Sweet Threshold and Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in Adolescents at Surabaya Indonesia
Ambang Rasa Manis dan Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa Pada Remaja di Surabaya Indonesia
Downloads
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Based on Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus diagnosed by doctors among the Indonesian population aged 15-24 years was 0.1%. The increase in blood glucose levels can be caused by high sugar consumption triggered by a high sweet taste threshold.
Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate a relationship between the sweet threshold and fasting blood glucose levels in adolescents at Surabaya Indonesia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 97 individuals selected through simple random sampling. The sweet taste threshold was carried out using three-alternative forced-choice (3-AFC) method. The sweet threshold was categorized as high if the sample could only answer <4 questions, while the normal category was defined as those who could answer >4 questions. Blood glucose measurements were performed by medical personnel using a glucometer, with a fasting blood glucose level of >100mg/dL considered high. Analysis was carried out using the Chi Square statistical test.
Results: The results indicated that 12.4% of the respondents had a high sweet taste threshold, while 10.3% of the respondents had high fasting blood sugar levels. The results showed that there was no relationship between the sweet taste threshold and fasting blood glucose levels (p-value = 0.210).
Conclusions: There is no relationship between the sweet taste threshold and fasting blood sugar levels in adolescents at Pondok Pesantren Subulussalam Surabaya. Respondents with high GDP levels should undergo further examination to facilitate early intervention and promote healthier lifestyles.
Keywords: Taste Threshold, Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting Blood Glucose Level, Adolescent
Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia. Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dewasa di Indonesia 2021. PB Perkeni www.ginasthma.org. (2021).
Alam. S. et al. Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from Epidemiology. Biochemistry. Risk Factors. Diagnosis. Complications and Comprehensive Management. Diabetology 2. 36–50 (2021).
Gaidhane. S. et al. Risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus among adolescents from rural area of India. J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care 6. 600–604 (2017).
Jensen. E. T. & Dabelea. D. Type 2 Diabetes in Youth: New Lessons from the SEARCH Study. Current Diabetes Reports vol. 18 at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-0997-1 (2018).
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 9th ed. International Diabetes Federation https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en/ (2019).
Tönnies. T.. Hoyer. A. & Brinks. R. Productivity-adjusted life years lost due to type 2 diabetes in Germany in 2020 and 2040. Diabetologia 64. 1288–1297 (2021).
Tseng. T.-S. et al. Sugar intake from sweetened beverages and diabetes: A narrative review. World J. Diabetes 12. 1530–1538 (2021).
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2013).
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Hasil Utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Riset Kesehatan Dasar vol. 44 http://arxiv.org/abs/1011.1669%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/44/8/085201%0Ahttp://stacks.iop.org/1751-8121/44/i=8/a=085201?key=crossref.abc74c979a75846b3de48a5587bf708f (2018).
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu Indonesia 2014. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (2014).
Petty. S.. Salame. C.. Mennella. J. A. & Pepino. M. Y. Relationship between sucrose taste detection thresholds and preferences in children. adolescents. and adults. Nutrients 12. 1–10 (2020).
Wasalathanthri. S.. Hettiarachchi. P. & Prathapan. S. Sweet taste sensitivity in pre-diabetics. diabetics and normoglycemic controls: A comparative cross sectional study. BMC Endocr. Disord. 14. 1–7 (2014).
Tsujimoto. T. et al. Sweet taste disorder and vascular complications in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance. Int. J. Cardiol. 221. 637–641 (2016).
Overberg. J.. Hummel. T.. Krude. H. & Wiegand. S. Differences in taste sensitivity between obese and non-obese children and adolescents. Arch. Dis. Child. 97. 1048–1052 (2012).
Farapti. F.. Sari. A. N.. Fadilla. C. & Issa. Z. M. Association between taste sensitivity. taste preference. and obesity: study of healthy snacks in children aged 9–14 years. Food Prod. Process. Nutr. 6. 1–10 (2024).
Sińska. B. I. et al. Sensitivity to Sweet and Salty Tastes in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Nutrients 15. 1–10 (2023).
Wallace. A. S.. Wang. D.. Shin. J. I. & Selvin. E. Screening and diagnosis of prediabetes and diabetes in us children and adolescents. Pediatrics 146. 1–8 (2020).
Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 Tentang Standar Antropometri Anak. 1–78 (2020).
