DAYA SERAP KULIT KACANG TANAH TERAKTIVASI ASAM BASA DALAM MENYERAP ION FOSFAT SECARA BATH DENGAN METODE BATH
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Kulit kacang tanah digunakan sebagai adsorben untuk menyerap ion fosfat dalam larutan. Sebelum digunakan sebagai adsorben, kulit kacang tanah dicuci, dikeringkan, dihaluskan menggunakan blender dan diayak dengan ukuran partikel ≤ 100 mesh. Serbuk halus diaktifkan dengan asam (H2SO4) dan basa (NaOH) pada berbagai konsentrasi. Selanjutnya, adsorben dengan dan tanpa aktivasi digunakan untuk menentukan kadar fosfat yang terserap secara optimum. Parameter adsorpsi yang digunakan adalah waktu kontak dan kapasitas adsorpsi. Kapasitas adsorpsi diukur dengan mereaksikan ion fosfat dengan adsorben, dan sisa analit dalam larutan ditambahkan dengan amonium molibdat membentuk senyawa kompleks amonium fosfomolibdat berwarna biru dalam larutan asam. Konsentrasi senyawa kompleks ditentukan dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Visible.Hasil dalam proses aktivasi menunjukkan konsentrasi optimum asam adalah 0,05 M, dan basa sebesar 0,5 M. Waktu kontak optimum diperoleh 45 menit untuk adsorben tanpa aktivasi dan aktivasi basa, sedangkan untuk aktivasi asam 30 menit. Kapasitas adsorpsi optimum berturut-turut adalah 8,5 mg/g; 8,8 mg/g, dan 10,4 mg/g menggunakan adsorben tanpa aktivasi, teraktivasi asam dan teraktivasi basa. Adsorben teraktivasi basa memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi tertinggi dibandingkan adsorben tanpa aktivasi dan teraktivasi asam.
Kata kunci: kulit kacang tanah, ion fosfat, adsorpsi, amonium fosfomolibdat
Abstract
Peanut shell was used as adsorbent to adsorb phosphate ion in solution. Before using as adsorbent, the peanut shell was washed, dried, mashed and sifted with particle size <100 mesh. The fine powder was activated by acid (H2SO4) and base (NaOH) with various concentrations. Furthermore, the adsorbent with and without activation was used to determine the optimum phosphate concentration that can be adsorbed. The parameters adsorption such as contact time and adsorption capacity, were examined. The adsorption capacity was measured by reacting the phosphate ion with adsorbent, and the rest of analyte in the solution reacted with ammonium molybdate formed ammonium phospho molybdate complex compound whose blue color in acidic solution. The concentration of complex compound can be determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometry method. The results in activation process showed the optimum concentration of acid is 0.05 M, and base is 0.5 M. The optimum contact time obtained 45 minutes for adsorbent without and base activated, while 30 minutes for acid activated. The optimum adsorption capacity is 8.5 mg/g, 8.8 mg/g, and 10.4 mg/g using adsorbent without, acid, and base activated, respectively. Adsorbent in base activated has the highest adsorption capacity compared with no and acid activated.
Keywords: peanut shell, phosphate ion, adsorption, ammonium phospho molybdate
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