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Chlorophyll-a and Sea Surface Temperature Analysis Based on Shark Fishing Ground Landed at the Fish Landing Base of Ujong Baroh, West Aceh
Corresponding Author(s) : Afdhal Fuadi
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 2024: IN PRESS ISSUE (JUST ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT, 2024)
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Highlight Research
- The number of shark catches in the eastern season was 618.
- Sharks landed at PPI Ujong Baroh in six species (Sphyma lewini, Alopias pelagicus, Carcharhinus falciformis, Loxodon macrorhinus, Carcharhinus sorrah, and Chiloscyllium punctatum).
- The distribution of chlorophyll-a parameters in the eastern season ranges from 0.08 to 1.23 mg/m3 with an average value of 0.17 mg/m3.
- The distribution of sea surface temperature parameters in the eastern season ranges from 27.65 to 30.29oC with an average value of 28.65o
- Based on linear regression analysis, sharks are most highly influenced by chlorophyll-a oceanographic parameters, namely Loxodon macrorhinus by 72.82%, and sharks are highest influenced by sea surface temperatures, namely Alopias pelagicus by 83.12%.
Abstract
Sharks are top-tier water predators that can maintain marine ecology balance and control the food web. As sharks are at the top of the food chain, their overfishing can disrupt the ecosystem chain. The distribution and abundance of fish in waters can be influenced by several factors of oceanographic parameters, including chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature (SST). The use of satellite imagery for analyzing chlorophyll-a and SST parameters provides significant results in fisheries oceanographic studies. This study aimed to determine the effect of chlorophyll-a and SST parameters on shark catches. The method in this study was divided into 2 stages, namely taking shark fishing area coordinate data and downloading chlorophyll-a as well as SST satellite image data on the NASA Aqua-MODIS website. The results of the of the analysis of chlorophyll-a distribution in the eastern season ranged from 0.08 to 1.23 mg/m3 with an average value of 0.17 mg/m3, where the highest was 1.23 mg/m3 in September and the lowest was 0.08 mg/m3 in August. The SST distribution ranged from 27.65 to 30.29oC with an average of 28.65oC, the highest was 30.29oC in August and the lowest was 27.65oC in September. Based on the results of linear regression analysis, the highest shark catch was influenced by chlorophyll-a, namely Loxodon macrorhinus shark, by 72.82%, the highest shark catch type was influenced by SPL, namely Alopias pelagicus shark, by 83.12%, and the rest was influenced by other parameters.
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- Asbury, T. A., Bennett, R., Price, A. S., Silva, C., Bürgener, M., Klein, J. D., Maduna, S. N., Sidat, N., Fernando, S., & Merwe, A. E. B. (2021). Application of DNA mini-barcoding reveals illegal trade in endangered shark products in southern Africa. Journal of Marine Science, 43(4):511-520.
- Alaudin., Jaliadi., Burhanis., & Rizal, M. (2021). Sebaran ukuran dan pertumbuhan ikan hiu martil (by catch) yang didaratkan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Ujong Baroh Meulaboh. Jurnal Perikanan Tropis, 8(1):65-77.
- Aprilla, R. M., Affan, J. M., Fitri, R., Djamani, R., Fuadi, A., & Agustina, I. (2022). A study of sea surface temperature effect on purse seine catch in Aceh North Waters, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 339(6):1-4.
- Boldrocchi, G., Monticelli, D., Butti, L, Omar, M., & Bettinetti, R. (2020). First concurrent assessment of elemental-and organic- contaminant loads in skin biopsies of whale sharks from Djibouti. Science of the Total Environment, 722(25):1-9.
- Booth, H., Muttaqin, E., Simeon, B., Ichsan, M., Siregar, U., Yulianto, I., & Kessem, K (2018). Shark and ray conservation and management in Indonesia: Status and strategic priorities 2018-2023.Wildlife Conservation Society – Indonesia Program, 131-201.
