Tinjauan Literatur Terkini: Peranan Konsumsi Teh Terhadap Penyakit Hipertensi
Background: The prevalence of hypertension keeps rising sometimes. Blood pressure medications are necessary for those with hypertension, and they must also lead healthy lifestyles. Drinking tea is one of the healthy lifestyle choices that may help lower blood pressure.
Objectives: To provide up-to-date information related to clinical trials of tea against hypertension or lowering blood pressure.
Discusion: This article makes use of the most recent clinical trial data sources, which were looked up using Pubmed for the years 2017 through 2022. A literature search turned up a total of 9 articles. The majority of research utilizing EGCG capsules with a dose range of 75–300 mg discovered results in the form of a considerable drop in blood pressure. Studies employing capsules containing anthocyanins and polyphenols also discovered the same thing. Four trials used tea beverages as intervention materials, however none of them found a substantial drop in blood pressure. In actuality, two studies revealed a considerable drop in blood pressure and a rise in blood pressure, respectively. This variation in outcomes could be brought on by variations.
Conclusions: The active components of tea, especially EGCG, have been used in recent clinical studies on blood pressure regulation. Numerous clinical trials involving the usage of EGCG capsules have revealed a reduction in blood pressure. Exploiting this potential of EGCG in a larger sample size can be the subject of future study.
World Health Organization. Hypertension – Fact Sheets. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension (Accessed: 01 April 2023)
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Hasil Utama RISKESDAS 2018. (2018).
Aune, D., Huang, W., Nie, J., Wang, Y. Hypertension and the Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: An Outcome-Wide Association Study of 67 Causes of Death in the National Health Interview Survey. BioMed research international. 2021, 9376134 (2021).
Zhou, D., Xi, B., Zhao, M., Wang, L., Veeranki, S. P. Uncontrolled hypertension increases risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in US adults: the NHANES III Linked Mortality Study. Scientific reports. 8(1), 9418 (2018).
Gao, J., Wang, L., Liang, H., He, Y., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., et al. The association between a combination of healthy lifestyles and the risks of hypertension and dyslipidemia among adults-evidence from the northeast of China. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases: NMCD. 32(5), 1138–1145 (2022).
Lu, Q., Zhang, Y., Geng, T., Yang, K., Guo, K., Min, X., et al. Association of Lifestyle Factors and Antihypertensive Medication Use With Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Adults With Hypertension in China. JAMA network open. 5(2), e2146118 (2022).
Pan, S-Y., Nie, Q., Tai, H-C., Song, X-L., Tong, Y-F, Zhang, L-J-F., Wu, X-W., et al. Tea and Tea Drinking: China's Outstanding Contributions to the Mankind. Chin Med. 17, 27 (2022).
Fuchs, D., Graaf, Y.D., Kerckhoven, R.V., Draijer, R. Effect of Tea Theaflavins and Catechin on Microvascular Function. Nutrients. 6(12), 5772-5785 (2014).
Xu, R., Yang, K., Ding, J., Chen, G. Effect of Green Tea Supplementation on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Medicine. 99(6), e19047 (2020).
Mahdavi-Roshan, M., Salari, A., Ghorbani, Z., Ashouri, A. The Effects of Regular Consumption of Green or Black Tea Beverage on Blood Pressure In Those With Elevated Blood Pressure or Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Complement Ther Med. 51, 102430 (2020).
Lorenz, M., Rauhut, F., Hofer, C., Gwosc, S., Müller, E., Praeger, D., et al. Tea-Induced Improvement of Endothelial Function In Humans: No Role for Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG). Sci Rep. 7(1), 2279 (2017).
Deng, X., Hou, Y., Zhou, H., Li, Y., Xue, Z., Xue, X., et al. Hypolipidemic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Tea Before and After Microbial Fermentation. Food Sci Nutr. 9(2), 1160–1170 (2021).
Reddy, A. T., Lakshmi, S. P., Maruthi Prasad, E., Varadacharyulu, N. C., Kodidhela, L. D. Epigallocatechin Gallate Suppresses Inflammation In Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells By Inhibiting NF-κB. Life sci. 258, 118136 (2020).
