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Carbon Sink Estimation of Mangrove Vegetation Using Remote Sensing in Segara Anakan, Cilacap
Corresponding Author(s) : Rizqi Rizaldi Hidayat
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Highlight Research
- The value of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) have a strong relationship.
- Estimated mangrove leaf biomass and carbon stock in mangrove can be known through the Leaf Area Index (LAI) value.
- Each mangrove pixel can absorb the different carbon.
- Increasing the diameter of the tree trunk shows the more CO2 absorbed by the tree.
Abstract
Worldwide global warming occurs because of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.Segara Anakan, the largest mangrove forest in Java Island, has the highest potential as a carbon sink in the tropics. This study aimed to quantify the area and density of mangrove forests in Segara Anakan and to estimate their potentials as carbon sink based on Sentinel-2A imagery. In this study, data from Sentinel 2A satellite imagery was processed and validated with field survey results. The results showed that Segara Anakan had mangrove forests covering an area of 5,481.64 ha in 2019 with the sparse density covered 706.92 ha, medium density covered of 2,526.80 ha, and high density covered 2,848.60 ha. The results of mangrove density were validated using Table Confusion Matrix and using correlation coefficient value (r) by comparing field measurement and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithm. The accuracy for mangrove density was 86.92% with r-value 0.85. Mangrove in Segara Anakan has the ability to absorb 8.56 Mega gram of carbon per hectare. Segara Anakan mangroves have the potential to absorb high level of carbon, so we should maintain their sustainability.
Keywords
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- Alatorre, L. C., Sánchez-Carrillo, S., Miramontes-Beltrán, S., Medina, R. J., Torres-Olave, M. E., Bravo, L. C., Wiebe, L. C., Granados, A., Adams, D. K., Sánchez, E., & Uc, M. (2016). Temporal changes of NDVI for qualitative environmental assessment of mangroves: Shrimp farming impact on the health decline of the arid mangroves in the Gulf of California (1990-2010). Journal of Arid Environments, 125:98-109.
- Ardli, E. R. (2008). A trophic flow model of the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap, Indonesia. Dissertation. Bremen: University of Bremen.
- Asadi, M. A., & Pambudi, G. S. (2020). Diversity and biomass of mangrove forest within Baluran National Park, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 13(1):19-27.
- Askar, Nuthammachot, N., Phairuang, W., Wicaksono, P., & Sayektiningsih, T. (2018). Estimating aboveground biomass on private forest using sentinel-2 imagery. Journal of Sensors, 2018:1-11.
- Bindu, G., Rajan, P., Jishnu, E. S., & Ajith Joseph, K. (2020). Carbon stock assessment of mangroves using remote sensing and geographic information system. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 23(1):1-9.
- Brown, R. A., & Rosenberg, N. J. (1997). Sensitivity of crop yield and water use to change in a range of climatic factors and CO2 concentrations: a simulation study applying EPIC to the central USA. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 83(3-4):171-203.
- Celis-Hernandez, O., Giron-Garcia, M. P., Ontiveros-Cuadras, J. F., Canales-Delgadillo, J. C., Pérez-Ceballos, R. Y., Ward, R. D., Acevedo-Gonzales, O., Armstrong-Altrin, J. S., & Merino-Ibarra, M. (2020). Environmental risk of trace elements in mangrove ecosystems: An assessment of natural vs oil and urban inputs. Science of the Total Environment, 730:138643.
- Comley, B. W. T., & McGuinness, K. A. (2005). Above- and below-ground biomass, and allometry, of four common northern Australian mangroves. Australian Journal of Botany, 53(5):431-436.
- Donato, D. C., Kauffman, J. B., Murdiyarso, D., Kurnianto, S., Stidham, M., & Kanninen, M. (2011). Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. Nature Geoscience, 4(5):293-297.
- Fatoyinbo, T. E., Simard, M., Washington-Allen, R. A., & Shugart, H. H. (2008). Landscape-scale extent, height, biomass, and carbon estimation of Mozambique's mangrove, forests with Landsat ETM+ and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 113(2):1-13.