- Cardeñosa, D., Fields, A. T., Shea, S. K. H., Feldheim, K. A., & Chapman, D. D. (2020). Relative contribution to the shark fin trade of Indo-Pacific and Eastern Pacific pelagic thresher sharks. Animal Conservation, 24(3):367-372.
- Clarke, S. C., Milner-Gulland, E. J., & Bjorndal, T. (2007). Social, economic, and regulatory drivers of the shark fin trade. Journal Marine Resource Economics, 22(3):305-327.
- Clarke, S. C., McAllister, M. K., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Kirkwood, G. P., Michielsens, C. G. J., Agnew, D. J., Pikitch, E. K., Nakano, H. and Shivji, M. S. (2006). Global estimates of shark catches using trade records from commercial markets. Ecology Letters, 9(10):1115-1126.
- Dulvy, N. K., Baum, J. K., Clarke, S., Compagno, L. J. V., Cortés, E., Domingo, A., Fordham, S., Fowler, S., Francis, M. P., Gibson, C., Martínez, J., Musick, J. A., Soldo, A., Stevens, J., & Valenti, S. (2008). You can swim but you can't hide: The global status and conservation of oceanic pelagic sharks and rays. Aquatic Conservation: Journal Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 18(5):459-482.
- Emiliya, Pratomo, A., & Putra, R. D. (2017). Identification of the type shark fishermen catch on Bintan Island Riau Islands Province. Laporan Penelitian. Tanjung Pinang, Kepulauan Riau: Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji.
- Erguden, D., Kabasakal, H., & Ayas, D. (2022). Fisheries by catch and conservation priorities of young sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Journal Zoology in the Middle East, 68(2):135-144.
- Fahmi., & Dharmadi. (2015). Pelagic shark fisheries of Indonesia's Eastern Indian Ocean fisheries management region. African Journal of Marine Science, 37(2):259-265.
- Febri, S. P. (2012). Evaluasi daerah penangkapan ikan layang (Decapterus Spp) berdasarkan indikator komposisi hasil tangkapan, suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a. Tesis. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- Fields, A. T., Fischer, G. A., Shea, S. K. H., Zhang, H., Feldheim, K. A., & Chapman, D. D. (2020). DNA Zip-coding: Identifying the source population supplying the international trade of a critically endangered coastal shark. Animal Conservation, 23(6):670-678.
- Fuadi, A., Musman, M., & Miswar, E. (2016). Validasi daerah potensial penangkapan ikan pelagis kecil menggunakan purse seinedengancitra satelit di perairan Pidie Jaya. Jurnal Imiah Mahasiswa Kelautan dan Perikanan Unsyiah, 1(2):195-202.
- Fuadi, A., Wiryawan, B., & Mustaruddin. (2018). Pendugaan daerah penangkapan ikan layang dengan citra satelit di perairan Aceh sekitar Pidie Jaya. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan, 9(2):149-161.
- Fuadi, A., Rizal, M., & Akbardiansyah. (2022). Pemetaan zonasi daerah penangkapan hiu dilindungi yang didaratkan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Ujong Baroh Aceh Barat. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 28(4):199-208.
- Gallagher, A. J. and Klimley, A. P. (2018). The biology and conservation status of the large hammerhead shark complex: The great, scalloped, and smooth hammerheads. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 28(4):777-794
- Hadi, S., Andayani, N., Muttaqin, E., Simeon, B. M., Ichsan, M., Subhan, B., & Madduppa, H. (2020). Genetic connectivity of the scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini across Indonesia and the Western Indian Ocean. Journal PLoS One, 15(10):1-14.
- Hair, J. R., Joseph, F., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). Multivariate data analysis. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2):139-151.
- Hamka, E. (2012). Pemetaan daerah penangkapan potensial ikan layang (Decapterus spp) di Laut Banda. Tesis. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- Herndon, A., Gallucci, V. F., DeMaster, D., & Burke, W. (2010). The case for an international commission for the conservation and management of sharks (ICCMS). Journal Marine Policy, 34(6):1239-1248.
