The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum Levels of 25 (OH) D, Serum Calcium, and Bone Density in Adolescent: A Literature Review
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Latar Belakang: Stunting dan penurunan densitas tulang merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang umum diderita oleh remaja. Hal ini terjadi akibat kurangnya asupan zat gizi yang adekuat terutama vitamin D yang berfungsi untuk pertumbuhan tulang dan mineralisasi jaringan. Jumlah yang terbatas dari makanan dan faktor pigmentasi kulit menjadi penyebab terjadinya defisiensi vitamin D sehingga dibutuhkan upaya suplementasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut.
Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis efek suplementasi vitamin D terhadap pertumbuhan linier remaja.
Metode: Penelusuran artikel pada tinjauan pustaka ini dilakukan menggunakan mesin pencarian melalui Medline, PubMed, EBSCO, ELSEVIER, Cambridge Core, dan WILEY. Artikel memuat teks penuh, berbahasa inggris dan tahun terbit mulai dari 2010 hingga 2020. Kata kunci pencarian yang dimasukkan adalah vitamin Dsupplementation, adolescent or teenagers, linear growth, dan Bone Mass Density (BMD).
Hasil: Hasil skrining menemukan 12 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan luaran penelitian yaitu kadar serum 25(OH)D merupakan parameter biokimia yang merupakan luaran yang terdapat pada 10 artikel penelitian. Parameter biokimia serum kalsium sebanyak 6 artikel, densitas tulang sebanyak 8 artikel, dan tinggi badan 2 artikel.
Kesimpulan: Suplementasi vitamin D yang diberikan pada remaja yang sehat maupun tidak sehat terbukti meningkatkan kadar serum 25(OH)D.
Kata kunci: Suplementasi vitamin D, serum 25(OH)D, densitas massa tulang, pertumbuhan linier remaja.
ABSTRACT
Background: Stunting and decreased bone density are some of the common nutritional problems that remain by adolescents. This occurs due to lack of adequate nutrition, especially vitamin D which functions for bone growth and tissue mineralization. A limited amount of food and skin pigmentation factors cause vitamin D deficiency so supplementation efforts are needed to meet those needs.
Objective: To analyze the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the linear growth of adolescents.
Method: Searching for articles in this literature review was done using a search engine through Medline, PubMed, EBSCO, ELSEVIER, Cambridge Core, and WILEY. The article contains the full text, English language, and year of publication from 2010 to 2020. The search keywords entered are vitamin D supplementation, adolescent or teenagers, linear growth, and Bone Mass Density (BMD).
Results: The screening results found 12 articles that met the inclusion criteria and were classified based on research outcomes, namely serum 25 (OH) D levels were biochemical parameters which were the results contained in 10 research articles. Biochemical parameters of serum calcium were 6 articles, bone density were 8 articles, and height were 2 articles.
Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation given to healthy and unhealthy adolescents has been shown to increase serum 25 (OH) D levels.
Keywords: Vitamin D supplementation, serum 25 (OH) D, bone mass density, adolescent linear growth.
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