- Frananda, H., Hartono, & Jatmiko, R. H., (2015). Komparasi indeks vegetasi untuk estimasi stok karbon hutan mangrove kawasan Segoro Anak pada kawasan Taman Nasional Alas Purwo Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur (Comparison of vegetation indices for mangrove carbon stock estimation in Segoro Anak Area, Alas Purwo National Park, Banyuwangi, East Java). Majalah Ilmiah Globí«, 17(2):113-123.
- Green, E. P., Mumby, P. J., Edwards, A. J., Clark, C. D., & Ellis, A. C. (1997). Estimating leaf area index of mangroves from satellite data. Aquatic Botany, 58(1):11-19.
- Hilmi, E., Siregar, A. S., & Febryanni, L. (2015). Struktur komunitas, zonasi dan keanekaragaman hayati vegetasi mangrove di Segara Anakan Cilacap. Omni-Akuatika, 11(2):20-32.
- Ismail, Sulistiono, Hariyadi, S., & Madduppa, H. (2018). Condition and mangrove density in Segara Anakan, Cilacap Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 11(4):1055-1068.
- Kamal, M., Phinn, S., & Johansen, K. (2016). Assessment of multi-resolution image data for mangrove leaf area index mapping. Remote Sensing of Environment, 176:242-254.
- Komiyama, A., Poungparn, S., & Kato, S. (2005). Common allometric equations for estimating the tree weight of mangroves. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 21(4):471-477.
- Kusmana, C., & Sukristijiono, S. (2016). Mangrove resource uses by local community in Indonesia. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 6(2):217-224.
- Listyaningsih, D. D., Yulianda, F., & Ardli, E. R. (2013). Assessment of mangrove ecosystem degradation to the population of Polymesoda erosa in Segara Anakan, Cilacap. Forum Geografi, 27(1):1-10.
- Muhsoni, F. F., Sambah, A. B., Mahmudi, M., & Wiadnya, D. G. R. (2018). Estimation of mangrove carbon stock with hybrid method using image Sentinel-2. International Journal of Geomate, 15(49):185-192.
- Murdiyarso, D., Purbopuspito, J., Kauffman, J. B., Warren, M. W., Sasmito, S. D., Donato, D. C., Manuri, S., Krisnawati, H., Taberima, S., & Kurnianto, S. (2015). The potential of Indonesian mangrove forests for global climate change mitigation. Nature Climate Change, 5(12):1089-1092.
- Nehren, U., & Wicaksono, P. (2018). Mapping soil carbon stocks in an oceanic mangrove ecosystem in Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 214:185-193.
- Nguyen, H. H., Quang, P. D., Nguyen, V. D., Linh, T. V. K., Duong, L. V. K., & Manh, N. K. (2020). Management of forest resources and environment estimation of mangrrove carbon stocks using Sentinel 2A and Field-Based Data in Tien Lang District, Hai Phong City. Journal of Forestry Science and Technology, (10):48-58.
- Nuraini, R. A. T., Pringgenies, D., Suryono, C. A., & Adhari, V. H. (2021). Stok karbon pada tegakan vegetasi mangrove di Pulau Karimunjawa. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 10(2):180-188.
- Ong, J. E., Gong, W. K., & Wong, C. H. (2004). Allometry and partitioning of the mangrove, Rhizophora apiculata. Forest Ecology and Management, 188(1-3):395-408.
- Parida, B. R., & Kumari, A. (2020). Mapping and modeling mangrove biophysical and biochemical parameters using Sentinel-2A satellite data in Bhitarkanika National Park, Odisha. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 7:2463-2474.
- Patil, V., Singh, A., Naik, N., & Unnikrishnan, S. (2015). Estimation of mangrove carbon stocks by applying remote sensing and GIS techniques. Wetlands, 35(4):695-707.
- Pratama, I. G. M. Y., Karang, I. W. G. A., & Suteja, Y. (2019). Distribusi spasial kerapatan mangrove menggunakan citra Sentinel-2A di Tahura Ngurah Rai Bali. Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 5(2):192-202.
- Pricillia, C. C., Patria, M. P., & Herdiansyah, H. (2021). Environmental conditions to support blue carbon storage in mangrove forest: A case study in the mangrove forest, Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(6):3304-3314.
