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The Effect of Using Bromelain and Papain Enzymes on the Quality of Pure Fish Oil from Milkfish Silage (Chanos chanos)
Corresponding Author(s) : Supriyanto Supriyanto
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan,
Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Highlight Research
- Milkfish silage oil fatty acid profile
- The quality of pure fish oil from milkfish silage (Chanos chanos)
- The effect of using bromelain and papain enzymes
Abstract
Milkfish has a high nutritional content, especially fat content. The processing of milkfish oil into pure oil has not been done much. Proper processing is needed so that the fatty acids contained in fish can be utilized optimally for pharmaceutical and medical needs. Enzyme extraction is known to extract fish oil with better quality than the heating method. The aim of this research was to study the effect of the enzymes bromelain and papain on the quality of pure fish oil from milkfish silage by treating different body parts used. The experiment was carried out with Factorial Complete Randomized Design with three replications involving two factors. The first factor was the type of enzyme using two types of enzymes, namely bromelain and papain with a concentration of 15%, the second factor used was the difference in body parts that was whole fish, flesh, and waste (head, viscera, and bones). The results showed that the type of enzyme had no significant effect on the quality of fish oil, but the different treatments of fish body parts had a significant effect on the quality of the fish oil produced. The best treatment was adapted from fish oil treated using the bromelain enzyme with the flesh. This treatment resulted in yield of 1.25%, density 0.903 g/mL, FFA content of 0.56%, and peroxide value of 7.64 meq/kg.
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- Aditia, R. P., Darmanto, Y. S., & Romadhon. (2014). Perbandingan mutu minyak ikan kasar yang diekstrak dari berbagai jenis ikan yang berbeda. Jurnal Pengolahan Dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan, 3(3):55-60.
- Akhade, A., Koli, J., Sadawarte, R., & Akhade, R. (2016). Functional properties of fish protein concentrate extracted from ribbon fish, Lepturacanthus savala by different methods. International Journal of Processing and Post Harvest Technology, 7(2):274-283.
- Al-Abri, A. S., Mahgoub, O., Kadim, I. T., Al-Marzooqi, W., Goddard, S. J., & Al-Farsi, M. (2014). Processing and evaluation of nutritive value of fish silage for feeding omani sheep. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 42(4):406-413.
- Helrich, K. (1990). Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (15th ed). Arlington, Virginia: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc.
- Apituley, D. A. N., Sormin, R. B. D., & Nanlohy, E. E. E. M. (2020). Karakteristik dan profil asam lemak minyak ikan dari kepala dan tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus albacares). AGRITEKNO: Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 9(1):10-19.
- Aziza, I. N., Maulana, I. T., & Sadiyah, E. R. (2015). Perbandingan kandungan Omega 3 dalam minyak ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) yang segar dengan ikan bandeng yang dikeringkan di pasar. SPeSIA Seminar Penelitian Sivitas Akademika Unisba, 1(2):539-544.
- Dieffenbacher, A., & Pocklington, W. D. (1992). Standard methods for the analysis of oils, fats and derivatives (1st suppl. to the 7th ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
- Feryana, I., Suseno, S., & Nurjanah. (2014). Pemurnian minyak ikan makerel hasil samping penepungan dengan netralisasi alkali. Jurnal Pengolahan Dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan, 17(3):207-214.
- Gbogouri, G. A., Linder, M., Fanni, J., & Parmentier, M. (2006). Analysis of lipids extracted from salmon (Salmo Salar) heads by commercial proteolytic enzymes. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 108(9):766-775.
- Hathwar, S. C., Bijinu, B., Rai, A. K., & Narayan, B. (2011). Simultaneous recovery of lipids and proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis of fish industry waste using different commercial proteases. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 164(1):115-124.
- Liu, H., Wang, L., Yang, T., Zhang, G., Huang, J., Sun, J., & Huo, J. (2016). Optimization and evaluation of fish oil microcapsules. Particuology, 29:162-168.
- Lúcia, V., Maura, V., Bermúdez, S., Luis, A., Oliveira, L. De, Kleinberg, M. N., Tasso, R. De, Ribeiro, M., Ferreira, R., & Abreu, A. De. (2015). Characterization of a hydrolyzed oil obtained from fish waste for nutraceutical application. Food Science and Technology, 35(2):321-325.
- Makhoukhi, B., Didi, M. A., Villemin, D., & Azzouz, A. (2009). Acid activation of bentonite for use as a vegetable oil bleaching agent. Grasas Y Aceites, 60(4):343-349.
