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The Sustainability of Saltworks Integration in Pati Regency, Central Java
Corresponding Author(s) : Sriwati Sriwati
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Highlight Research
- The rainfall intensity can affect the phenomenon of salt farmers, so farmers must have adaptation strategies
- Salt Business Group (SBG) is a group of people who have saltworks activities with a minimum number of administrators
- The profit sharing system between the owners and the farmers (called pemadak) is an important factor affecting the income of salt farmers
- The function of the kite diagram is to position the value of the sustainability status from the ecological, technological, economic, social and institutional (etesi) aspects
Abstract
Saltworks integration is one of the government's efforts as a breakthrough in saltworks technology innovation. Saltworks integration in Pati Regency has been conducted for 4 (four) years starting from 2017 to 2020. The aim of this research was to analyze the sustainability of saltworks integration in terms of ecological, technological, economic, social, and institutional (ETESI) aspects. The research was conducted for 9 (nine) months from March to November 2020. The research locations for saltworks integration were in Raci Village - Batangan Subdistrict, Genengmulyo Village - Juwana Subdistrict, Tluwuk Village - Wedarijaksa Subdistrict, and Kertomulyo Village - Trangkil Subdistrict. Sustainability analysis was performed using Rapfish method. Through the R software, the anchor was created automatically so that users only need to input data through Microsoft Excel, then the Rapfish analysis was carried out automatically by the R software. The results of the sustainability index analysis of saltworks integration in the ecological aspects of Raci Village, Batangan Subdistrict showed a sustainable index value. Genengmulyo Village - Juwana Subdistrict, Tluwuk Village - Wedarijaksa Subdistrict, and Kertomulyo Village - Trangkil Subdistrict had an opportunity of attaining sufficiently sustainable status by considering indicators that affect its sustainability. Technological, economic, social and institutional aspects in all villages, where saltworks integration was located, showed a sufficiently sustainable status.
Keywords
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- Akinaga, T., Generalis, S. C., Paton, C., Igobo, O. N., & Davies, P. A. (2018). Brine utilisation for cooling and salt production in wind-driven seawater greenhouses: Design and modelling. Desalination, 426:135-154.
- Antonites, A. (2016). The organization of salt production in early first millennium CE South Africa. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 44:31-42.
- Ariyani, A. H. M., Harianto, H., Suharno, S., & Syaukat, Y. (2020). Impact of application of geoisolator in saltworks business in East Java Province: A propensity-score matching approach. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 22(1):40-47.
- Auliyah, N & Latjolai, M. (2019). Kesesuaian lahan tambak garam di Desa Siduwonge Kecamatan Randangan Kabupaten Pohuwato. Gorontalo Fisheries Journal, 2(1):29-36.
- Costa, D. F. da S., Rocha, R. de M., Candido, G. A., & Soares, A. M. V. da M. (2015). Geographical location and solar salt production. Mercator - Revista de Geografia Da UFC, 14(2):91-98.
- Diananing, R., Destryana, A., Santosa, R., Puad, N. I. M., & Melviana, A. C. (2021). The strategy of salt business development: A case study in Sumenep, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 226:1-9.
- Fatmawati, F., & Kurdi, M. (2020). Beyond salt industries and environment in Sumenep: Effective partnership for people welfare. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 469:1-7.
- Fernandes, R. T. V., Pinto, A. R. M., Fernandes, R. T. V., de Oliveira, J. F., & Novaes, J. L. C. (2020). An evaluation of the economic viability of environmental offsets in the saltworks industry. Ciíªncia Rural, 50(5):e20180985.
- Geng, X., Boufadel, M. C., & Jackson, N. L. (2016). Evidence of salt accumulation in beach intertidal zone due to evaporation. Scientific Reports, 6:1-5.
- González-Alcaraz, M. N., Aránega, B., Conesa, H. M., Delgado, M. J., & Álvarez-Rogel, J. (2015). Contribution of soil properties to the assessment of a seawater irrigation programme as a management strategy for abandoned solar saltworks. Catena, 126:189-200.
- Jiang, B., Wang, D., Shen, X., Chen, J., & Lin, W. (2019). Effects of sea salt aerosols on precipitation and upper troposphere/lower stratosphere water vapour in tropical cyclone systems. Scientific Reports, 9(1):1-13.
- Kavanagh, P., & Pitcher, T. J. (2004). Implementing Microsoft Excel software for rapfish: A technique for the rapid appraisal of fisheries status. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 12(2). Canada: University of British Columbia.
