Relationship between Sleep Quality and Stress on Adolescent's Eating Patterns at Kota Kediri during Pandemic of COVID-19
Downloads
Background: The transition from face-to-face classes to online classes is part of the education sector's strategy to comply with health protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this affects the sleep quality and stress levels in students. As many as 70% of high school students in East Java have poor sleep quality and only 30% have good sleep quality. Stress in adolescents is aggravated by limited access to tourism places, shopping centers, places of worship, sports grounds, and also meeting peers which are places to release stress. Poor sleep quality and stress levels increase the risk of eating pattern. Research data shows that during the pandemic of COVID-19, adolescents's eating patterns were disrupted, such as frequent snacking and eating high-calorie foods. A good diet during a pandemic is not only to shape nutritional status in the future but more importantly to maintain and increase body immunity to avoid transmission of the COVID-19 virus.
Objective: This study aims to describe the quality of sleep, stress levels, and eating patterns of adolescents in Kota Kediri during pandemic of COVID-19 and to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and stress levels with eating patterns of adolescents in Kota Kediri during pandemic of COVID-19.
Methods: This research was a cross-sectional observational study. The variables of this study were sleep quality, stress levels, and eating patterns. The instruments used were a respondent's characteristics questionnaire (gender, age, school, and address), sleep quality questionnaire, PSS-10 questionnaire to assess stress levels, and SQ-FFQ form with frequency of meals a day to assess eating patterns. The research locations were selected based on simple random sampling, that are SMAN 1, 3, and 4 Kediri City. The total sample is 101 students and divided based on proportional random sampling.
Results: The results showed that 55 students (54.5%) had poor sleep quality, 46 students (45.5%) were classified having a mild level of stress, and 71 students (70.4%) had an adequate diet during pandemic of COVID-19. The results of the relationship test showed that there is a relationship between sleep quality and adequate eating patterns (p value = 0.007), and there is also a relationship between stress levels and the respondent's eating pattern (p value = 0.020).
Conclusions: Poor sleep quality and mild stress levels have a relationship with adequate eating patterns in adolescents in the city of Kediri during pandemic of COVID-19.
Almatsier, S. (2010). Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Anindya, P. (2021). Gambaran Insomnia di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Dewasa Awal Usia 18-25 Tahun di Kecamatan Serengen. Surakarta. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Andreou, E., Alexopoulos, E., Lionis, C., Vaarvogli, L., Gnardellis, C., Chrousos, G., Darviri, C. (2013) Perceived Stress Scale: Reliability and Validity Study in Greece. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8, pp. 87–98. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316221.
Fahriza, I., Rayaginansih, S.F. and Agustina, E.R. (2020) Coping Strategies to Increase Adolescent Emotional Intelligence in the Pandemic Covid-19. Teraputik : Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling, 4(1), pp. 1–6. Available at: https://doi.org/10.26539/teraputik.41280.
Haryanti, D. (2020). Insomnia Selama Pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 9(2), pp. 1111–1116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.483.
Islam, M., Barna, S., Raihan, H., Khan, M., Hossain, M. (2020). Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey. PLoS ONE, 15, pp. 1–12. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238162.
Jumiarni. (2018). Perbandingan Kualitas Tidur Menggunakan Skala Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Pada Pasien Gangguan Cemas Yang Mendapat Terapi Benzodiazepine Jangka Panjang dan Jangka Pendek. Energies, 6(1), pp. 1–8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reuma.2018.06.001
Katmawanti, S., Supriyadi and Setyorini, I. (2019). Hubungan Pola Makan dan Aktivitas Fisik dengan Status Gizi Siswi Kelas VII SMP Negeri (Full Day School). Preventia, 4(2), pp. 119–128.
Lee, E.H. (2013). Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. Asian Nursing Research, 6(4), pp. 121–127. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2012.08.004.
López-Bueno, R. et al. (2020). COVID-19 Confinement and Health Risk Behaviors in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, pp. 1–10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01426.
Manchia, M., Gathier, A., Yapici-Eser, H., Schmidt, M., Amelsvoort, T., Bisson, J., Cryan, J., Howes, O., Pinto, L., Domschke, K., Branchi, I., Vinkers, C. (2022). The impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on stress resilience and mental health: A critical review across waves. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 55, pp. 22–83. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.10.864.
Marfuah, D., Hadi, H. and Huriyati, E. (2016). Durasi dan kualitas tidur hubungannya dengan obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar di Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten Bantul. Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics), 1(2), p. 93. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21927/ijnd.2013.1(2).93-101.
Nabawiyah, H., Khusniyati, Z., Damayanti, A., Naufalina, M. (2021). Hubungan pola makan, aktivitas fisik, kualitas tidur dengan status gizi santriwati Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor Putri 1. Darussalam Nutrition Journal, 5(1), p. 80. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21111/dnj.v5i1.5876.
National Sleep Foundation. (2021). Sleep in a Time of Pandemic. Available at: www.thensf.org/ (Accessed: 20 August 2021).
Nurwijayanti, N. (2018). Pola Makan,Kebiasaan Sarapan dan Status Gizi Berhubungan Dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa SMK di Kota Kediri. Care : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan, 6(1), p. 54. Available at: https://doi.org/10.33366/cr.v6i1.809.
Ponggeng, D. (2021). Hubungan Stres Terhadap Pola Makan Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Indonesia. Jakarta. Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
Menteri Kesehatan RI. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republic Indonesia Nomor 25 Tahun 2014 Tentang Upaya Kesehatan Anak.
Son, C, Hegde S, Smith A, Wang X, Sasangohar F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on college students' mental health in the United States: Interview survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9). Available at: https://doi.org/10.2196/21279.
The Sleep Charity. (2019). How Long Should It Take To Fall Sleep. Available at: https://thesleepcharity.org.uk/ (Accessed: 20 August 2023).
Tsaava, M., Oniani, N., Eliozishvili, M., Sakhelashvili, I., Tkemaladze, N., Aladashvili, T., Basishvili, T., Darchia, N. (2022). Age-Based Differences in Sleep Quality, Pre-Sleep Arousal, and Psychosocial Factors during the Second Wave Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Georgia”A Higher Vulnerability of Younger People. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), pp. 1–10. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316221.
Walikota Kediri. 2021. Peraturan Walikota Kediri Nomor 9 Tahun 2021 Tentang Perubahan Ketiga Atas Peraturan Walikota Kediri Nomor 32 Tahun 2020 Tentang Penerapan Disiplin dan Penegakan Hukum Protokol Kesehatan Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Corona Virus Disease 2019.
Wang G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Jiang F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395(10228), pp. 945–947. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X.
Wearick-Silva, L.E. et al. (2022). Sleep quality among parents and their children during COVID-19 pandemic. Jornal de Pediatria, 98(3), pp. 248–255. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2021.07.002.
Wijayanti, A., Margawati, A. and Wijayanti, H.S. (2019). Hubungan Stres, Perilaku Makan, Dan Asupan Zat Gizi Dengan Status Gizi Pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir. Journal of Nutrition College, 8(1), p. 1. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v8i1.23807.
Copyright (c) 2023 Alya Pradnyaparamita, Lailatul Muniroh, Dominikus Raditya Atmaka
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Media Gizi Kesmas by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright and to retain the publishing right of the article without restrictions.
2. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
3. The Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violations.
