Flashcards on Reproductive Health Education for Elementary School Children: Development and Validation
Downloads
Reproductive health problems among children and adolescents are increasing. These problems can be prevented starting from a young age. Parents play a significant role in protecting children from sexual and reproductive health problems. Educational media are needed to improve parents' knowledge of reproductive health in elementary school age children so parents can provide this information to their children. Objective: To develop flashcards to support parents in educating children about reproductive health from an early age. Method: The study used a research and development method conducted from February-May 2024 in Kartasura, Sukoharjo. The ADDIE model was used as the stages in media development. One material expert and one media expert, ten parents in the small group evaluation, and 20 parents in the field evaluation tested the suitability of the media. This was followed by implementing media use with a one group pre- and post-test design involving 30 parents to assess the effectiveness of the media. The parents involved in this research were parents of elementary school children in grades 1-3. Data were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using N-gain value. Results: Flashcard media was very suitable and effective (with the percentage of media feasibility in the experts’ assessment being 90%, small group evaluation 90.3% and 88.6% in the field evaluation). At the implementation stage, there was an increase in the average knowledge score before and after using flashcards with N-gain score was 0.43. Conclusion: Flashcards can be used for reproductive health education for parents of elementary school children.
Abdallah, A. K., Magata, R. J., & Sylvester, J. N. (2017). Barriers to parent-child communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in East Africa: A review of qualitative research in four countries. Journal of African Studies and Development, 9(4), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.5897/jasd2016.0410
Baska, D. Y., Madjid, T. H., & Idjradinata, P. S. (2020). The Effect of Health Education with Flashcard Media on Improvement of Knowledge and Reduction of Anxiety Degree in Adolescents Primigravida. Global Medical & Health Communication (GMHC), 8(1). https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v8i1.5192
Bekele, D., Deksisa, A., Abera, W., & Megersa, G. (2022). Parental communication on sexual and reproductive health issues to their adolescents and affecting factors at Asella town, Ethiopia: a community-based, cross-sectional study. Reproductive Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01408-8
Bikila, T. S., Dida, N., Bulto, G. A., Debelo, B. T., & Temesgen, K. (2021). Adolescents’ Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters with Their Parents and Associated Factors among Secondary and Preparatory School Students in Ambo Town, Oromia, Ethiopia. International Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 2021, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6697837
Billa, H. S., & Solikhah, U. (2022). The Effectiveness of Visikarkes Media (Animated Videos of Sexual Violence Cartoons) on Knowledge of Early Reproduction in School-Age Children in State Elementary Schools 03 Mersi (Efektivitas Media Visikarkes-Video Animasi Kartun Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Pengetahuan Reproduksi Dini Anak Usia Sekolah di SD Negeri 03 Mersi) In Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 3(3), 459–465.
Central Java Provincial Health Service. (2023). Central Java Health Profile 2022 (Profil Kesehatan Jawa Tengah 2022) In Indonesia.
Collins, R.L., Strasburger, V.C., Brown, J.D., Donnerstein, E., Lenhart, A., & Ward, L.M. (2017). Sexual Media and Childhood Well-being and Health. Pediatrics., 140(November), S162–S166. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1758X
Engel, E. (2023). Young peoples’ perceived benefits and barriers of sexual health promotion on social media - a literature review. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education,1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2023.2241035
Feyissa, M., Adugna, H., Aferu, T., & Nigussie, T. (2020). Parent-Adolescent/Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Communication: The Case of Secondary and Preparatory School Students in Fiche Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The Open Public Health Journal, 13(1), 415–424. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010415
Indonesian Child Protection Commission. (2023, January 20). Monitoring Notes on Child Protection in the Pandemic Transition Period; Positive Parenting, Indonesian Children Free from Violence (Catatan Pengawasan Perlindungan Anak di Masa Transisi Pandemi; Pengasuhan Positif, Anak Indonesia Terbebas dari Kekerasan)In Indonesia. https://www.kpai.go.id/publikasi/catatan-pengawasan-perlindungan-anak-di-masa-transisi-pandemi-pengasuhan-positif-anak-indonesia-terbebas-dari-kekerasan
Kanchan, S., & Gaidhane, A. (2024). Print Media Role and Its Impact on Public Health: A Narrative Review. Cureus 16(5), e59574. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.59574
Kelrey, F., & Kusbaryanto. (2021). Flash Card and Audio Visual Educational Media for Reproductive Health in Children with Intellectual Disabilities (Media Edukasi Flash Card dan Audio Visual Kesehatan Reproduksi pada Anak Disabilitas Intelektual) In Indonesia. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 9(4), 833–842.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2024). "Indonesia Health Profile 2023 (Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2023) in Indonesia.
Kusumaningrum, T. A. I., Kusumawati, Y., Setiyadi, N. A., Samphors, S., Gita, A. P. A., Rohmawaty, N., & Selena, H. (2022). Experiences of Getting Reproductive Health Information from Friends as the Most Influenced Factor on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Risk Behavior in Adolescents. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(E), 428–434.
