AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK MIKROALGA Thalassiosira sp TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium Acne
Downloads
Abstrak
Pengembangan obat dan kosmetik dari biota laut kini tengah terjadi di dunia farmasi. Mikroalga Thalassiosira sp merupakan jenis mikroalga yang memiliki kandungan senyawa-senyawa bioaktif. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bawa mikroalga memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak mikroalga Thalassiosira sp terhadap 3 bakteri yaitu staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis dan propionibakterium Acne di fasa n-heksan, etil asetat dan etanol. Ketiga bakteri ini dapat menyebabkan infeksi kulit. Mikroalga Thalassiosira sp dikultivasi menggunakan medium walne dan di panen pada hari ke-6 setelah penanaman. Pemanen mikroalga dilakukan dengan teknik sentrifuga. Ektrak dilakukan dengan cara maserasi bertingkat selama 3 x 24 jam. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi kertas cakram atau metode disc diffusion menurut Kirby-Bauer. Hasil ekstrak mikroalga Thalassiosira sp diperoleh paling banyak pada ekstrak etanol sebanyak 24,24%(b/b), ektrak etil asetat sebanyak 19,75%(b/b) dan paling sedikit adalah ekstrak heksan sebanyak 8,64% (b/b). Hasil uji difusi menunjukkan ekstrak n-heksan, etil asetat dan etanol mikroalga Thalassiosira sp memiliki aktivitas terhadap bakteri staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis dan propionibakterium Acne yang ditunjukan dengan adanya zona bening.
Kata kunci: mikroalga, Thalassiosira sp, antibakteri, infeksi kulit, metode difusi
Abstract
Development drugs and cosmetics from marine biota is now being happened in pharmacy word. Microalgae Thalassiosira sp is a type of microalgae that has a bioactive compounds. Several previous studies have shown the existence of microalgae which have antibacterial activity. This study aimed to study the antibacterial activity of extracts of microalgae Thalassiosira sp against 3 bacteria which is staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacterium acne in the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol phases. These three bacteria can cause skin infections. Microalgae Thalassiosira sp was cultivated using walne medium and harvested on the 7th day after planting. Microalgae harvesters are carried out by centrifuge techniques. The extract is done by multilevel maceration for 3 x 24 hours. Antibacterial testing was carried out by the paper diffusion method or Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. The results of the crude extract of microalgae Thalassiosira sp were obtained at most in ethanol extract as much as 24.24% (w/w), extract of ethyl acetate at 19.75% (w / w) and at least hexane extract at 8.64% (w/w). The diffusion test results for n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol microalgae Thalassiosira sp extract have activity on staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacterium acne which are supported by clear zones.
Keywords: mikroalge, Thalassiosira sp, antibacteria, skin infection, diffusion method
Daftar Pustaka
Andersen, R. (2005): Algal Culturing Techniques, Elsevier Academic press, United Kingdom. 21-82.
Barsanti, L., dan Gualteri, P. (2006): Algae Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, CRC Taylor and Francis. USA.
Bartlett, J.G. (2007): Staphylococcus epidermidis [Online]. Tersedia: http://prod.hopkinsabxguide.org/pathogens/bacteria/aerobic_grampositive_cocci/staphylococcus_epidermidis.html?contentInstan ceId=2558 70 (15 Juli 2008).
Brook, I. (2001): Recorvery of Anaerobic Bacteria From Four Children With Postthoracotomy Sternal Wound Infection Pediatrics.
Desbois, A.P. & Smith, V.J. (2010) :Antibacterial free fatty acids: activities, mechanisms of action and biotechnological potential, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 85(6). 1629-1642.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2000). Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat, Direktorat Jenderal Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, Jakarta.
Dewi, Rosmaya. (2017): Produktivitas Minyak dan Kandungan Asam Lemak Thalassiosira sp. yang di Kultivasi dengan Makronutrien Pupuk, Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan. 2(2). 222-234.
Dwijendra, I Made et al, (2014): Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Karakterisasi Senyawa Fraksi Spons Lamellodysidea herbacea Yang diperoleh dariTeluk Manado. Jurnal Pharmacon, 3 (4), 1-10
Khamidah, Umi,. Fasya, A.G,. & Romaidi. (2014): Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Mikroalga Chlorella sp. Pada Fase Stasioner Hasil Kultivasi Dalam Medium Ekstrak Tauge (MET). Alchemy. 3(1). 1-7.
Kurnia, Dewi,. Asri, Revi,. Dinata, Deden Indra,. Nurachman Zeily,. (2018).:Analisis Asam Lemak Mikroalga Laut Chlorella sp. Pada Medium Modifikasi dengan Kromatografi Gas Spektrometri Massa.Journal of Pharmacopolium.1(1). 1-8
Nuria, Cut Maulita,. Arvin Faizatun,. Sumantri,. (2009): Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25023,Escheria coli ATCC 25922 dan Salmonella thypi ATCC 1408
Ramdanawati, Liska,. Kurnia, Dewi,. Tyas, Vita Aji Kusumaning,. Nurachman, Zeily,. (2018): Analisis Komposisi Asam Lemak dari Mikroalga Laut Navicula salinicola. Alkimia.6(2). 141-149
Panjaitan, Riong Seulina,. Warganegara, Fida Madayani,. (2017): Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Lipid Sargasum polycistum terhadap Bacillus cereus dan Staphylococcus Aereus. Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan. 3(3). 29-39.
Pradhan, J., Das, S & Das Kumar, B. (2014): Antibacterial activity of freshwater microalgae: A review, African Journal of Pharmacy and ,Doi: 10.5897/AJPP2013.0002.
Santhi, Agatha Vilma,. (2007): Potensi Antibakteri Fraksi Kloroform-Etanol-Asam Asetat dari Ekstrak Etil Asetat Kulit Batang Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana L, Willd) terhadap Staphylococcus aereus. Skripsi: Universitas Sangata Dharma, Yogyakarta.
Santhosh, S., Dhandapani, R., & Hemalatha, N. (2016): Bioactive compounds from Microalgae and its different applications-a review. Advances in Applied Science Research. 7(4). 153-158.
Shannon, E. & Nissreen A.G. (2016): Antibacterial derivatives of marine algae: An Overview of pharmacological mechanisms. Mar. Drug. 14(4). doi:10.3390/md14040081.
Widyana, W. Khotimah, S. & Lovadi, I. (2014): Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Lumut Octoblepharum albidium Hedw terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Jurnal Protobiont. 3(2). 166-170.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
1. By submitting the article to Jurnal Kimia Riset (JKR), the author has agreed to transfer some of the copyrights to the publisher of the research chemistry journal, Universitas Airlangga, indicated in the Copyright Transfer Agreement.
2. Authors still retain significant rights to use and share their own published articles for non-commercial purposes subject to Creative Commons Attribution-NonComercial 4.0 International License
3. All publications (printed/electronic) are open access for educational purposes, research, library, and other non-commercial purposes. Besides the purposes mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violations.
