Analisa Kesesuaian Antara Preskripsi Diet Dengan Kebutuhan Gizi Secara Individu pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus di Rumah Sakit X
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Background: Medical nutrition management in DM patients must be done individually because it must consider eating habits, metabolism, physical activity and comorbidities. Calculation of nutritients adequacy can use the PERKENI formula by calculating basal energy then added or reduced by several factors, namely age, weight, physical activity, gender, metabolic stress.
Objective: The aim of the study was to analysis the conformity of diet prescription and nutrients adequacy of DM patients. Method: This study used observational methods related to assessment data such as weight, hight, biochemical, and physic-clinic data and diet prescription. The number of samples in this study were 27 DM patients at X Hospital.
Results: Results showed that there was discrepancies of diet prescription and nutrients adequacy of DM patients. Category of nutrient adequacy devided by 8 category, 1100 kkal, 1200 kkal, 1300 kkal, 1400 kkal, 1500 kkal, 1600 kkal, 1700 kkal, 1800 kkal. Diet prescription of DM patients was 1700 kkal.
Conclusion: Comparison between diet prescription and nutrients adequacy 48% were mostly fall in appropriate category, and 52% were in inappropriate category. This was due to several factors such as the use of formulas in calculating nutrition adequacy of DM patients and the limited type of diet mannuals provided by hospitals to be prescribed for DM patients' diets.
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Penatalaksanaan gizi medis pada pasien DM harus dilakukan secara individual karena harus mempertimbangkan kebiasaan makan, metabolisme, aktivitas fisik dan adanya komorbid. Perhitungan kebutuhan pasien secara individu dapat menggunakan rumus PERKENI dengan memperhitungkan energi basal kemudian ditambahkan atau dikurangi dengan beberapa faktor yaitu umur, berat badan, aktivitas fisik, jenis kelamin, stress metabolik.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian antara preskripsi diet dengan kebutuhan gizi secara individu pada pasien DM.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi terkait data asesmen pasien yang meliputi data BB, TB, data biokimia, dan data fisik klinis, dan preskripsi diet. Data tersebut didapatkan berdasarkan informasi dari ahli gizi. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 27 pasien DM di RS X.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat ketidaksesuaian preskripsi diet dengan kebutuhan gizi secara individu pada pasien DM di RS X. Kategori kebutuhan energi secara individu terbagi menjadi 8 kategori, yaitu 1100 kkal (n=1), 1200 kkal (n=1), 1300 kkal (n=4), 1400 kkal (n=4), 1500 kkal (n=6), 1600 kkal (n=5), 1700 kkal (n=2), 1800 kkal (n=4). Preskripsi diet pasien DM adalah 1700 kkal.
Kesimpulan: Perbandingan preskripsi diet dengan kebutuhan gizi secara individu adalah sebanyak 13 orang (48%) berada pada kategori cukup atau sesuai, dan sebanyak 14 orang (52%) berada pada kategori lebih atau tidak sesuai. Hal ini dikarenakan oleh beberapa faktor seperti penggunaan rumus dalam menghitung kebutuhan gizi pasien DM dan terbatasnya jenis standar diet yang disediakan rumah sakit untuk dituliskan menjadi preskripsi diet pasien DM.
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