Aktivitas, Konsumsi Makanan, Faktor Fisiologis, dan Riwayat Obesitas Keluarga Kaitannya dengan Obesitas pada Pegawai: Studi Kasus-Kontrol
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Latar Belakang : Obesitas adalah penyakit kronis akibat kelebihan lemak tubuh yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit degeneratif seperti kardiometabolik dan diabetes. Faktor risiko obesitas yaitu faktor aktivitas, konsumsi, fisiologis dan riwayat obesitas keluarga.
Tujuan : Untuk menganalisis besar risiko faktor aktivitas, konsumsi, fisiologis dan riwayat obesitas keluarga pada kejadian obesitas berdasarkan persen lemak tubuh pegawai Kampus I dan III Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang.
Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional menggunakan rancangan case control. Jumlah partisipan sebanyak 39 kasus dan 39 kontrol yang dipilih secara random sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan yaitu data status gizi berdasarkan persen lemak tubuh, data aktivitas, konsumsi, dan riwayat obesitas keluarga. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan pengukuran antropometri, pengisian formulir aktivitas dan Semi Quantitative Food Frequecy Questionnare (SQ-FFQ), serta wawancara langsung. Uji yang digunakan adalah chi square dan multiple logistic regression dengan derajat kepercayaan 95%.
Hasil : Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas yaitu jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR 11,23; 95% CI 3,89 – 32,39), usia ≥ 40 tahun (OR 3,571; 95% CI 1,404 – 9,083), konsumsi lemak ≥ 67 g (OR 3,571; 95% CI 1,616 – 18,508), konsumsi gula >50 g (OR 5,255; 95% CI 1,694 – 16,302), dan aktivitas sedentari ≥ 10 jam (OR 28,868 ; CI 95% 0,621– 0,249). Hasil uji multiple logistic regression menunjukan bahwa faktor risiko terjadinya obesitas yaitu jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR 19,05; 95% CI 4,87 – 74,41), usia ≥ 40 tahun (OR 7,47; 95% CI 1,89 - 29,50), dan aktivitas sedentari ≥ 10 jam (OR 28,868 ; CI 95%; 1,942- 429,19).
Kesimpulan : Faktor risiko yang paling dominan terhadap obesitas adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki, usia ≥ 40 tahun, dan aktivitas sedentari ≥ 10 jam. Oleh karena itu, para pegawai khusus nya laki-laki dan kelompok usia ≥ 40 tahun dianjurkan untuk melakukan peregangan fisik secara berkala beberapa saat setelah bekerja dan mengurangi aktivitas sedentari saat di rumah dengan melakukan aktivitas yang banyak bergerak.
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