- Mbatia, B., Adlercreutz, D., Adlercreutz, P., Mahadhy, A., Mulaa, F., & Mattiasson, B. (2010). Enzymatic oil extraction and positional analysis of ω-3 fatty acids in nile perch and salmon heads. Process Biochemistry, 45(5):815-819.
- Murthy, L. N., Padiyar, P. A., Rao, M., & Asha, K. K. (2016). Nutritional profile and heavy metal content of cultured milkfish (Chanos chanos). Fishery Technology, 53:245-249.
- Needham, S., & Funge-Smith, S. (2015). The consumption of fish and fish products in the Asia-Pacific region based on household surveys. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations.
- Putri, D. N., Wibowo, Y. M. N., Santoso, E. N., & Romadhania, P. (2020). Sifat fisikokimia dan profil asam lemak minyak ikan dari kepala kakap merah (Lutjanus malabaricus). AgriTECH, 40(1):31-38.
- Pandiangan, M., Kaban, J., Wirjosentono, B., & Silalahi, J. (2019). Analisis kandungan asam lemak Omega 3 dan Omega 6 pada minyak ikan mas (Cyprinus Carpio). Talenta Conference Series: Science and Technology (ST), 2(1):37-44.
- Pravinkumar, M., Eugien, L. X., Viswanathan, C., & Raffi, S. M. (2015). Extraction of fish body oil from sardinella longiceps by employing direct steaming method and its quantitative and qualitative assessment. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 3(12):962-966.
- Ramakrishnan, V. V., Ghaly A. E., Brooks, M. S., & Budge, S. M. (2013). Extraction of oil from mackerel fish processing waste using alcalase enzyme. Enzyme Engineering, 2(2):1-10.
- Routray, W., Dave, D., Ramakrishnan, V., & Murphy, W. (2018). Production of high quality fish oil by enzymatic protein hydrolysis from cultured atlantic salmon by-products: investigation on effect of various extraction parameters using central composite rotatable design. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 9(11):2003-2014.
- Sari, R. N., Utomo, B. S. B., Basmal, J. & Kusumawati, R. (2015). Pemurnian minyak ikan hasil samping (pre-cooking) industri pengalengan ikan lemuru (Sardinella lemuru). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 18(3):276-286.
- Sugata, M., Wiriadi, P. F., Lucy, J., & Jan, T. T. (2019). Total lipid and Omega-3 content in pangasius catfish (Pangasius pangasius) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) from Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Nutriton, 25(1):163-169.
- Suseno, S. H., Tajul, A. Y., & Wan Nadiah, W. A. (2011). The use of passive filtration for optimization of magnesol xl function for improving the quality of Sardinella lemuru oil. International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 1(5):103-113.
- Suseno, S. H., Jacob, A. M., Yocinta, H. P., & Kamini. (2018). Kualitas minyak ikan komersial (softgel) impor di wilayah Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(3):556-564.
- Taati, M. M., Shabanpour, B., & Ojagh, M. (2018). Investigation on fish oil extraction by enzyme extraction and wet reduction methods and quality analysis. AACL Bioflux, 11(1):83-90.
References
Aditia, R. P., Darmanto, Y. S., & Romadhon. (2014). Perbandingan mutu minyak ikan kasar yang diekstrak dari berbagai jenis ikan yang berbeda. Jurnal Pengolahan Dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan, 3(3):55-60.
Akhade, A., Koli, J., Sadawarte, R., & Akhade, R. (2016). Functional properties of fish protein concentrate extracted from ribbon fish, Lepturacanthus savala by different methods. International Journal of Processing and Post Harvest Technology, 7(2):274-283.
Al-Abri, A. S., Mahgoub, O., Kadim, I. T., Al-Marzooqi, W., Goddard, S. J., & Al-Farsi, M. (2014). Processing and evaluation of nutritive value of fish silage for feeding omani sheep. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 42(4):406-413.
Helrich, K. (1990). Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (15th ed). Arlington, Virginia: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc.
Apituley, D. A. N., Sormin, R. B. D., & Nanlohy, E. E. E. M. (2020). Karakteristik dan profil asam lemak minyak ikan dari kepala dan tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus albacares). AGRITEKNO: Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 9(1):10-19.
Aziza, I. N., Maulana, I. T., & Sadiyah, E. R. (2015). Perbandingan kandungan Omega 3 dalam minyak ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos) yang segar dengan ikan bandeng yang dikeringkan di pasar. SPeSIA Seminar Penelitian Sivitas Akademika Unisba, 1(2):539-544.