- Houtan, K. S. V., Gagné, T. O., Reygondeau, G., Tanaka, K. R., Palumbi, S. R., & Jorgensen, S. J. (2020). Coastal sharks supply the global shark fin trade. Biology Letters, 16(10):1-4.
- Hutchinson, M., Scott, M., Bauer, R., Anderson, J., Coffey, D. M., Holland, K., Meyer, C., O'Sullivan, J., & Royer, M. (2023). Habitat use and movement patterns of adult male and juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini throughout the Hawaiian archipelago. Endangered Special Research, 52(3):41-64
- Jacques, P. J. (2010). The social oceanography of top oceanic predators and the decline of sharks: A call for a new field. Journal Progress in Oceanography, 86(1-2):192-203.
- Khaidir, A., Sari, T. E. Y., & Bustari. (2015). Pengaruh suhu permukaan laut terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) di Pelabuhan Lampulo Banda Aceh. Jurnal Online Mahasiwa Universitas Riau, 2(2):1-12.
- Lack, M., & Sant, G. (2011). The future of sharks: a review of action and inaction. TRAFFIC report. TRAFFIC International and the Pew Environment Group, Cambridge.
- Laura, A., Friedrich., Jefferson, R., & Glegg, G. (2014). Public perceptions of sharks: gathering support for shark conservation. Journal Pearl, 2(3):1-22.
- Malaria, D., Battaglia, P., Consoli, P., Arcadi, E., Longo, F., Stipa, M. G., Pagano, L., Greco, S., Andaloro, F., & Romeo, T. (2021). When opportunistic predators interact with swordfish harpoon fishing activities: shark depredation over catches in the Strait of Messina (central Mediterranean Sea). The European Zoological Journal, 88(1):226-236.
- Morgan, A., Mendes, M., Tingley, G., Brian S. W., & Sousa, P. (2022). Have fishery improvement projects (FIPs) adequately addressed key needs to monitor and mitigate fishery impacts on endangered, threatened, and protected (ETP) species? A review, with recommendations to the supply chain. Marine Biology Research, 18(4):173-186.
- Moro, S., Lasinio, J. G., Block, B., Micheli, F., De Leo, G., Serena, F., Bottaro, M., Scacco, U., & Ferretti, F. (2019). Abundance and distribution of the white shark in the Mediterranean Sea. Fish and Fisheries, 21(2):338-349.
- Nugraha, B., Samusamu, A. S., Puspasari, R., Oktaviani, D., Rachmawati, R., Rachmawati, P. F., Sulaeman, P. S., Hartati, S. T., & Wiadnyana, N. N. (2023). Biological aspects, exploitation rates, and spawning potential ratio of scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) in Lampung Bay waters, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1148(38)1-9.
- Oliver, S., Braccini, M., Newman, S. J., & Harvey, E. S. (2015). Global patterns in the by catch of sharks and rays. Journal Marine Policy, 54(2):86-97.
- Shiffman1, D. S., & Hammerschlag1, N. (2016). Shark conservation and management policy: a review and primer for non-specialists. Journal Animal Conservation, 19(5):401-412.
- Sitorus, Y. D. P., Julyantoro, P. G. S., & Dewi, A. P. W. K. (2022). Identification of dominant shark fins landed at The Port of Benoa, Bali based on CO1 Gene. Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 8(2):221-229.
- Simeon, B. M., Fajri, I., Ula, S., Muttaqin, E., Ichsan, M., Dharmadi., Damora, A., & Sarong, M. A. (2020). Laporan teknis pemantauan hasil tangkapan hiu dan pari di Provinsi Aceh. Wildlife Conservation Society-Indonesian Program, 1-57.