- Kopnina, H. (2017). Working with human nature to achieve sustainability: Exploring constraints and opportunities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 148:751-759.
- Kurniawan, A., Imam Syafi'i, M., Ardian, G., Jaziri, A. A., Amin, A. A., Budiyanto, B., Amenan, M., Ni'matus Salamah, L., & Budi Setiawan, W. (2019). Continuously dynamic mixing (CDM) method and greenhouse salt tunnel (GST) technology for sea salt production throughout the year. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 11(2):82-91.
- Kurniawan, T., & Zulham, A. (2020). Salt farmer's adaptation strategy facing climate change (case study in Pati Regency). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 521:1-9.
- Ladhar, C., Tastard, E., Casse, N., Denis, F., & Ayadi, H. (2015). Strong and stable environmental structuring of the zooplankton communities in interconnected salt ponds. Hydrobiologia, 743:1-13.
- Liyanaarachchi, S., Shu, L., Muthukumaran, S., Jegatheesan, V., & Baskaran, K. (2014). Problems in seawater industrial desalination processes and potential sustainable solutions: A review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 13:203-214.
- Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. (2020). Petunjuk teknis pengembangan usaha garam rakyat (PUGAR). (pp. 176). Jakarta: Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries.
- Misyura, S. Y. (2020). The crystallization behavior of the aqueous solution of CaCl2 salt in a drop and a layer. Scientific Reports, 10(1):1-10.
- Muhandhis, I., Susanto, H., & Asfari, U. (2019). Development of system dynamics model to increase salt fulfillment ratio. Procedia Computer Science, 161:867-875.
- Muhandhis, I., Wirjodirdjo, B., Suryani, E., & Susanto, H. (2021). Modeling of salt supply chains to achieve competitive salt prices. International Journal on Food System Dynamic, 12(1):51-67.
- Nariyoshi, Y. N., Pantoja, C. E., & Seckler, M. M. (2016). Evaluation of sodium chloride crystallization in membrane distillation crystallization applied to water desalination. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 33(3):655-690.
- Nayar, K. G., Fernandes, J., McGovern, R. K., Dominguez, K. P., McCance, A., Al-Anzi, B. S., & Lienhard, J. H. (2019). Cost and energy requirements of hybrid RO and ED brine concentration systems for salt production. Desalination, 456:97-120.
- Nguyen, P. V., Huang, C. T., Truong, K. H., & Hsiao, Y. J. (2020). Profitability improvement for brine shrimp Artemia franciscana commercial farming in coastal saltworks in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: A bioeconomic analysis. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 51(4):896-917.
- Nhung, T. T., Vo, P. L., Nghi, V. V., & Bang, H. Q. (2019). Salt intrusion adaptation measures for sustainable agricultural development under climate change effects: A case of Ca Mau Peninsula, Vietnam. Climate Risk Management, 23:88-100.
- Panagopoulos, A. (2020). Techno-economic evaluation of a solar multi-effect distillation/thermal vapor compression hybrid system for brine treatment and salt recovery. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 152:107934.
- Patel, J., Markam, B. K., & Maiti, S. (2019). Potable water by solar thermal distillation in solar salt works and performance enhancement by integrating with evacuated tubes. Solar Energy, 188:561-572.
- Rodrigues, C. M., Bio, A., Amat, F., Vieira, N. (2011). Artisanal salt production in Aveiro/Portugal-An ecofriendly process. Saline Systems, 7(3):1-14.
- Rocha, R. de M., Costa, D. F. da S., Filho, M. A. L., Bezerra, R. M., Medeiros, D. H., Silva, A. M. A., Araújo, C. N., & Filho, L. X. (2012). Brazilian solar saltworks - ancient uses and future possibilities. Aquatic Biosystem, 8:8.
- Rochwulaningsih, Y. (2018). Salt production business potential in Aceh as Capital for the Coastal Communities Welfare. Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration, 2(1):23-30.
- Sainz-López, N. (2017). Comparative analysis of traditional solar saltworks and other economic activities in a Portuguese Protected Estuary. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR, 46(1):171189.
- Soares, R. H. R. de M., de Assunçí£o, C. A., Fernandes, F. de O., & Marinho-Soriano, E. (2018). Identification and analysis of ecosystem services associated with biodiversity of saltworks. Ocean & Coastal Management, 163:278-284.
