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Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impacts on Malaysian Fisheries Sectors: Lesson Learned from the Movement Control Order (MCO)
Corresponding Author(s) : Abdul Mutalib Embong
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan,
Vol. 15 No. 2 (2023): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Highlight Research
- The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the price of marine resources and the income of coastal communities has been affected.
- The government and the authorities need to come out with several incentives to control this condition and the request for fish markets can be met customarily without rising prices and declining marine resources.
- Malaysian Fisheries Development Authority (LKIM) a body that has a direct link to the fishing industry needs to ensure that all fishermen's associations participate in the purchase and marketing of fishermen's catch.
- Adaptation of fish producers will pave the way for all coastal communities to develop more organized fishing systems and sufficient food sources
Abstract
COVID-19 has a significant impact on the fishery industry, economy, and food supply. The government of Malaysia imposes a Movement Control Order (MCO) to curb the spread of COVID-19 infection. Although the MCO implementation has benefits in terms of public health, it has affected the fishery industry and the livelihood of coastal communities in Malaysia. This study aimed to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fishery industry and their livelihoods during that period of calamity. Qualitative research and thematic analysis were employed to seek deeper information on the real situation that retards the fishing activities to the opt stage. COVID-19 has already revealed gaps in health care, the economy, and food systems. The findings obtained can provide recommendations to the government to provide initiatives to fishermen to help them maintain and improve their livelihood. However, this study has limitations as the number of respondents is relatively small due to the restrictions of movement allowed by the government. Future studies could be further enhanced in terms of the impact of COVID-19 after movement restrictions have been loosened and could use a quantitative approach to obtain significant data.
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- Ahmad, N. I., Wan Mahiyuddin, W. R., Tengku Mohamad, T. R., Ling, C. Y., Daud, S. F., Hussein, N. C., & Sulaiman, L. H. (2016). Fish consumption pattern among adults of different ethnics in Peninsular Malaysia. Food & Nutrition Research, 60(1):1-15.
- Aziz, N. A., Othman, J., Lugova, H., & Suleiman, A. (2020). Malaysia's approach in handling COVID-19 onslaught: report on the Movement Control Order (MCO) and targeted screening to reduce community infection rate and impact on public health and economy. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(12):1823-1829.
- Azra, M. N., Kasan, N. A., Othman, R., Noor, G. A. G. R., Mazelan, S., Jamari, Z. B., Sarí , G., & Ikhwanuddin, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on aquaculture sector in Malaysia: Findings from the first national survey. Aquaculture Reports, 19:100568.
- Barman, A., Das, R., & De, P. K. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 in food supply chain: Disruptions and recovery strategy. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2:1-5.
- Bennett, N. J., Finkbeiner, E. M., Ban, N. C., Belhabib, D., Jupiter, S. D., Kittinger, J. N., Mangubhai, S., Scholtens, J., Gill, D., & Christie, P. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic, small-scale fisheries and coastal fishing communities. Coastal Management, 48(4):336-347.
- BERNAMA. (2020). Nelayan hadkan masa ke laut, BPN kurangkan keresahan. Retrieved from www.bernama.com on March 19, 2021.
- Boddy, C. R. (2016). Sample size for qualitative research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 19(4):1-7.
- Chu, D. K., Akl, E. A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H. J., & Reinap, M. (2020). Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 395(10242):1973-1987.
- Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
- Department of Statistic Malaysia (DOSM). (2020). Department of statistic Malaysia. Report on impact of COVID-19 towards individual and economics in fisheries sub-sector. Retrieved from www.dosm.gov.my on April 4th, 2021.
- Dworkin, S. L. (2012). Sample size policy for qualitative studies using in-depth interviews. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(6):1319-1320.
- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2020). The state of fisheries and aquaculture. The state of the world. Sustainability in action. Rome: FAO.
- Friends of Environment Malaysia (FOE). (2020). Pendapatan dan kehidupan komuniti nelayan pantai terjejas akibat Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP). Retrieved from www.foe-malaysia.org.my on May 14th, 2021.
- Fusch, P. I., & Ness, L. R. (2015). Are we there yet? Data saturation in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 20(9):1408-1416.
- Galea, S., Merchant, R. M., & Lurie, N. (2020). The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and movement control: the need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(6):817-818.
- Hoque, S., Andrioti, D., Pike, K., Hasan, M., Arifur, M., Akter, S., Mitchell, D., & Holliday, E. (2021). Knowledge, practice, and economic impacts of COVID-19 on small-scale coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh: Policy recommendations for improved livelihoods. Marine Policy, 131:104647.
