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Benefits of Tiwai Onion (Eleutherine americana) Extract as Phytopharmaceutical Plant to Inhibit the Growth of Vibrio harveyi Through in-Vitro and in-Vivo
Corresponding Author(s) : Azis Azis
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Highlights
- Eleutherine americana was a plant that was known to contain antibacterial alkaloids, steroids, phenolics, and flavonoids
- Eleutherine americana extract was able to inhibit the development of V. harveyi both through in vitro and in vivo tests on tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).
- The use of vibriosis antibiotics in tiger shrimp was often not controlled so the results obtained were not effective
Abstract
The use of vibriosis antibiotics in tiger shrimp was often not controlled, so the results obtained were not effective. The addition of antibiotics would cause resistance to V. harveyi. Eleutherine americana is a plant that is known to contain antibacterial alkaloids, steroids, phenols, and flavonoids. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of inhibitory effects of E. americana extract against V. harveyi through in-vitro and in-vivo tests on tiger shrimp larvae. In-vitro testing consisted of 7 treatments and 3 replications, namely treatments A (0.1%), B (0.2%), C (0.3%), D (0.4%), E (0, 5%), F ethanol 70% (K-), and G chloramphenicol 0.01% (K +) treatment. The largest inhibition zone diameter of E. americana extract was shown in treatment C (0.3%), with an average value of the inhibition zone produced of 7.5 mm. Challenge test with V. harveyi concentration of 107 CFU / ml in the in-vivo test consisted of 5 treatments and four replications namely; A treatment without E. americana extract, B extract 6 ppm, C extract 12 ppm, D extract 18 ppm, and treatment E without extract and V. harveyi. The results of the challenge test with V. harveyi bacteria were significantly different in control (chloramphenicol 0.01%), where the highest survival rate was in the treatment of 12 ppm extract (43.34%). E. americana extract could inhibit the development of V. harveyi bacteria both through in-vitro and in-vivo tests on tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon).
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- Angka, S.L. (2005). Kajian Penyakit Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) pada Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias sp.): Patologi, Pencegahan dan Pengobatannya Dengan Fitofarmaka. [Disertasi]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. 141 hal.
- Arora, D. S. & Bhardwaj. (1997). Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants, Geobios 24: 127-131
- Azis. (2017). Efektivitas Daya Hambat Ekstrak Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine americana) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Harpodon Borneo, 10(1): 1-7.
- Bell, W. J., & Carde, R. T. (1984). Chemical Ecology Of Insect. Massachusetts: Sinauer Ass. Inc. Publ. Sunderland.
- Cahyadi, J., Satriani, G. I., Gusman, E., & Sabri, S. (2018). Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Buah Mangrove (Sonneratia alba) Sebagai Bioenrichment Pakan Alami Artemia salina. Jurnal Borneo Saintek, 1(3). e-journal; http://ojs.borneo.ac.id/ojs/index.php/JBS/article/view/384
- Cahyadi, J., Satriani, I. G., & Gusman, E. (2017). Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Sonneratia alba Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Pada Artemia Salina. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Saling Didik IV. Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Vol. 2. ISSN 2548-9615.
- Galingging, R. Y. (2009). Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine palmifolia) Sebagai Tanaman Obat Multifungsi. Warta Penelitian dan Pengembangan, 15(3): 2 – 4.
- Harborne, J. B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K & Soedira, I. Edisi Kedua. Bandung: ITB Press.
- Harlis. (2010). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Patikan Kerbau (Euphorbia hirta L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli. Jambi: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Jambi.
- Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg. (2007). Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Alih bahasa: Hartanto, H., et al. Ed.23. Jakarta: Penerbit Kedokteran EGC.
- Kusuma, I. W., Arung, E. T., Rosamah, E., Purwatiningsih, S., Kuspradini, H., Syafrizal, Astuti, J., Kim, Y. & Shimizu, K. (2010). Antidermatophyte and antimelanogenesis compound from Eleutherine. Journal of Natural Medicines, 64(2): 223-226.
- Mayer, G. (2011). Bacteriology Antibiotics - Protein Synthesis, Nucleic Acid synthesis and Metabolism. Microbiology and Immunology. University of South Carolina School of Medicine. pp 1 - 7.
- Paliling, A., Posangi, J., & Anindita, P. S. (2016). UjiDaya Hambat Ekstrak Bunga Cengkeh (Syzgyum aromaticum) Terhadap Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Jurnal eGiGi, 4(2): 230-233.
- Pelczar, Michael, J., & Chan, E. C. S. (2008). Dasar-Dasar Mikroorganisme. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press.
- Rosidah, & Afizia, W. M.. (2012). Potensi Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji sebagai Antibakterial untuk Menanggulangi Serangan Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Gurame (Osphronemus gouramy Lacepede). Jurnal Akuatika, 3(1): 19-27.
- Rukyani, A. (1993). Penanggulangan Penyakit Udang Windu Penaeus monodon. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian Perikanan Budidaya Pantai, Maros. pp 1-8.
- Sabir, A. (2003). Pemanfaatan Flavonoid di Bidang Kedokteran Gigi. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi. Edisi Khusus Temu Ilmiah Nasional III. Surabaya: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi UNAIR. pp 81–87.
- Saptiani, G., & Hartini. (2008, November). Daya hambat dan daya lindung ekstrak daun sirih (Piper bettle L) terhadap bakteri Vibrio harveyi secara in vitro dan in vivo pada post larva udang windu (Penaeus monodon F.). Makalah dipresentasikan pada Indonesian Aquaculture (Indoaqua),Yogyakarta.