- Sparenberg, M. C., Ruiz Salmón, I., & Luis, P. (2020). Economic evaluation of salt recovery from wastewater via membrane distillation-crystallization. Separation and Purification Technology, 235: 116075.
- Subhan, M., Anggeni, P., & Hayati, S. (2021). Salt marketing strategy in East Lombok Regency , West Nusa Tenggara. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 10(1):95-100.
- Sudaryana, B., & Pramesti, P. (2018). The strategy of welfare improvement for salt farmers in Indonesia. Matec Web of Conferences, 150:1-7.
- Suhendi, S., Abdullah, A., & Shalihati, F. (2020). The effectiveness of the salt policy in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis, 17(3):315-324.
- Vieira, N., & Bio, A. (2011). Spatial and temporal variability of water quality and zooplankton in an artisanal salina. Journal of Sea Research, 65(2):293-303.
- Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Hao, X., Ma, L., & Gao, C. (2021). Preparation of deep-sea refined salt by solution crystallization technology. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 804:1-4.
References
Akinaga, T., Generalis, S. C., Paton, C., Igobo, O. N., & Davies, P. A. (2018). Brine utilisation for cooling and salt production in wind-driven seawater greenhouses: Design and modelling. Desalination, 426:135-154.
Antonites, A. (2016). The organization of salt production in early first millennium CE South Africa. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 44:31-42.
Ariyani, A. H. M., Harianto, H., Suharno, S., & Syaukat, Y. (2020). Impact of application of geoisolator in saltworks business in East Java Province: A propensity-score matching approach. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 22(1):40-47.
Auliyah, N & Latjolai, M. (2019). Kesesuaian lahan tambak garam di Desa Siduwonge Kecamatan Randangan Kabupaten Pohuwato. Gorontalo Fisheries Journal, 2(1):29-36.
Costa, D. F. da S., Rocha, R. de M., Candido, G. A., & Soares, A. M. V. da M. (2015). Geographical location and solar salt production. Mercator - Revista de Geografia Da UFC, 14(2):91-98.
Diananing, R., Destryana, A., Santosa, R., Puad, N. I. M., & Melviana, A. C. (2021). The strategy of salt business development: A case study in Sumenep, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 226:1-9.
Fatmawati, F., & Kurdi, M. (2020). Beyond salt industries and environment in Sumenep: Effective partnership for people welfare. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 469:1-7.
Fernandes, R. T. V., Pinto, A. R. M., Fernandes, R. T. V., de Oliveira, J. F., & Novaes, J. L. C. (2020). An evaluation of the economic viability of environmental offsets in the saltworks industry. Ciíªncia Rural, 50(5):e20180985.
Geng, X., Boufadel, M. C., & Jackson, N. L. (2016). Evidence of salt accumulation in beach intertidal zone due to evaporation. Scientific Reports, 6:1-5.
González-Alcaraz, M. N., Aránega, B., Conesa, H. M., Delgado, M. J., & Álvarez-Rogel, J. (2015). Contribution of soil properties to the assessment of a seawater irrigation programme as a management strategy for abandoned solar saltworks. Catena, 126:189-200.
Jiang, B., Wang, D., Shen, X., Chen, J., & Lin, W. (2019). Effects of sea salt aerosols on precipitation and upper troposphere/lower stratosphere water vapour in tropical cyclone systems. Scientific Reports, 9(1):1-13.
Kavanagh, P., & Pitcher, T. J. (2004). Implementing Microsoft Excel software for rapfish: A technique for the rapid appraisal of fisheries status. Fisheries Centre Research Reports, 12(2). Canada: University of British Columbia.
Kopnina, H. (2017). Working with human nature to achieve sustainability: Exploring constraints and opportunities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 148:751-759.
Kurniawan, A., Imam Syafi'i, M., Ardian, G., Jaziri, A. A., Amin, A. A., Budiyanto, B., Amenan, M., Ni'matus Salamah, L., & Budi Setiawan, W. (2019). Continuously dynamic mixing (CDM) method and greenhouse salt tunnel (GST) technology for sea salt production throughout the year. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 11(2):82-91.
Kurniawan, T., & Zulham, A. (2020). Salt farmer's adaptation strategy facing climate change (case study in Pati Regency). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 521:1-9.
Ladhar, C., Tastard, E., Casse, N., Denis, F., & Ayadi, H. (2015). Strong and stable environmental structuring of the zooplankton communities in interconnected salt ponds. Hydrobiologia, 743:1-13.