- Jomitol, J., Payne, A.J., Sakirun, S., Bural, M.O. (2020). The impacts of COVID-19 to small scale fisheries in Tun Mustapha Park, Sabah, Malaysia; what do we know so far?. Preprints, 1-13.
- Lau, J., Sutcliffe, S., Barnes, M., Mbaru, E., Muly, I., Muthiga, N., Wanyonyi, S., & Cinner, J. E. (2021). COVID-19 impacts on coastal communities in Kenya. Marine Policy, 134:104803.
- Lim, L. L. (2020). The socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 in Malaysia: Policy review and guidance for protecting the most vulnerable and supporting enterprises. International Labour Organization, 1-99.
- Lugo-Morin, D. R. (2020). Global food security in a pandemic: the case of the new coronavirus (COVID-19). World, 1(2):171-190.
- Ma, N. L., Peng, W., Soon, C. F., Hassim, M. F. N., Misbah, S., Rahmat, Z., & Sonne, C. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic in the lens of food safety and security. Environmental Research, 193:110405.
- Macusi, E. D., Siblos, S. K. V., Betancourt, M. E., Macusi, E. S., Calderon, M. N., Bersaldo, M. J. I., & Digal, L. N. (2022). Impacts of COVID-19 on the Catch of small-scale fishers and their families due to restriction policies in Davao Gulf, Philippines. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8(770543):1-10.
- Minahal, Q., Munir, S., Komal, W., Fatima, S., Liaqat, R., & Shehzadi, I. (2020). Global impact of COVID-19 on aquaculture and fisheries: a review. International Journal of Fish Aquatic Study, 8(6):42-48.
- Naderifar, M., Goli, H., & Ghaljaie, F. (2017). Snowball sampling: a purposeful method of sampling in qualitative research. Strides in Development of Medical Education, 14(3):1-4.
- Rosdi, W. M. L. W., Abdullah, A. W., Taib, M. N., Halim, N. H. A., Talib, N. H. A., Shuhaimi, H., & Yusof, S. (2021). Catch composition of set net fisheries during normal season in Sungai Sembilang Waters, Selangor, Malaysia. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 13(2):271-278.
- SEAFDEC (Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center). (2018). Fisheries Country Profile: Malaysia. Retrieved from www.seafdec.org on July 2nd, 2021.
- Statista (2019). Gross domestic product (GDP) from the fishing industry in Malaysia from 2015 to 2019. Retrieved from www.statista.com on July 19th, 2021.
- Suadi, Ratih, I. W., & Nakagawa, M. (2019). Innovation in financing coastal village development through community-owned microfinance institution: A case study of village credit institution (LPD) Kedonganan Bali. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 11(2):1-10.
- The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SoFia). (2020). Sustainability in action. Retrieved from www.fao.org on July 19th, 2021.
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Coronavirus disease. Overview. Retrieved from www.who.int on June 22nd, 2021.
- Yusoff, F. M., Abdullah, A. F., Aris, A. Z., & Umi, W. A. D. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 on the aquatic environment and implications on aquatic food production. Sustainability, 13(20):11281.
References
Ahmad, N. I., Wan Mahiyuddin, W. R., Tengku Mohamad, T. R., Ling, C. Y., Daud, S. F., Hussein, N. C., & Sulaiman, L. H. (2016). Fish consumption pattern among adults of different ethnics in Peninsular Malaysia. Food & Nutrition Research, 60(1):1-15.
Aziz, N. A., Othman, J., Lugova, H., & Suleiman, A. (2020). Malaysia's approach in handling COVID-19 onslaught: report on the Movement Control Order (MCO) and targeted screening to reduce community infection rate and impact on public health and economy. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(12):1823-1829.
Azra, M. N., Kasan, N. A., Othman, R., Noor, G. A. G. R., Mazelan, S., Jamari, Z. B., Sarí , G., & Ikhwanuddin, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on aquaculture sector in Malaysia: Findings from the first national survey. Aquaculture Reports, 19:100568.
Barman, A., Das, R., & De, P. K. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 in food supply chain: Disruptions and recovery strategy. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2:1-5.
Bennett, N. J., Finkbeiner, E. M., Ban, N. C., Belhabib, D., Jupiter, S. D., Kittinger, J. N., Mangubhai, S., Scholtens, J., Gill, D., & Christie, P. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic, small-scale fisheries and coastal fishing communities. Coastal Management, 48(4):336-347.
BERNAMA. (2020). Nelayan hadkan masa ke laut, BPN kurangkan keresahan. Retrieved from www.bernama.com on March 19, 2021.
