Aktivitas Fisik untuk Mencegah Premenstrual Syndrome: Sistematik Review
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Latar Belakang: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) merupakan kumpulan gejala fisik, emosi, dan perilaku pada wanita usia produktif, biasanya terjadi pada fase luteal sebelum mentruasi. Gejala yang parah dapat menggangu aktivitas harian seorang wanita Hal ini terjadi akibat adanya beberapa faktor penyebab seperti hormon yang fluktuatif, status gizi wanita dan gaya hidup termasuk olahraga yang teratur. Pada kondisi mengalami PMS dengan melakukan olahraga mampu melepaskan senyawa dalam tubuh yang memberikan perbaikan gejala PMS sehingga menjadikan olahraga sebagai salah satu terapi yang direkomendasi dalam managemen gejala PMS.
Tujuan: Systematic review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai jenis olahraga dan durasi olahraga yang dapat digunakan dalam pencegahan kejadian PMS.
Ulasan: Sebanyak 749 artikel berhasil diidentifikasi dari tiga database yaitu Pubmed, Science Direct, dan Scopus. Didapatkan 12 penelitian berdasarkan kriteria inklusi untuk diikutsertakan kedalam systematic review. Hasil telaah dari 12 artikel menunjukkan bahwa wanita dengan PMS memiliki gejala PMS yang lebih rendah setelah melakukan olahraga ringan, sedang, hingga berat. Beberapa jenis olahraga yang terbukti menurunkan PMS adalah berbagai olahraga aerobik seperti senam, zumba, bersepeda, lari, renang, latihan relaksasi, yoga, latihan beban, whole body vibration. Durasi minimal untuk merasakan manfaat olahraga dilakukan selama 4 minggu. Durasi yang lebih lama menunjukkan hasil yang efektif.
Kesimpulan: Berbagai jenis olahraga dari olahraga ringan hingga berat serta durasi yang bervariasi minimal dilakukan selama 4 minggu terbukti menurunkan gejala PMS pada wanita. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa olahraga dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu rekomendasi terapi PMS bagi wanita.
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