- Sitorus, Y. D. P., Julyantoro, P. G. S., & Dewi, A. P. W. K. (2022). Identification of dominant shark fins landed at The Port of Benoa, Bali based on CO1 Gene. Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 8(2):221-229.
- Techera, E. J., & Klein, N. (2011). Fragmented governance: Reconciling legal strategies for shark conservation and management. Journal Marine Policy, 35(1):73-78.
- Walpole, R.E. (1995). Pengantar statistika. Diterjemahkan oleh Bambang Sumantri. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
- White, W. T., Dichmont, C., Purwanto., Nurhakim, S., Dharmadi., West, R. J., Buckworth, R., Sadiyah, L., Faizah, R., Sulaiman, P. S., & Sumiono, B. (2012). Tanjung Luar (East Lombok) longline shark fishery (p.53). Australia: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS).
- Worm, B., Davis, B., Kettemer, L., Ward-Paige, C. A., Chapman, D., Heithaus, M. R., Kessel, S. T., & Gruber, S. H. (2013). Global catches, exploitation rates, and rebuilding options for sharks. Journal Marine Policy, 40(3):194-204.
References
Asbury, T. A., Bennett, R., Price, A. S., Silva, C., Bürgener, M., Klein, J. D., Maduna, S. N., Sidat, N., Fernando, S., & Merwe, A. E. B. (2021). Application of DNA mini-barcoding reveals illegal trade in endangered shark products in southern Africa. Journal of Marine Science, 43(4):511-520.
Alaudin., Jaliadi., Burhanis., & Rizal, M. (2021). Sebaran ukuran dan pertumbuhan ikan hiu martil (by catch) yang didaratkan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Ujong Baroh Meulaboh. Jurnal Perikanan Tropis, 8(1):65-77.
Aprilla, R. M., Affan, J. M., Fitri, R., Djamani, R., Fuadi, A., & Agustina, I. (2022). A study of sea surface temperature effect on purse seine catch in Aceh North Waters, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences, 339(6):1-4.
Boldrocchi, G., Monticelli, D., Butti, L, Omar, M., & Bettinetti, R. (2020). First concurrent assessment of elemental-and organic- contaminant loads in skin biopsies of whale sharks from Djibouti. Science of the Total Environment, 722(25):1-9.
Booth, H., Muttaqin, E., Simeon, B., Ichsan, M., Siregar, U., Yulianto, I., & Kessem, K (2018). Shark and ray conservation and management in Indonesia: Status and strategic priorities 2018-2023.Wildlife Conservation Society – Indonesia Program, 131-201.
Cardeñosa, D., Fields, A. T., Shea, S. K. H., Feldheim, K. A., & Chapman, D. D. (2020). Relative contribution to the shark fin trade of Indo-Pacific and Eastern Pacific pelagic thresher sharks. Animal Conservation, 24(3):367-372.
Clarke, S. C., Milner-Gulland, E. J., & Bjorndal, T. (2007). Social, economic, and regulatory drivers of the shark fin trade. Journal Marine Resource Economics, 22(3):305-327.
Clarke, S. C., McAllister, M. K., Milner-Gulland, E. J., Kirkwood, G. P., Michielsens, C. G. J., Agnew, D. J., Pikitch, E. K., Nakano, H. and Shivji, M. S. (2006). Global estimates of shark catches using trade records from commercial markets. Ecology Letters, 9(10):1115-1126.
Dulvy, N. K., Baum, J. K., Clarke, S., Compagno, L. J. V., Cortés, E., Domingo, A., Fordham, S., Fowler, S., Francis, M. P., Gibson, C., Martínez, J., Musick, J. A., Soldo, A., Stevens, J., & Valenti, S. (2008). You can swim but you can't hide: The global status and conservation of oceanic pelagic sharks and rays. Aquatic Conservation: Journal Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 18(5):459-482.