Boddy, C. R. (2016). Sample size for qualitative research. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 19(4):1-7.
Chu, D. K., Akl, E. A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H. J., & Reinap, M. (2020). Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 395(10242):1973-1987.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). California: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Department of Statistic Malaysia (DOSM). (2020). Department of statistic Malaysia. Report on impact of COVID-19 towards individual and economics in fisheries sub-sector. Retrieved from www.dosm.gov.my on April 4th, 2021.
Dworkin, S. L. (2012). Sample size policy for qualitative studies using in-depth interviews. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(6):1319-1320.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) (2020). The state of fisheries and aquaculture. The state of the world. Sustainability in action. Rome: FAO.
Friends of Environment Malaysia (FOE). (2020). Pendapatan dan kehidupan komuniti nelayan pantai terjejas akibat Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP). Retrieved from www.foe-malaysia.org.my on May 14th, 2021.
Fusch, P. I., & Ness, L. R. (2015). Are we there yet? Data saturation in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 20(9):1408-1416.
Galea, S., Merchant, R. M., & Lurie, N. (2020). The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and movement control: the need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180(6):817-818.
Hoque, S., Andrioti, D., Pike, K., Hasan, M., Arifur, M., Akter, S., Mitchell, D., & Holliday, E. (2021). Knowledge, practice, and economic impacts of COVID-19 on small-scale coastal fishing communities in Bangladesh: Policy recommendations for improved livelihoods. Marine Policy, 131:104647.
Jomitol, J., Payne, A.J., Sakirun, S., Bural, M.O. (2020). The impacts of COVID-19 to small scale fisheries in Tun Mustapha Park, Sabah, Malaysia; what do we know so far?. Preprints, 1-13.
Lau, J., Sutcliffe, S., Barnes, M., Mbaru, E., Muly, I., Muthiga, N., Wanyonyi, S., & Cinner, J. E. (2021). COVID-19 impacts on coastal communities in Kenya. Marine Policy, 134:104803.
Lim, L. L. (2020). The socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 in Malaysia: Policy review and guidance for protecting the most vulnerable and supporting enterprises. International Labour Organization, 1-99.
Lugo-Morin, D. R. (2020). Global food security in a pandemic: the case of the new coronavirus (COVID-19). World, 1(2):171-190.
Ma, N. L., Peng, W., Soon, C. F., Hassim, M. F. N., Misbah, S., Rahmat, Z., & Sonne, C. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic in the lens of food safety and security. Environmental Research, 193:110405.
Macusi, E. D., Siblos, S. K. V., Betancourt, M. E., Macusi, E. S., Calderon, M. N., Bersaldo, M. J. I., & Digal, L. N. (2022). Impacts of COVID-19 on the Catch of small-scale fishers and their families due to restriction policies in Davao Gulf, Philippines. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8(770543):1-10.
Minahal, Q., Munir, S., Komal, W., Fatima, S., Liaqat, R., & Shehzadi, I. (2020). Global impact of COVID-19 on aquaculture and fisheries: a review. International Journal of Fish Aquatic Study, 8(6):42-48.
Naderifar, M., Goli, H., & Ghaljaie, F. (2017). Snowball sampling: a purposeful method of sampling in qualitative research. Strides in Development of Medical Education, 14(3):1-4.
Rosdi, W. M. L. W., Abdullah, A. W., Taib, M. N., Halim, N. H. A., Talib, N. H. A., Shuhaimi, H., & Yusof, S. (2021). Catch composition of set net fisheries during normal season in Sungai Sembilang Waters, Selangor, Malaysia. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 13(2):271-278.
SEAFDEC (Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center). (2018). Fisheries Country Profile: Malaysia. Retrieved from www.seafdec.org on July 2nd, 2021.
Statista (2019). Gross domestic product (GDP) from the fishing industry in Malaysia from 2015 to 2019. Retrieved from www.statista.com on July 19th, 2021.
Suadi, Ratih, I. W., & Nakagawa, M. (2019). Innovation in financing coastal village development through community-owned microfinance institution: A case study of village credit institution (LPD) Kedonganan Bali. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 11(2):1-10.
The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SoFia). (2020). Sustainability in action. Retrieved from www.fao.org on July 19th, 2021.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). Coronavirus disease. Overview. Retrieved from www.who.int on June 22nd, 2021.
Yusoff, F. M., Abdullah, A. F., Aris, A. Z., & Umi, W. A. D. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 on the aquatic environment and implications on aquatic food production. Sustainability, 13(20):11281.