Pemberian Asi Terhadap Komposisi Tubuh Pada Bayi Prematur: A Systematic Literature Review
Latar Belakang: Bayi prematur memiliki risiko lebih tinggi daripada bayi cukup bulan terkait perkembangan sindrom metabolik dan gangguan kognitif. Pemberian ASI telah direkomendasikan sebagai makanan alami untuk bayi prematur dan sebagai strategi ekonomi untuk mengurangi penyakit dan beban ekonomi. Mempertimbangkan pertumbuhan bayi premature dan komposisi tubuh saat keluar dari rumah sakit merupakan hal yang sangat sensitive dan penting untuk dilakukan perawatan selanjutnya
Tujuan: Bertujuan untuk memberikan pembaruan pengetahuan tentang pemberian ASI terhadap komposisi tubuh pada bayi premature.
Metode: Metode dalam penelitian ini ialah metode SLR (Systematic Literature Review). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mendokumentasi semua artikel yang memiliki penelitian serupa pada laporan penelitian ini. Artikel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 17 artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional yang diperoleh dari google scholar dan Pubmed.
Hasil: Pemberian ASI pada bayi prematur berhubungan positif dengan deposisi massa bebas lemak sehingga berkontribusi pada komposisi tubuh dan dapat mencegah obesitas serta menghambat kerugian pada perkembangan sel saraf, pemberian ASI mendukung pertumbuhan yang optimal setelah keluar dari unit perawatan intensif, komposisi tubuh bayi prematur berubah selama pemberian ASI pada usia yang dikoreksi cukup bulan sehingga dapat berkontribusi pada menurunkan faktor risiko sindrom metabolik pada awal dewasa.
Kesimpulan: Pemberian ASI pada bayi prematur lebih lambat dalam menaikkan berat badan dibandingkan susu formula dan lebih baik dalam pemulihan komposisi tubuh melalui promosi deposisi massa bebas lemak sehingga dapat menyebabkan peningkatan hasil metabolisme dan perkembangan saraf. Promosi ASI dan dukungan pemberian ASI menjadi prioritas dalam perawatan bayi prematur.
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