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Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN

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Aquaculture Marine Science Aquatic Resource Management Fish Diseases Microalgae, Plankton, Feed, Anti-Biofilm, and Nanoparticles

Toxicity and histopathological effects of toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium catenella exudates on larvae of blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i2.22363
Supono Supono
Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, P.O. Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2747-3049
Graeme Knowles
Animal Health Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Waters and Environment, P.O. Box 46, Kings Meadows Tasmania, 7249, Australia
Christopher Bolch
Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia.

Corresponding Author(s) : Supono Supono

supono_lipi@yahoo.com

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN

Abstract

Highlight

  1. Toxicity and pathological effects of A. catenella were investigated on shellfish larvae
  2. Unfiltered exudates of A. catenella caused significant mortality of blue mussel larvae
  3. Application of 0.22 mm filtration on A. fundyense exudates potentially decrease the toxicity effects
  4. Pathological effects of A. catenella occurred as early as 3 h after exposure
  5. The prevalence and intensity of necrosis increased with exposure duration to A. catenella exudates

Abstract

Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella have affected shellfish industries globally due to their capacity to produce paralytic shellfish toxins(PST). This study aimed to investigate the toxicity effect of exudate A. catenella on larvae of blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and filtration methods to reduce the toxic effect. Blue mussel and Pacific oyster larvae were assessed their survival and histopathological changes after exposure to extracellular exudates of A. catenella ranging from 100 to 1,000 cells ml-1 . The results showed that exposure to exudate A. catenella caused significantly higher larval mortality (39 to 52%) than exposure to an equivalent biovolume of the nontoxic species, Tisochrysis lutea (33%) or unfed controls (17%). Filter-sterilization (0.22 µm) of exudates and activated carbon filtration decreased the mortality of Pacific oyster larvae to a level similar to controls (unfed), with the exception of the highest concentrations (600 and 1,000 cells ml-1 ) and mortality of bluemussel larvae mortality by 32% respectively. Blue mussel larvae exposed to exudate A. catenella showed pathological changes mainly in the stomach (digestive gland and style sac) as early as three hours after onset of exposure. The findings of this study suggest that early detection of blooms in the vicinity of mussel and Pacific oyster hatcheries and taking steps to mitigate their effects, is important to reduce the effects of A. catenella blooms on shellfish larval rearing.

Keywords

Algal Bloom Hatchery Shellfish Filtration Histology
Supono, S., Knowles, G., & Bolch, C. (2020). Toxicity and histopathological effects of toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium catenella exudates on larvae of blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 12(2), 188–198. https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i2.22363
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