ENERGI, MAKRONUTRIEN, DAN CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS (CIMT) PADA REMAJA OBESITAS <br><i>[Energy, Macronutrients, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) in Obese Adolescents]</br></i>
Downloads
Obesity prevalence is increasing in adolescents. Subclinical chronic infl ammation in obesity causes complication, such as atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular disease is one of the complications of obesity that causes premature death. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a subclinical marker of atherosclerosis which easily performed and noninvasive. Early detection of atherosclerosis can improved outcome. Healthy diet have a negative correlation with CIMT meanwhile high calori diet increase CIMT. This study aimed to examine the eff ect of energy and macronutrients intake on CIMT in obese adolescents. A cross sectional study was conducted on 59 adolescents aged 13-16 years old with obesity in pediatric clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital using consecutive sampling method. Dietary intake was obtained through 1 x 24 hours food recall. Anthropometric measurements include body height and weight. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Obesity is defi ned as BMI higher than 95th percentile based on age and gender (CDC 2000 curve). CIMT examination was performed using B mode ultrasonography on the neck. Statistical analysis was perfomed using mutiple linear regression to analyze the eff ect of total energy, fat, and carbohydrate on CIMT. There were 59 obese adolescents included in this study, consist of 27 (45.8%) female adolescents and 32 (54.2%) male adolescents. No eff ects of total energy, carbohydrate, and fat on CIMT was found in obese adolescents (p>0.05). Further research with more subjects and at least 2x24 hours food recall are needed to assess the eff ect of calories and macronutrients on CIMT in obese adolescents.
Aghayan, M., Asghari, G., Yuzbashian, E., Dehgan, P., Haghighian, H.K., Mirmiran, P., & Javadi, M. (2019) Association of nuts and unhealthy snacks with subclinical atherosclerosis among children and adolescents with overweight. Nutrition and Metabolism, 16(1),1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12986-019-0350-y
Alissa, E., Helmi, S., & Al-salmi, M. (2018). Relationship between diet quality and carotid intima-media thickness in people with and without carotid atherosclerosis. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 7(3), 531-537. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc. jfmpc_66_18.
Asghari, G., Dehghan, P., Mirmiran, P., Yuzbashian, E., Mahdavi, M., Tohidi, M., Nevestani, T.R., Hosseinpanah, F., & Azizi, F. 2018. Insulin metabolism markers are predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis among overweight and obese children and adolescents. BMC Pediatrics, 18, 368. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12887-018-1347-9
Baroncini, L.A.V., Sylvestre, L. de C., & Pecoits Filho, R. (2016). Assessment of Intima-Media Thickness in Healthy Children Aged 1 to 15 Years. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 106(4), 327-332. https://doi.org/10.5935/ abc.20160030
Bekdas, M., Kaya, E., Dagistan, E., Goksugur, S.B., Demircioglu, F., Erkocoglu, M., & Dilek, M. (2016). The association of obesity and obesity-related conditions with carotid extramedial thickness in children and adolescents: Obesity and carotid extra-medial thickness. Pediatric Obesity, 11(6), 521–527. https://doi. org/10.1111/ijpo.12096
Böhm, B., Hartmann, K., Buck, M., & Oberhoff er, R. (2009). Sex diff erences of carotid intima-media thickness in healthy children and adolescents. Atherosclerosis, 206(2), 458–463. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.03.016
Chiavaroli, L., Mirrahimi, A., Ireland, C., Mitchell, S., Coveney, J., Oowoyeye, O.,... Moody, A. R., (2017). Cross-sectional associations between dietary intake and carotid intima media thickness in type 2 diabetes: baseline data from a randomised trial. BMJ Open, 7(3), e015026. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015026
DeClercq, V., Cui, Y., Forbes, C., Grandy, S., Keats, M., Parker, L., Sweeney, E., Yu, Z., & Dummer, T. (2017). Association between Diet Quality and Adiposity in the Atlantic PATH Cohort. Nutrients, 9(10), 1155-1172. https:// doi.org/10.3390/nu9101155
Fang, J., Zhang, J.P., Luo, C.X., Yu, X.M., & Lv, L.Q. (2010). Carotid Intima-media thickness in childhood and adolescent obesity relations to abdominal obesity, high triglyceride level and insulin resistance. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(2), 278–283. Gao, Z., Khoury, P.R., McCoy,
C.E., Shah, A.S., Kimball, T.R., Dolan, L.M., & Urbina, E.M. (2016). Adiposity has no direct effect on carotid intima-media thickness in adolescents and young adults: Use of structural equation modeling to elucidate indirect & direct pathways. Atherosclerosis, 246, 29–35. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.033
Going, S.B., Lohman, T.G., Cussler, E.C., Williams, D.P., Morrison, J.A., & Horn, P.S. (2011). Percent Body Fat and Chronic Disease Risk Factors in U.S. Children and Youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 41(4), S77–S86. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2011.07.006
Kollias, A., Psilopatis, I., Karagiaouri, E., Glaraki, M., Grammatikos, E., Grammatikos, E.E., Garoufi , A., & Stergiou, G.S. (2013). Adiposity, blood pressure, and carotid intima-media thickness in greek adolescents. Obesity, 21(5), 1013–1017. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20194
Leite, A., Santos, A., Monteiro, M., Gomes, L., Veloso, M., & Costa, M. (2012). Impact of overweight and obesity in carotid intima-media thickness of portuguese adolescents: Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. Acta Paediatrica, 101(3), e115–e121. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1651-2227.2011.02503.x
Makimura, H., Stanley, T., Mun, D., Chen, C., Wei, J., Connelly, J. M., Hemphill, L. C., & Grinspoon, S. K. 2009. Reduced Growth Hormone Secretion Is Associated with Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 94(12), 5131–5138. http://doi/org/10.1210/jc.2009-1295.