Syifadhiya. Q. & Farapti. F. Association between Salty Taste Threshold and Hypertension among Adolescents in Surabaya. Amerta Nutr. 7. 487–493 (2023).
Farapti. F.. Fadilla. C.. Hasanatuludhhiyah. N.. Rezeki. P. S. & Miftahussurur. M. Ageing is Correlated to Salt Taste Threshold among Elderly. Sains Malaysiana 51. 3857–3864 (2022).
Han. P.. Mohebbi. M.. Seo. H. S. & Hummel. T. Sensitivity to sweetness correlates to elevated reward brain responses to sweet and high-fat food odors in young healthy volunteers. Neuroimage 208. 116413 (2020).
Pulungan. A. B.. Afifa. I. T. & Annisa. D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescent: An Indonesian perspective. Ann. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 23. 119–125 (2018).
Júrez-Lápez. C. et al. Insulin resistance and its association with the components of the metabolic syndrome among obese children and adolescents. BMC Public Health 10. (2010).
Itriyeva. K. The effects of obesity on the menstrual cycle. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Heal. Care 52. 1–10 (2022).
Rodriguez. B. C. et al. Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes in Female and Male Youth. Clin. Diabetes 41. 239–243 (2023).
Salmela-Aro. K. Stages of Adolescence. in Encyclopedia of Adolescence vol. 1 360–368 (Elsevier Inc.. 2011).
Cheng. T. S.. Day. F. R.. Lakshman. R. & Ong. K. K. Association of puberty timing with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta analysis. PLoS Med. 17. 1–20 (2020).
Chowdhury. S. Puberty and type 1 diabetes. Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab. 19. 51–54 (2015).
National Academies of Sciences. Engineering. and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; Board on Children. Youth. and F. C. on the N. and S. S. of A. D. and I. A. Adolescent Development. in The Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth (eds. Backes. E. & Bonnie. R.) (National Academies Press. 2019).
Bawajeeh. A.. Zulyniak. M. A.. Evans. C. E. L. & Cade. J. E. Characterizing Adolescents’ Dietary Intake by Taste: Results From the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Front. Nutr. 9. 1–14 (2022).
Lestari. A.. Fakhira. A.. Ismiana. A. & Annisaa. A. Fast Food Consumption Behavior in Adolescents. Muhammadiyah Int. Public Heal. Med. Proceeding 1. 607–616 (2021).
Kandinasti. S. & Farapti. F. The Different Intake of Energy and Macronutrient on Weekdays and Weekend among Adolescent in Urban City. Indian J. Public Heal. Res. Dev. 10. 401–406 (2019).
Pavitasari. A.. Farapti. F.. Rachmah. Q. & Kalpana. C. A. Fiber Intake and Vegan Lifestyle Behaviour on Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Case-Control Study. Curr. Diabetes Rev. 19. 1–9 (2023).
Parkkola. A. et al. Family history of type 2 diabetes and characteristics of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 64. 581–590 (2021).
Lundgren. V. M.. Andersen. M. K.. Isomaa. B. & Tuomi. T. Family history of Type 1 diabetes affects insulin secretion in patients with ‘Type 2’ diabetes. Diabet. Med. 30. 10–12 (2013).
Bahrami. E. et al. Insulin and leptin levels in overweight and normal-weight Iranian adolescents: The CASPIAN-III study. J. Res. Med. Sci. 19. 387–390 (2014).
Correa-Burrows. P. et al. Leptin status in adolescence is associated with academic performance in high school: A cross-sectional study in a Chilean birth cohort. BMJ Open 6. 1–11 (2016).
Jeon. S. et al. Taste Sensitivity of Elderly People Is Associated with Quality of Life and Inadequate Dietary Intake. Nutrients 13. 1–14 (2021).
Yoo. S. E. et al. Increasing prevalence of fasting hyperglycemia in adolescents aged 10–18 years and its relationship with metabolic indicators: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (KNHANES). 2007– 2018. Ann. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 27. 60–68 (2022).
Bonsembiante. L.. Targher. G. & Maffeis. C. Type 2 diabetes and dietary carbohydrate intake of adolescents and young adults: What is the impact of different choices? Nutrients 13. 1–18 (2021).
Copyright (c) 2024 Amerta Nutrition
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
AMERTA NUTR by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
4. The Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