Liyanaarachchi, S., Shu, L., Muthukumaran, S., Jegatheesan, V., & Baskaran, K. (2014). Problems in seawater industrial desalination processes and potential sustainable solutions: A review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 13:203-214.
Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. (2020). Petunjuk teknis pengembangan usaha garam rakyat (PUGAR). (pp. 176). Jakarta: Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries.
Misyura, S. Y. (2020). The crystallization behavior of the aqueous solution of CaCl2 salt in a drop and a layer. Scientific Reports, 10(1):1-10.
Muhandhis, I., Susanto, H., & Asfari, U. (2019). Development of system dynamics model to increase salt fulfillment ratio. Procedia Computer Science, 161:867-875.
Muhandhis, I., Wirjodirdjo, B., Suryani, E., & Susanto, H. (2021). Modeling of salt supply chains to achieve competitive salt prices. International Journal on Food System Dynamic, 12(1):51-67.
Nariyoshi, Y. N., Pantoja, C. E., & Seckler, M. M. (2016). Evaluation of sodium chloride crystallization in membrane distillation crystallization applied to water desalination. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 33(3):655-690.
Nayar, K. G., Fernandes, J., McGovern, R. K., Dominguez, K. P., McCance, A., Al-Anzi, B. S., & Lienhard, J. H. (2019). Cost and energy requirements of hybrid RO and ED brine concentration systems for salt production. Desalination, 456:97-120.
Nguyen, P. V., Huang, C. T., Truong, K. H., & Hsiao, Y. J. (2020). Profitability improvement for brine shrimp Artemia franciscana commercial farming in coastal saltworks in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: A bioeconomic analysis. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 51(4):896-917.
Nhung, T. T., Vo, P. L., Nghi, V. V., & Bang, H. Q. (2019). Salt intrusion adaptation measures for sustainable agricultural development under climate change effects: A case of Ca Mau Peninsula, Vietnam. Climate Risk Management, 23:88-100.
Panagopoulos, A. (2020). Techno-economic evaluation of a solar multi-effect distillation/thermal vapor compression hybrid system for brine treatment and salt recovery. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 152:107934.
Patel, J., Markam, B. K., & Maiti, S. (2019). Potable water by solar thermal distillation in solar salt works and performance enhancement by integrating with evacuated tubes. Solar Energy, 188:561-572.
Rodrigues, C. M., Bio, A., Amat, F., Vieira, N. (2011). Artisanal salt production in Aveiro/Portugal-An ecofriendly process. Saline Systems, 7(3):1-14.
Rocha, R. de M., Costa, D. F. da S., Filho, M. A. L., Bezerra, R. M., Medeiros, D. H., Silva, A. M. A., Araújo, C. N., & Filho, L. X. (2012). Brazilian solar saltworks - ancient uses and future possibilities. Aquatic Biosystem, 8:8.
Rochwulaningsih, Y. (2018). Salt production business potential in Aceh as Capital for the Coastal Communities Welfare. Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration, 2(1):23-30.
Sainz-López, N. (2017). Comparative analysis of traditional solar saltworks and other economic activities in a Portuguese Protected Estuary. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR, 46(1):171189.
Soares, R. H. R. de M., de Assunçí£o, C. A., Fernandes, F. de O., & Marinho-Soriano, E. (2018). Identification and analysis of ecosystem services associated with biodiversity of saltworks. Ocean & Coastal Management, 163:278-284.
Sparenberg, M. C., Ruiz Salmón, I., & Luis, P. (2020). Economic evaluation of salt recovery from wastewater via membrane distillation-crystallization. Separation and Purification Technology, 235: 116075.
Subhan, M., Anggeni, P., & Hayati, S. (2021). Salt marketing strategy in East Lombok Regency , West Nusa Tenggara. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 10(1):95-100.
Sudaryana, B., & Pramesti, P. (2018). The strategy of welfare improvement for salt farmers in Indonesia. Matec Web of Conferences, 150:1-7.
Suhendi, S., Abdullah, A., & Shalihati, F. (2020). The effectiveness of the salt policy in Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis, 17(3):315-324.
Vieira, N., & Bio, A. (2011). Spatial and temporal variability of water quality and zooplankton in an artisanal salina. Journal of Sea Research, 65(2):293-303.
Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Hao, X., Ma, L., & Gao, C. (2021). Preparation of deep-sea refined salt by solution crystallization technology. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 804:1-4.