Osiniri, I., Sitjar, C., Soriano-Rodríguez, P., PratsPuig, A., Casas-Satre, C., Mayol, L.,... LópezBermejo, A. (2012). Carotid Intima-Media Thickness at 7 Years of Age: Relationship to C-Reactive Protein Rather than Adiposity. The Journal of Pediatrics, 160(2), 276-280.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.07.020
Ouyang, P., Vaidya, D., Dobs, A., Golden, S. H., Szklo, M., Heckbert, S. R., Kopp, P., & Gapstur, S. M. 2009. Sex Hormones Levels and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 204(1), 255–261. http://doi. org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.037
Park, M.H., Skow, Á., De Matteis, S., Kessel, A.S., Saxena, S., Viner, R.M., & Kinra, S. (2015). Adiposity and carotid-intima media thickness in children and adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Pediatrics, 15, 161-171. https://doi. org/10.1186/s12887-015-0478-5
Qu, B., & Qu, T. 2015. Causes of changes in carotid intima-media thickness: a literature review. Cardiovascular Ultrasound, 13, 46. https://doi. org/10.1186/s12947-015-0041-4
Rachmi, C.N., Li, M., & Alison Baur, L. (2017). Overweight and obesity in Indonesia: prevalence and risk factors”a literature review. Public Health, 147, 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. puhe.2017.02.002
Recio-Rodriguez, J.I., Garcia-Yu, I.A., AlonsoDominguez, R., Maderuelo-Fernandez, J.A., Patino-Alonso, M.C., Agudo-Conde, C.,... Garcia-Ortiz, L. (2017). Diet quality and carotid atherosclerosis in intermediate cardiovascular risk individuals. Nutrition Journal, 16, 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-017-0266-1
Reis, J.P., Loria, C.M., Lewis, C.E., Powell-Wiley, T.M., Wei, G.S., Carr, J.J., Terry, J.G., & Liu, K. (2013). Association Between Duration of Overall and Abdominal Obesity Beginning in Young Adulthood and Coronary Artery Calcifi cation in Middle Age. Journal of The American Medical Association, 310(3), 280- 288. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.7833
Sartorius, K., Sartorius, B., Madiba, T.E., & Stefan, C. (2018). Does high-carbohydrate intake lead to increased risk of obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 8, e018449, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018449
Slyper, A.H., Rosenberg, H., Kabra, A., Weiss, M.J., Blech, B., Gensler, S., & Matsumura, M. (2014). Early atherogenesis and visceral fat in obese adolescents. International Journal of Obesity, 38(7), 954–958. https://doi.org/10.1038/ ijo.2014.11
Stabouli, S., Kotsis, V., Karagianni, C., Zakopoulos, N., & Konstantopoulos, A. (2012). Blood pressure and carotid artery intima-media thickness in children and adolescents: the role of obesity. Hellenic Journal of Cardiololgy, 53(1), 41–47.
Todendi, P.F., Possuelo, L.G., Klinger, E.I., Reuter, C.P., Burgos, M.S., Moura, D.J., Fiegenbaum, M., Valim, A.R. & de M. (2016). Low-grade infl ammation markers in children and adolescents: Infl uence of anthropometric characteristics and CRP and IL6 polymorphisms. Cytokine, 88, 177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cyto.2016.09.007
Torres, N., Guevara-Cruz, M., Velázquez-Villegas, L. A., & Tovar, A. R. 2015. Nutrition and Atherosclerosis. Archives of Medical Research, 46(5), 408–426. http://doi.org/10.1016/j. arcmed.2015.05.010
van den Oord, S.C.H., Sijbrands, E.J.G., ten Kate, G.L., van Klaveren, D., van Domburg, R.T., van der Steen, A.F.W., & Schinkel, A.F.L. (2013). Carotid intima-media thickness for cardiovascular risk assessment: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis, 228(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. atherosclerosis.2013.01.025
- MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA Journal is the copyright owner of all materials published on this website.
- The formal legal provisions for access to digital articles of this electronic journal are subject to the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which means that MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA Journal and readers reserve the right to save, transmit media / format, manage in database, maintain, and publish articles as long as it continues to include the name of the Author.
- Printed and published print and electronic manuscripts are open access for educational, research and library purposes. In addition to these objectives, the editorial board shall not be liable for violations of copyright law.
2.png)
