PENGEMBANGAN KADER SEKOLAH MENENGAH UNTUK MENURUNKAN INSIDEN THALASSEMIA DI KABUPATEN BULAK, SURABAYA
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Thalaasemia merupakan penyakit genetik yang menyebabkan penurunan atau ketiadaan hemoglobin, yang disebabkan oleh mutasi genetik pada gen α dan/atau gen β globin. Gejala utamanya adalah anemia yang bervariasi dari sedang hingga berat yang memerlukan transfusi rutin setiap bulan. Memutus mata rantai atau pencegahan thalassemia adalah satu-satunya cara dalam menangani penyakit genetik ini. Selain itu, karena perkawinan usia muda (10-24 tahun) merupakan hal yang umum di Indonesia, maka diperlukan edukasi mengenai pengenalan status dan risiko penyakit ini sejak usia dini, sebelum menikah, untuk menghentikan bayi baru lahir penderita thalassemia mayor. Mengatasi masalah di atas membutuhkan penyebaran informasi dan pelatihan yang berkelanjutan. Salah satunya adalah SAHABAT THALER, yaitu: gerakan kader mahasiswa yang paham dan siap menyebarkan ilmu ke lingkungan dan sesama. Memanfaatkan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler seperti OSIS, PMR, Rohis, dll, diharapkan pengetahuan tentang Thalasemia dapat disebarluaskan secara efektif dan efisien, terutama kepada individu usia subur. Kegiatan inisiasi ini diawali dengan pelatihan online untuk 20 kader mahasiswa dan 1 dosen pembimbing. Pelatihan diberikan oleh para ahli Farmakologi Molekuler, Patologi Klinik, Psikiatri, dan orang tua penderita Thalassemia. Pelatihan tersebut meliputi mengenal dasar-dasar Thalassemia, terapi dan skrining Thalassemia, pentingnya donor darah, aspek psikososial Thalassemia, dan berbagi pengalaman orang tua penderita Thalassemia. Para kader kemudian dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok kecil dan dipandu oleh fasilitator untuk kemudian menonton film dokumenter tentang Thalassemia dan membuat proyek mandiri yang selanjutnya disebarluaskan kepada 83 rekan sejawat. Respon lengkap yang diterima berjumlah 17 dari 20 kader, dengan 35,29% responden pernah mendengar tentang Thalassemia dan tidak ada yang memiliki keluarga atau teman dengan Thalassamia. Namun mereka memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang Thalassemia sebelum pelatihan baik (rata-rata 90,16%, kisaran 66,67-100%) dan meningkat setelah pelatihan (rata-rata 91,67%, kisaran 83,33-100%). Usai pelatihan, empat produk yang terdiri dari dua video, satu Instagram, dan satu poster dibuat dan disebarluaskan kepada rekan sebaya. Pembinaan kader kelompok sebaya diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran penyakit genetik dan pentingnya skrining pranikah.
Kata Kunci: kader SMU, Thalassemia, Teman Sebaya
Abstract
Thalassemia is a genetic disease that causes decreasing or absence of hemoglobin, caused by a genetic mutation in the alpha gene or/and beta-globin gene. The main symptom is anemia which varies from moderate to severe which requires regular transfusions every month. Breaking the chain of Thalassemia or prevention is the only way in dealing with this genetic disease. Moreover, since young marriage (10-24 years) is common in Indonesia, education is needed regarding the recognition of the status and risk of this disease from an early age, before marriage, to stop the newborn with Thalassemia major. Addressing the above problems requires continuous information dissemination and training. One of these efforts is SAHABAT THALER, which is the movement of student cadres who understand and are ready to spread knowledge to the environment and peers. Taking advantage of extracurricular activities, knowledge of Thalassemia is expected to be effectively and efficiently disseminated, especially to individuals of childbearing age. This initiation activity began with online training for 20 student cadres and 1 supervisor. Training is provided by experts in Molecular Pharmacology, Clinical Pathology, Psychiatry, and parents of Thalassemia patients. The training includes getting to know the basics of Thalassemia, therapy, and screening for Thalassemia, the importance of blood donation, psychosocial aspects of Thalassemia, and sharing experiences of parents with Thalassemia. The cadres were then divided into 4 small groups and guided by the facilitator to then watch a documentary film about Thalassemia and create an independent project which was further disseminated to 83 peers. From 20 cadres, 17 complete response was received. From the response, 35.29% ever hear about Thalassemia and no one has family or friends with Thalassemia. However, they have a good knowledge of Thalassemia before the training is good (mean 90.16%, range 66.67-100%) and increase after the training (mean 91.67%, range 83.33-100%). After the training, four products which are two videos, one Instagram, and one poster were created and disseminated to the peers. The development of peer group cadres is necessary to increase the awareness of the genetic disease and the importance of pre-marital screening.
Keyword: High School cadre, Peers, Thalassemia
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