- Ramba, F. Y., Wirasatriya, A., & Yulianto, B. (2021). Recent update of mangrove carbon-stock estimation using vegetation index analysis at Youtefa Bay, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Ecology, Environment & Conservation, 27:S57-S65.
- Sani, D. A., & Hashim, M. (2018). A preliminary work on blue carbon stock mapping in mangrove habitat using satellite-based approach. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 169(1):012078.
- Siddiq, A., Dimyati, M., & Damayanti, A. (2020). Analysis of carbon stock distribution of mangrove forests in the coastal city of Benoa, Bali with combination vegetation index, and statistics approach. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology, 10(6):2386-2393.
- Siregar, C. A., & Dharmawan, I. W. S. (2009). Biomassa karbon pada hutan tanaman mangrove: Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Bogor: Pusat Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam.
- Sitoe, A. A., Mandlate, L. J. C., & Guedes, B. S. (2014). Biomass and carbon stocks of Sofala Bay mangrove forests. Forests, 5(8):1967-1981.
- Umroh, Adi, W., & Sari, S. P. (2016). Detection of mangrove distribution in Pongok Island. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33:253-257.
- Utami, F. P., Prasetyo, Y., & Sukmono, A. (2016). Analisis spasial perubahan luasan mangrove akibat pengaruh limpasan sedimentasi tersuspensi dengan metode penginderaan jauh. Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 5(1):305-315.
- Utomo, S. W., Pambudi, P. A., Pramudianto, A., & Sudaryanto. (2021). The carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration potential of conservation plant Aquilaria malaccensis. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 724(1).
- Vafaei, S., Soosani, J., Adeli, K., Fadaei, H., Naghavi, H., Pham, T. D., & Bui, D. T. (2018). Improving accuracy estimation of forest aboveground biomass based on incorporation of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-2A imagery and machine learning: A case study of the Hyrcanian forest area (Iran). Remote Sensing, 10(2):172.
- Valderrama-Landeros, L., Flores-de-Santiago, F., Kovacs, J. M., & Flores-Verdugo, F. (2018). An assessment of commonly employed satellite-based remote sensors for mapping mangrove species in Mexico using an NDVI-based classification scheme. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(23):1-13.
- Wang, D., Wan, B., Qiu, P., Su, Y., Guo, Q., Wang, R., Sun, F., & Wu, X. (2018). Evaluating the performance of Sentinel-2, Landsat 8 and Pléiades-1 in mapping mangrove extent and species. Remote Sensing, 10(9):1468.
- Wicaksono, P., Danoedoro, P., Hartono, & Nehren, U. (2016). Mangrove biomass carbon stock mapping of the Karimunjawa Islands using multispectral remote sensing. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 37(1):26-52.
- Windarni, C., Setiawan, A., & Rusita, R. (2018). Carbon stock estimation of mangrove forest in Village Margasari Sub-District Labuhan Maringgai District East Lampung. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 6(1):66-74.
References
Alatorre, L. C., Sánchez-Carrillo, S., Miramontes-Beltrán, S., Medina, R. J., Torres-Olave, M. E., Bravo, L. C., Wiebe, L. C., Granados, A., Adams, D. K., Sánchez, E., & Uc, M. (2016). Temporal changes of NDVI for qualitative environmental assessment of mangroves: Shrimp farming impact on the health decline of the arid mangroves in the Gulf of California (1990-2010). Journal of Arid Environments, 125:98-109.
Ardli, E. R. (2008). A trophic flow model of the Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap, Indonesia. Dissertation. Bremen: University of Bremen.
Asadi, M. A., & Pambudi, G. S. (2020). Diversity and biomass of mangrove forest within Baluran National Park, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 13(1):19-27.
Askar, Nuthammachot, N., Phairuang, W., Wicaksono, P., & Sayektiningsih, T. (2018). Estimating aboveground biomass on private forest using sentinel-2 imagery. Journal of Sensors, 2018:1-11.
Bindu, G., Rajan, P., Jishnu, E. S., & Ajith Joseph, K. (2020). Carbon stock assessment of mangroves using remote sensing and geographic information system. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 23(1):1-9.
Brown, R. A., & Rosenberg, N. J. (1997). Sensitivity of crop yield and water use to change in a range of climatic factors and CO2 concentrations: a simulation study applying EPIC to the central USA. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 83(3-4):171-203.
