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Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN

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Marine Science

Occurrence of Macro- and Micro-Plastics on Pasir Pandak Beach, Sarawak, Malaysia

https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34034
Farah Akmal Idrus
Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300. Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-1707
Nur Sakinah Roslan
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, 21030. Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9598-6268
Mohd Nasarudin Harith
Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300. Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-8766

Corresponding Author(s) : Farah Akmal Idrus

aifarah@unimas.my

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN

Abstract

Highlight Research



  1. The present of microplastics is more than macroplastics on the Pasir Pandak Beach

  2. The existence of huge amount of smaller microplastics (<0.50 mm) were observed on this beach sediment

  3. Types of macroplastics found are fragment, foam, and fiber; while microplastics are fiber, filament, fragment, and foam

  4. The main polymers found are HDPE, PES, PP, and PS

  5. Clean Coast Index indicated Pasir Pandak Beach as an extremely dirty beach


 


Abstract


Pasir Pandak Beach is close to human settlements, resorts, and food stalls. It becomes a place for gathering of beachgoers especially during weekend. As a result, the beach became polluted with rubbish, particularly plastics (e.g., macro- and micro-plastics). Hence, this study was done to determine the occurrence of macro- and micro-plastics on the Pasir Pandak Beach, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Transect quadrat was used during the samples collection on the beach. The samples were then undergone the wet peroxide oxidation, filtering and classifying under dissecting microscope. Macroplastics were isolated for ATR-FTIR and SEM analyses, while microplastics were separated according to their sizes, colors, and types. Approximately 101.70 items/m2 of macro-plastics and 1084 items/m2 of micro-plastics were found in this study. Clean Coast Index (CCI) was also estimated and the calculated CCI value obtained was >20, which indicated as extremely dirty beach. Fragments of carpet/canvas/mat and hardware crate/item were the most abundance macroplastics found, followed by plastic ropes/fishing lines and bottle caps. HDPE, PES, PP, and PS were the main identified polymers. Fibers, filaments, fragments, and foams were identified for micro- and macro-plastics. Microplastics with smaller sizes of 0.25-0.50 mm were available abundantly and they comprise 63.47 % of the total microplastics found. Clear/white, black, and blue were the main colors for microplastics. SEM images presented that those adhering particles, grooves, pits, fractures, and flakes were the common patterns of degradation. No relationship was apparent between macro- and micro-plastics at each station. The abundance of macro- and micro-plastics showed that they were mainly controlled by the land-based input. As Pasir Pandak beach is busy with local communities and beachgoers, the presence of macro- and micro-plastics on the beach posing a severe threat for marine environment, thus further studies on the behavior of this emerging pollutant from beach to the seas are necessary.

Keywords

Microplastic Macroplastics Pasir Pandak Beach beach
Idrus, F. A., Roslan, N. S., & Harith, M. N. (2022). Occurrence of Macro- and Micro-Plastics on Pasir Pandak Beach, Sarawak, Malaysia. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 14(2), 214–230. https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34034
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Author Biographies

Farah Akmal Idrus, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300. Malaysia

Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300. Malaysia

Nur Sakinah Roslan, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, 21030. Malaysia

Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, 21030. Malaysia

Mohd Nasarudin Harith, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300. Malaysia

Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300. Malaysia

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