Dieffenbacher, A., & Pocklington, W. D. (1992). Standard methods for the analysis of oils, fats and derivatives (1st suppl. to the 7th ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Feryana, I., Suseno, S., & Nurjanah. (2014). Pemurnian minyak ikan makerel hasil samping penepungan dengan netralisasi alkali. Jurnal Pengolahan Dan Bioteknologi Hasil Perikanan, 17(3):207-214.
Gbogouri, G. A., Linder, M., Fanni, J., & Parmentier, M. (2006). Analysis of lipids extracted from salmon (Salmo Salar) heads by commercial proteolytic enzymes. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 108(9):766-775.
Hathwar, S. C., Bijinu, B., Rai, A. K., & Narayan, B. (2011). Simultaneous recovery of lipids and proteins by enzymatic hydrolysis of fish industry waste using different commercial proteases. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 164(1):115-124.
Liu, H., Wang, L., Yang, T., Zhang, G., Huang, J., Sun, J., & Huo, J. (2016). Optimization and evaluation of fish oil microcapsules. Particuology, 29:162-168.
Lúcia, V., Maura, V., Bermúdez, S., Luis, A., Oliveira, L. De, Kleinberg, M. N., Tasso, R. De, Ribeiro, M., Ferreira, R., & Abreu, A. De. (2015). Characterization of a hydrolyzed oil obtained from fish waste for nutraceutical application. Food Science and Technology, 35(2):321-325.
Makhoukhi, B., Didi, M. A., Villemin, D., & Azzouz, A. (2009). Acid activation of bentonite for use as a vegetable oil bleaching agent. Grasas Y Aceites, 60(4):343-349.
Mbatia, B., Adlercreutz, D., Adlercreutz, P., Mahadhy, A., Mulaa, F., & Mattiasson, B. (2010). Enzymatic oil extraction and positional analysis of ω-3 fatty acids in nile perch and salmon heads. Process Biochemistry, 45(5):815-819.
Murthy, L. N., Padiyar, P. A., Rao, M., & Asha, K. K. (2016). Nutritional profile and heavy metal content of cultured milkfish (Chanos chanos). Fishery Technology, 53:245-249.
Needham, S., & Funge-Smith, S. (2015). The consumption of fish and fish products in the Asia-Pacific region based on household surveys. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations.
Putri, D. N., Wibowo, Y. M. N., Santoso, E. N., & Romadhania, P. (2020). Sifat fisikokimia dan profil asam lemak minyak ikan dari kepala kakap merah (Lutjanus malabaricus). AgriTECH, 40(1):31-38.
Pandiangan, M., Kaban, J., Wirjosentono, B., & Silalahi, J. (2019). Analisis kandungan asam lemak Omega 3 dan Omega 6 pada minyak ikan mas (Cyprinus Carpio). Talenta Conference Series: Science and Technology (ST), 2(1):37-44.
Pravinkumar, M., Eugien, L. X., Viswanathan, C., & Raffi, S. M. (2015). Extraction of fish body oil from sardinella longiceps by employing direct steaming method and its quantitative and qualitative assessment. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 3(12):962-966.
Ramakrishnan, V. V., Ghaly A. E., Brooks, M. S., & Budge, S. M. (2013). Extraction of oil from mackerel fish processing waste using alcalase enzyme. Enzyme Engineering, 2(2):1-10.
Routray, W., Dave, D., Ramakrishnan, V., & Murphy, W. (2018). Production of high quality fish oil by enzymatic protein hydrolysis from cultured atlantic salmon by-products: investigation on effect of various extraction parameters using central composite rotatable design. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 9(11):2003-2014.
Sari, R. N., Utomo, B. S. B., Basmal, J. & Kusumawati, R. (2015). Pemurnian minyak ikan hasil samping (pre-cooking) industri pengalengan ikan lemuru (Sardinella lemuru). Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 18(3):276-286.
Sugata, M., Wiriadi, P. F., Lucy, J., & Jan, T. T. (2019). Total lipid and Omega-3 content in pangasius catfish (Pangasius pangasius) and milkfish (Chanos chanos) from Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Nutriton, 25(1):163-169.
Suseno, S. H., Tajul, A. Y., & Wan Nadiah, W. A. (2011). The use of passive filtration for optimization of magnesol xl function for improving the quality of Sardinella lemuru oil. International Research Journal of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 1(5):103-113.
Suseno, S. H., Jacob, A. M., Yocinta, H. P., & Kamini. (2018). Kualitas minyak ikan komersial (softgel) impor di wilayah Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 21(3):556-564.
Taati, M. M., Shabanpour, B., & Ojagh, M. (2018). Investigation on fish oil extraction by enzyme extraction and wet reduction methods and quality analysis. AACL Bioflux, 11(1):83-90.