Celis-Hernandez, O., Giron-Garcia, M. P., Ontiveros-Cuadras, J. F., Canales-Delgadillo, J. C., Pérez-Ceballos, R. Y., Ward, R. D., Acevedo-Gonzales, O., Armstrong-Altrin, J. S., & Merino-Ibarra, M. (2020). Environmental risk of trace elements in mangrove ecosystems: An assessment of natural vs oil and urban inputs. Science of the Total Environment, 730:138643.
Comley, B. W. T., & McGuinness, K. A. (2005). Above- and below-ground biomass, and allometry, of four common northern Australian mangroves. Australian Journal of Botany, 53(5):431-436.
Donato, D. C., Kauffman, J. B., Murdiyarso, D., Kurnianto, S., Stidham, M., & Kanninen, M. (2011). Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. Nature Geoscience, 4(5):293-297.
Fatoyinbo, T. E., Simard, M., Washington-Allen, R. A., & Shugart, H. H. (2008). Landscape-scale extent, height, biomass, and carbon estimation of Mozambique's mangrove, forests with Landsat ETM+ and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission elevation data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 113(2):1-13.
Frananda, H., Hartono, & Jatmiko, R. H., (2015). Komparasi indeks vegetasi untuk estimasi stok karbon hutan mangrove kawasan Segoro Anak pada kawasan Taman Nasional Alas Purwo Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur (Comparison of vegetation indices for mangrove carbon stock estimation in Segoro Anak Area, Alas Purwo National Park, Banyuwangi, East Java). Majalah Ilmiah Globí«, 17(2):113-123.
Green, E. P., Mumby, P. J., Edwards, A. J., Clark, C. D., & Ellis, A. C. (1997). Estimating leaf area index of mangroves from satellite data. Aquatic Botany, 58(1):11-19.
Hilmi, E., Siregar, A. S., & Febryanni, L. (2015). Struktur komunitas, zonasi dan keanekaragaman hayati vegetasi mangrove di Segara Anakan Cilacap. Omni-Akuatika, 11(2):20-32.
Ismail, Sulistiono, Hariyadi, S., & Madduppa, H. (2018). Condition and mangrove density in Segara Anakan, Cilacap Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux, 11(4):1055-1068.
Kamal, M., Phinn, S., & Johansen, K. (2016). Assessment of multi-resolution image data for mangrove leaf area index mapping. Remote Sensing of Environment, 176:242-254.
Komiyama, A., Poungparn, S., & Kato, S. (2005). Common allometric equations for estimating the tree weight of mangroves. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 21(4):471-477.
Kusmana, C., & Sukristijiono, S. (2016). Mangrove resource uses by local community in Indonesia. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 6(2):217-224.
Listyaningsih, D. D., Yulianda, F., & Ardli, E. R. (2013). Assessment of mangrove ecosystem degradation to the population of Polymesoda erosa in Segara Anakan, Cilacap. Forum Geografi, 27(1):1-10.
Muhsoni, F. F., Sambah, A. B., Mahmudi, M., & Wiadnya, D. G. R. (2018). Estimation of mangrove carbon stock with hybrid method using image Sentinel-2. International Journal of Geomate, 15(49):185-192.
Murdiyarso, D., Purbopuspito, J., Kauffman, J. B., Warren, M. W., Sasmito, S. D., Donato, D. C., Manuri, S., Krisnawati, H., Taberima, S., & Kurnianto, S. (2015). The potential of Indonesian mangrove forests for global climate change mitigation. Nature Climate Change, 5(12):1089-1092.
Nehren, U., & Wicaksono, P. (2018). Mapping soil carbon stocks in an oceanic mangrove ecosystem in Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 214:185-193.
Nguyen, H. H., Quang, P. D., Nguyen, V. D., Linh, T. V. K., Duong, L. V. K., & Manh, N. K. (2020). Management of forest resources and environment estimation of mangrrove carbon stocks using Sentinel 2A and Field-Based Data in Tien Lang District, Hai Phong City. Journal of Forestry Science and Technology, (10):48-58.