Kusumaningrum, T. A. I., Suci, D. L., & Wulandari, D. (2022). Parents’ behavior for delivering adolescent reproductive health education. International Journal of Public Health Science, 11(4), 1202–1209. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i4.21440
Listyorini, R., & Kusumaningrum, T. A. I. (2022). Determining Factors of Parental Perceptions of Sexuality Education for Elementary School Age Children (Faktor Penentu Persepsi Orang Tua tentang Pendidikan Seksualitas Kepada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar) In Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 17(4), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.17.4.2022.20-28
Maina, B. W., Ushie, B. A., & Kabiru, C. W. (2020). Parent-child sexual and reproductive health communication among very young adolescents in Korogocho informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Reproductive Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-00938-3
Ministry of Education and Culture, Ministry of Health, & Ministry of Religion. (2017). Adolescent Health Education Module for Elementary/MI and Equivalent Level (Modul Pendidikan Kesehatan Remaja Tingkat SD/MI dan Sederajat) In Indonesia.
Ndugga, P., Kwagala, B., Wandera, S. O., Kisaakye, P., Mbonye, M. K., & Ngabirano, F. (2023). “If your mother does not teach you, the world will…”: a qualitative study of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues in Border districts of eastern Uganda. BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15562-6
Othman, A., Shaheen, A., Otoum, M., Aldiqs, M., Hamad, I., Dabobe, M., Langer, A., & Gausman, J. (2020). Parent–child communication about sexual and reproductive health: perspectives of Jordanian and Syrian parents. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2020.1758444
Purwanti, D. A., Daryanti, M. S., Sundari, S., & Attamimi, A. (2021). Parents’ Involvement in Sexual and Reproductive Health Education for Children: A Scoping Review. Women, Midwives and Midwifery, 1(1), 2021. https://wmmjournal.org
Rimawati, E., & Nugraheni, S. (2018). Early Age Sex Education Methods in Indonesia (Metode Pendidikan Seks Usia Dini di Indonesia) In Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Andalas, 13(1), 20–27. http://jurnal.fkm.unand.ac.id/index.php/jkma/
Scull, T.M., V. Malik, C., M. Keefe, E., & Schoemann, A. (2019). Evaluating the Short-term Impact of Media Aware Parent, a Web-based Program for Parents with the Goal of Adolescent Sexual Health Promotion. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(9), 1686–1706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01077-0
Sepiani, A. D., Afiati, E., & Prabowo, A. S. (2023). Development of Digital Comic Media Regarding Sexual Education for Elementary School Students (Pengembangan Media Komik Digital Mengenai Pendidikan Seksual untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar) In Indonesia. Diversity Guidance and Counseling Journal, 1(1), 71–87.
Sievwright, K. M., Moreau, C., Li, M., Ramaiya, A., Gayles, J., & Blum, R. W. (2023). Adolescent–Parent Relationships and Communication: Consequences for Pregnancy Knowledge and Family Planning Service Awareness. Journal of Adolescent Health, 73(1), S43–S54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.09.034
Simaibang, F. H., Azzahroh, P., & Silawati, V. (2021). The Influence of Flip Sheet Media, Animated Videos on Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Sexual Reproduction among Elementary School Students in East Jakarta (Pengaruh Media Lembar Balik, Video Animasi Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Mengenai Reproduksi Seksualitas pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Jakarta Timur) In Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 13(1), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.37012/jik.v13i1.493
Singh, D. R., Shrestha, S., Karki, K., Sunuwar, D. R., Khadka, D. B., Maharjan, D., Sah, L. K., Simkhada, B., & Sah, R. K. (2023). Parental knowledge and communication with their adolescent on sexual and reproductive health issues in Nepal. PLoS ONE, 18(7 July). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289116
Sukoharjo Regency Health Office. (2023). Sukoharjo Regency Health Profile 2022 (Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Sukoharjo 2022) In Indonesia.
UNESCO, UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNICEF, UN Women, & WHO. (2018). International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education : An Evidence-Informed Approach. UNESCO.
Utami, D. R. R. B., Nurwati, I., & Lestari, A. (2024). School-based sexual and reproductive health education among adolescents in developing countries. International Journal of Public Health Science, 13(1), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v13i1.23267
Utami, F. P., Syam, S., & Nurfita, D. (2023). Increasing mothers’ reproductive health knowledge and attitudes through education on youth internet-based social interaction. Jurnal Cakrawala Promkes, 5(2), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.12928/promkes.v5i2.7664
Wulandari, L. P., Apsari, D. D., & Hapsari, A. (2023). Development of Educational Media for Adolescent Reproductive Health. Futurity Medicine,2(4), 17–27. https://doi.org/10.57125/fem.2023.12.30.03
Zahni, N. I., Hasnah, H., & Arbianingsih, A. (2020). The Effect Of Education Game Of Ladder And Flashcard Media To Improve Reproduction Knowledge In Early Adolescents. STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 9(1), 60–69. https://doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i1.269
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In order to be accepted and published by Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education, Author(s) who submit an article should complete all the review process. The copyright of received articles assigned to the Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education,and Department of Health Promotion and Behavior Science, Universitas Airlangga as publishers of the journal. The intended copyright includes the rights to publish articles in various forms (including reprints).
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education's website. Authors are allowed to use their works for any purposes deemed necessary without written permission from Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health EducationS and/or Department of Health Promotion and Behavior Science, Universitas Airlangga with an acknowledgement of initial publication in this journal.
The Editorial Team of Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education and Department of Health Promotion and Behavior Sciences strive to ensure that no errors occur in the articles that have been published, both data errors and statements in the article.
Users of this website will be licensed to use materials from this website following the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. No fees charged. Please use the materials accordingly.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attribution ” You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial ” You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike ” If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
