Literature Review: The Relationship Of Breakfast Skipping With Overweight/Obesity
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Background: The number of overweight and obese people in the world is increasing, and the worldwide increase in obesity affects health and reduces quality of life. Obesity is a risk factor for degenerative diseases that have serious health consequences. Research conducted in 2016 showed that more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older are overweight. Factors that influence the occurrence of obesity are genetics, less physical activity, more calorie intake, and an irregular diet.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between skipping breakfast and overweight/obesity.
Methods: The writing of this review article uses a literature review approach where this study uses data findings and / or findings and previous research on the topic of skipping breakfast with overweight / obesity as many as 6 cross sectional studies. Case control, and cohort. The databases used are Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed.
Discussion: Regularly skipping breakfast can effectively reduce the risk of obesity. Skipping breakfast can alter the circadian rhythm, which is the natural pattern of the human body that repeats every 24 hours, which can affect energy intake, body function and emotional state. These changes can cause one to consume more calories during the day and night, resulting in an increase in body fat, which manifests as weight gain. Changes in eating behaviour result in eating fast food, which increases total energy consumption.
Conclusions: Based on the 6 articles howes a significant association between skipping and the incidence of obesity. 5 studies showed significant results that gender was one of the influences on the association of breakfast skipping with obesity but in the reviewed studies there was no dietary assessment including energy and nutrient energy and nutrient consumption data to assess the distribution of daily intake between meals. 1 another article shows no association of gender with meal skipping.
Keywords: skipping breakfast, overweight, and obesity.
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