Nuraini, R. A. T., Pringgenies, D., Suryono, C. A., & Adhari, V. H. (2021). Stok karbon pada tegakan vegetasi mangrove di Pulau Karimunjawa. Buletin Oseanografi Marina, 10(2):180-188.
Ong, J. E., Gong, W. K., & Wong, C. H. (2004). Allometry and partitioning of the mangrove, Rhizophora apiculata. Forest Ecology and Management, 188(1-3):395-408.
Parida, B. R., & Kumari, A. (2020). Mapping and modeling mangrove biophysical and biochemical parameters using Sentinel-2A satellite data in Bhitarkanika National Park, Odisha. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 7:2463-2474.
Patil, V., Singh, A., Naik, N., & Unnikrishnan, S. (2015). Estimation of mangrove carbon stocks by applying remote sensing and GIS techniques. Wetlands, 35(4):695-707.
Pratama, I. G. M. Y., Karang, I. W. G. A., & Suteja, Y. (2019). Distribusi spasial kerapatan mangrove menggunakan citra Sentinel-2A di Tahura Ngurah Rai Bali. Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 5(2):192-202.
Pricillia, C. C., Patria, M. P., & Herdiansyah, H. (2021). Environmental conditions to support blue carbon storage in mangrove forest: A case study in the mangrove forest, Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(6):3304-3314.
Ramba, F. Y., Wirasatriya, A., & Yulianto, B. (2021). Recent update of mangrove carbon-stock estimation using vegetation index analysis at Youtefa Bay, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Ecology, Environment & Conservation, 27:S57-S65.
Sani, D. A., & Hashim, M. (2018). A preliminary work on blue carbon stock mapping in mangrove habitat using satellite-based approach. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 169(1):012078.
Siddiq, A., Dimyati, M., & Damayanti, A. (2020). Analysis of carbon stock distribution of mangrove forests in the coastal city of Benoa, Bali with combination vegetation index, and statistics approach. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology, 10(6):2386-2393.
Siregar, C. A., & Dharmawan, I. W. S. (2009). Biomassa karbon pada hutan tanaman mangrove: Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Bogor: Pusat Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam.
Sitoe, A. A., Mandlate, L. J. C., & Guedes, B. S. (2014). Biomass and carbon stocks of Sofala Bay mangrove forests. Forests, 5(8):1967-1981.
Umroh, Adi, W., & Sari, S. P. (2016). Detection of mangrove distribution in Pongok Island. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 33:253-257.
Utami, F. P., Prasetyo, Y., & Sukmono, A. (2016). Analisis spasial perubahan luasan mangrove akibat pengaruh limpasan sedimentasi tersuspensi dengan metode penginderaan jauh. Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 5(1):305-315.
Utomo, S. W., Pambudi, P. A., Pramudianto, A., & Sudaryanto. (2021). The carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration potential of conservation plant Aquilaria malaccensis. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 724(1).
Vafaei, S., Soosani, J., Adeli, K., Fadaei, H., Naghavi, H., Pham, T. D., & Bui, D. T. (2018). Improving accuracy estimation of forest aboveground biomass based on incorporation of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-2A imagery and machine learning: A case study of the Hyrcanian forest area (Iran). Remote Sensing, 10(2):172.
Valderrama-Landeros, L., Flores-de-Santiago, F., Kovacs, J. M., & Flores-Verdugo, F. (2018). An assessment of commonly employed satellite-based remote sensors for mapping mangrove species in Mexico using an NDVI-based classification scheme. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190(23):1-13.
Wang, D., Wan, B., Qiu, P., Su, Y., Guo, Q., Wang, R., Sun, F., & Wu, X. (2018). Evaluating the performance of Sentinel-2, Landsat 8 and Pléiades-1 in mapping mangrove extent and species. Remote Sensing, 10(9):1468.
Wicaksono, P., Danoedoro, P., Hartono, & Nehren, U. (2016). Mangrove biomass carbon stock mapping of the Karimunjawa Islands using multispectral remote sensing. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 37(1):26-52.
Windarni, C., Setiawan, A., & Rusita, R. (2018). Carbon stock estimation of mangrove forest in Village Margasari Sub-District Labuhan Maringgai District East Lampung. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 6(1):66-74.