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Investigating the Impact of Sleep and Nutritional Quality on Hemoglobin Levels in Adolescent Girls: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

iron deficiency anaemia nutrition sleep quality adolescent haemoglobin

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Background: iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is a prevalent health issue among female adolescents, driven by poor dietary habits and inadequate sleep. Adolescents face additional challenges due to menstruation and rapid physical development, which increase their vulnerability to anaemia. This study focused on investigating the nutritional intake, diet quality and sleep quality effect haemoglobin levels among female adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 80 female adolescents aged 15-19 years in Ponorogo, Indonesia. Hemoglobin levels were measured using the Easy Touch GCHB device, while sleep quality was assessed through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Nutritional intake was evaluated using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ), and overall diet quality was measured by the Diet Quality Index (DQI). Data were analyzed with multinomial logistic regression employed to assess the relationships between nutritional intake, sleep quality, and haemoglobin levels. Results: The study found that 50% of participants had normal haemoglobin levels, while 42.5% had mild anaemia and 7.5% had moderate anaemia. The nutritional intake variable was significantly related to decreased Hb levels, and deficient intake increased the odds of mild anaemia (OR = 20.320, p = 0.004). Poor sleep quality also contributed to anaemia, with moderate sleep quality linked to higher odds of anaemia (OR = 22.932, p = 0.013). Conclusion: The interventions focused on improving nutritional intake and quality of sleep among female adolescents are urgently need, regarding the linked association of iron deficiency in this vulnerable group.

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