- Satriani, I. G., Cahyadi, J., Gusman, E., & Juliana, E. N. (2017). Ekstraksi etanol buah pedada (Sonneratia alba) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio harveyii secara invitro. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kelautan Perikanan IV. Kupang: Fakultas Kelautan Dan Perikanan Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang. Undana Press.
- Stout, R. T., & Davis, W. W. (1971). Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay. Aplplied Microbiology, 22(4): 666-670.
- Volk, W. A. & Wheeler, M. F. (1990). Mikrobiologi Dasar Jilid II. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
- Wostmann, R., & Liebezeid, G. (2008). Chemical Composition of the Mangrove Holly Acanthus Ilicifolius (Acanthaceae) - Review and Additional Data. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 38 (1): 31 - 37.
References
Angka, S.L. (2005). Kajian Penyakit Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) pada Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias sp.): Patologi, Pencegahan dan Pengobatannya Dengan Fitofarmaka. [Disertasi]. Bogor: Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. 141 hal.
Arora, D. S. & Bhardwaj. (1997). Antibacterial Activity of Some Medicinal Plants, Geobios 24: 127-131
Azis. (2017). Efektivitas Daya Hambat Ekstrak Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine americana) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Harpodon Borneo, 10(1): 1-7.
Bell, W. J., & Carde, R. T. (1984). Chemical Ecology Of Insect. Massachusetts: Sinauer Ass. Inc. Publ. Sunderland.
Cahyadi, J., Satriani, G. I., Gusman, E., & Sabri, S. (2018). Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Buah Mangrove (Sonneratia alba) Sebagai Bioenrichment Pakan Alami Artemia salina. Jurnal Borneo Saintek, 1(3). e-journal; http://ojs.borneo.ac.id/ojs/index.php/JBS/article/view/384
Cahyadi, J., Satriani, I. G., & Gusman, E. (2017). Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Sonneratia alba Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Pada Artemia Salina. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Saling Didik IV. Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Vol. 2. ISSN 2548-9615.
Galingging, R. Y. (2009). Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine palmifolia) Sebagai Tanaman Obat Multifungsi. Warta Penelitian dan Pengembangan, 15(3): 2 – 4.
Harborne, J. B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan. Diterjemahkan oleh Padmawinata, K & Soedira, I. Edisi Kedua. Bandung: ITB Press.
Harlis. (2010). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Patikan Kerbau (Euphorbia hirta L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli. Jambi: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Jambi.
Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg. (2007). Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Alih bahasa: Hartanto, H., et al. Ed.23. Jakarta: Penerbit Kedokteran EGC.
Kusuma, I. W., Arung, E. T., Rosamah, E., Purwatiningsih, S., Kuspradini, H., Syafrizal, Astuti, J., Kim, Y. & Shimizu, K. (2010). Antidermatophyte and antimelanogenesis compound from Eleutherine. Journal of Natural Medicines, 64(2): 223-226.
Mayer, G. (2011). Bacteriology Antibiotics - Protein Synthesis, Nucleic Acid synthesis and Metabolism. Microbiology and Immunology. University of South Carolina School of Medicine. pp 1 - 7.
Paliling, A., Posangi, J., & Anindita, P. S. (2016). UjiDaya Hambat Ekstrak Bunga Cengkeh (Syzgyum aromaticum) Terhadap Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Jurnal eGiGi, 4(2): 230-233.
Pelczar, Michael, J., & Chan, E. C. S. (2008). Dasar-Dasar Mikroorganisme. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press.
Rosidah, & Afizia, W. M.. (2012). Potensi Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji sebagai Antibakterial untuk Menanggulangi Serangan Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Gurame (Osphronemus gouramy Lacepede). Jurnal Akuatika, 3(1): 19-27.
Rukyani, A. (1993). Penanggulangan Penyakit Udang Windu Penaeus monodon. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Penelitian Perikanan Budidaya Pantai, Maros. pp 1-8.
Sabir, A. (2003). Pemanfaatan Flavonoid di Bidang Kedokteran Gigi. Majalah Kedokteran Gigi. Edisi Khusus Temu Ilmiah Nasional III. Surabaya: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi UNAIR. pp 81–87.
Saptiani, G., & Hartini. (2008, November). Daya hambat dan daya lindung ekstrak daun sirih (Piper bettle L) terhadap bakteri Vibrio harveyi secara in vitro dan in vivo pada post larva udang windu (Penaeus monodon F.). Makalah dipresentasikan pada Indonesian Aquaculture (Indoaqua),Yogyakarta.
Satriani, I. G., Cahyadi, J., Gusman, E., & Juliana, E. N. (2017). Ekstraksi etanol buah pedada (Sonneratia alba) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio harveyii secara invitro. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kelautan Perikanan IV. Kupang: Fakultas Kelautan Dan Perikanan Universitas Nusa Cendana Kupang. Undana Press.
Stout, R. T., & Davis, W. W. (1971). Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay. Aplplied Microbiology, 22(4): 666-670.
Volk, W. A. & Wheeler, M. F. (1990). Mikrobiologi Dasar Jilid II. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Wostmann, R., & Liebezeid, G. (2008). Chemical Composition of the Mangrove Holly Acanthus Ilicifolius (Acanthaceae) - Review and Additional Data. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 38 (1): 31 - 37.