Xu, R., Yang, K., Li, S., Dai, M., Chen, G. Effect of Green Tea Consumption on Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutr J. 19(1), 48 (2020).
Zheng, X. X., Xu, Y. L., Li, S. H., Liu, X. X., Hui, R., Huang, X. H. Green Tea Intake Lowers Fasting Serum Total and LDL Cholesterol In Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 14 Randomized Controlled Trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 94(2), 601–610 (2011).
Mohd Sabri, N. A., Lee, S. K., Murugan, D. D., Ling, W. C. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) Alleviates Vascular Dysfunction In Angiotensin II-Infused Hypertensive Mice by Modulating Oxidative Stress and eNOS. Scientific reports. 12(1), 17633 (2022).
Luo, D., Xu, J., Chen, X., Zhu, X., Liu, S., Li, J., et al. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) Attenuates Salt-Induced Hypertension and Renal Injury in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Scientific reports. 10(1), 4783 (2020).
de la Fuente Muñoz, M., de la Fuente Fernández, M., Román-Carmena, M., Iglesias de la Cruz, M. D. C., Amor, S., Martorell, P., Enrique-López, M., García-Villalón, A. L., Inarejos-García, A. M., & Granado, M. Supplementation with Two New Standardized Tea Extracts Prevents the Development of Hypertension in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 11(8), 1573 (2022).
Ye, X., Tang, X., Li, F., Zhu, J., Wu, M., Wei, X., & Wang, Y. (2022). Green and Oolong Tea Extracts With Different Phytochemical Compositions Prevent Hypertension and Modulate the Intestinal Flora in a High-Salt Diet Fed Wistar Rats. Frontiers in nutrition. 9, 892801 (2022).
Izadi, F., Farrokhzad, A., Tamizifar, B., Tarrahi, M. J., Entezari, M. H. Effect of Sour Tea Supplementation on Liver Enzymes, Lipid Profile, Blood Pressure, and Antioxidant Status in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Phytotherapy research: PTR. 35(1). 477–485 (2021).
Taati, B., Arazi, H., & Kheirkhah, J. Interaction Effect of Green Tea Consumption and Resistance Training On Office and Ambulatory Cardiovascular Parameters In Women With High-Normal/Stage 1 Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 23(5), 978–986 (2021).
Chatree, S., Sitticharoon, C., Maikaew, P., Pongwattanapakin, K., Keadkraichaiwat, I., Churintaraphan, M., et al. Epigallocatechin Gallate Decreases Plasma Triglyceride, Blood Pressure, and Serum Kisspeptin In Obese Human Subjects. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 246(2), 163–176 (2021).
Dardashti Pour, E., Yaghobian, F., Dehghan, F., Azarbayjani, M. A. Forecast of ameliorating effect of dietary flavonol consumption in white tea with or without aerobic training on type 2 diabetes (T2D) in females. Clinical nutrition ESPEN. 45, 134–140 (2021).
Al-Shafei, A. I. M., & El-Gendy, O. A. A. Regular consumption of green tea improves pulse pressure and induces regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. Physiol Rep. 7(6), e14030 (2019).
Shi, D. D., Guo, J. J., Zhou, L., Wang, N. Epigallocatechin Gallate Enhances Treatment Efficacy of Oral Nifedipine Against Pregnancy-Induced Severe Pre-Eclampsia: A Double-Blind, Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study. J Clin Pharm Ther. 43(1), 21–25 (2018).
Ahmad, A. F., Rich, L., Koch, H., Croft, K. D., Ferruzzi, M. G., Kay, C. D., et al. C. Effect of Adding Milk to Black Tea on Vascular Function In Healthy Men and Women: A Randomised Controlled Crossover Trial. Food & function. 9(12), 6307–6314 (2018).
Lane, J. A., Er, V., Avery, K. N. L., Horwood, J., Cantwell, M., Caro, G. P., et al. ProDiet: A Phase II Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Green Tea Catechins and Lycopene in Men at Increased Risk of Prostate Cancer. Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.). 11(11), 687–696 (2018).
Nogueira, L. P., Nogueira Neto, J. F., Klein, M. R., Sanjuliani, A. F. Short-term Effects of Green Tea on Blood Pressure, Endothelial Function, and Metabolic Profile in Obese Prehypertensive Women: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 36(2), 108–115 (2017).
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Data Komposisi Pangan Indonesia. Available at: https://www.panganku.org/id-ID/beranda (Accessed: 24 March 2023).
Chupeerach, C., Aursalung, A., Watcharachaisoponsiri, T., Whanmek, K., Thiyajai, P., Yosphan, K., et al. The Effect of Steaming and Fermentation on Nutritive Values, Antioxidant Activities, and Inhibitory Properties of Tea Leaves. Foods. 10(1), 117 (2021).
Peng, P., Wang, L., Shu, G., Li, J., Chen, L. Nutrition and Aroma Challenges of Green Tea Product as Affected by Emerging Superfine Grinding and Traditional Extraction. Food Sci Nutr. 8(8), 4565–4572 (2020).
Tang, G. Y., Meng, X., Gan, R. Y., Zhao, C. N., Liu, Q., Feng, Y. B., et al. Health Functions and Related Molecular Mechanisms of Tea Components: An Update Review. Int J Mol Sci. 20(24), 6196 (2019).
LIczbiński, P., & Bukowska, B. Tea and Coffee Polyphenols and Their Biological Properties Based on The Latest In Vitro Investigations. Ind Crops Prod. 175, 114265 (2022).
Tang, G. Y., Zhao, C. N., Xu, X. Y., Gan, R. Y., Cao, S. Y., Liu, Q., Shang, A., Mao, Q. Q., & Li, H. B. Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of 30 Chinese Teas. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 8(6), 180 (2019).
Perhimpunan Dokter Hipertensi. HIPERTENSI 2021: Update Konsensus PERHI 2019. (2021).
Shahoud, J.S., Sanvictores, T., Aeddula, N.R. Physiology, Arterial Pressure Regulation. [Updated 2022 Aug 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538509/ (accessed 01 April 2023)
Lo Gullo, A., Giuffrida, C., Morace, C., Squadrito, G., Magnano San Lio, P., Ricciardi, L., et al. Arterial Stiffness and Adult Onset Vasculitis: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in medicine. 9, 824630 (2022).
Sarmah, N., Nauli, A. M., Ally, A., Nauli, S. M. (2022). Interactions among Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase, Cardiovascular System, and Nociception during Physiological and Pathophysiological States. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland). 27(9), 2835 (2022).
Cyr, A. R., Huckaby, L. V., Shiva, S. S., Zuckerbraun, B. S. Nitric Oxide and Endothelial Dysfunction. Critical care clinics. 36(2), 307–321 (2020).
Amponsah-Offeh, M., Diaba-Nuhoho, P., Speier, S., Morawietz, H. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants and Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 12(2), 281 (2023).
Shen, A. R., Lv, L. L. Tubule Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts Communication: Vicious Cycle of Renal Fibrosis. EbioMedicine. 86, 104360 (2022).
Chang, C., Worley, B. L., Phaí«ton, R., Hempel, N. Extracellular Glutathione Peroxidase GPx3 and Its Role in Cancer. Cancers. 12(8), 2197 (2020).
Trist, B. G., Hilton, J. B., Hare, D. J., Crouch, P. J., Double, K. L. Superoxide Dismutase 1 in Health and Disease: How a Frontline Antioxidant Becomes Neurotoxic. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English). 60(17), 9215–9246 (2021).
Yan, D., Sun, Y., Zhou, X., Si, W., Liu, J., Li, M., Wu, M. (2022). Regulatory effect of gut microbes on blood pressure. Animal models and experimental medicine, 5(6), 513–531.
Surma, S., Oparil, S. Coffee and Arterial Hypertension. Current hypertension reports. 23(7), 38 (2021).
Polasek, T. M., Patel, F., Jensen, B. P., Sorich, M. J., Wiese, M. D., Doogue, M. P. Predicted metabolic drug clearance with increasing adult age. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 75(4), 1019–1028 (2013).
Copyright (c) 2024 Amerta Nutrition
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
AMERTA NUTR by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
4. The Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