Emiliya, Pratomo, A., & Putra, R. D. (2017). Identification of the type shark fishermen catch on Bintan Island Riau Islands Province. Laporan Penelitian. Tanjung Pinang, Kepulauan Riau: Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji.
Erguden, D., Kabasakal, H., & Ayas, D. (2022). Fisheries by catch and conservation priorities of young sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii) in the Eastern Mediterranean. Journal Zoology in the Middle East, 68(2):135-144.
Fahmi., & Dharmadi. (2015). Pelagic shark fisheries of Indonesia's Eastern Indian Ocean fisheries management region. African Journal of Marine Science, 37(2):259-265.
Febri, S. P. (2012). Evaluasi daerah penangkapan ikan layang (Decapterus Spp) berdasarkan indikator komposisi hasil tangkapan, suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a. Tesis. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Fields, A. T., Fischer, G. A., Shea, S. K. H., Zhang, H., Feldheim, K. A., & Chapman, D. D. (2020). DNA Zip-coding: Identifying the source population supplying the international trade of a critically endangered coastal shark. Animal Conservation, 23(6):670-678.
Fuadi, A., Musman, M., & Miswar, E. (2016). Validasi daerah potensial penangkapan ikan pelagis kecil menggunakan purse seinedengancitra satelit di perairan Pidie Jaya. Jurnal Imiah Mahasiswa Kelautan dan Perikanan Unsyiah, 1(2):195-202.
Fuadi, A., Wiryawan, B., & Mustaruddin. (2018). Pendugaan daerah penangkapan ikan layang dengan citra satelit di perairan Aceh sekitar Pidie Jaya. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan, 9(2):149-161.
Fuadi, A., Rizal, M., & Akbardiansyah. (2022). Pemetaan zonasi daerah penangkapan hiu dilindungi yang didaratkan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Ujong Baroh Aceh Barat. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 28(4):199-208.
Gallagher, A. J. and Klimley, A. P. (2018). The biology and conservation status of the large hammerhead shark complex: The great, scalloped, and smooth hammerheads. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 28(4):777-794
Hadi, S., Andayani, N., Muttaqin, E., Simeon, B. M., Ichsan, M., Subhan, B., & Madduppa, H. (2020). Genetic connectivity of the scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini across Indonesia and the Western Indian Ocean. Journal PLoS One, 15(10):1-14.
Hair, J. R., Joseph, F., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). Multivariate data analysis. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2):139-151.
Hamka, E. (2012). Pemetaan daerah penangkapan potensial ikan layang (Decapterus spp) di Laut Banda. Tesis. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Herndon, A., Gallucci, V. F., DeMaster, D., & Burke, W. (2010). The case for an international commission for the conservation and management of sharks (ICCMS). Journal Marine Policy, 34(6):1239-1248.
Houtan, K. S. V., Gagné, T. O., Reygondeau, G., Tanaka, K. R., Palumbi, S. R., & Jorgensen, S. J. (2020). Coastal sharks supply the global shark fin trade. Biology Letters, 16(10):1-4.
Hutchinson, M., Scott, M., Bauer, R., Anderson, J., Coffey, D. M., Holland, K., Meyer, C., O'Sullivan, J., & Royer, M. (2023). Habitat use and movement patterns of adult male and juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks Sphyrna lewini throughout the Hawaiian archipelago. Endangered Special Research, 52(3):41-64
Jacques, P. J. (2010). The social oceanography of top oceanic predators and the decline of sharks: A call for a new field. Journal Progress in Oceanography, 86(1-2):192-203.
Khaidir, A., Sari, T. E. Y., & Bustari. (2015). Pengaruh suhu permukaan laut terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) di Pelabuhan Lampulo Banda Aceh. Jurnal Online Mahasiwa Universitas Riau, 2(2):1-12.
Lack, M., & Sant, G. (2011). The future of sharks: a review of action and inaction. TRAFFIC report. TRAFFIC International and the Pew Environment Group, Cambridge.
Laura, A., Friedrich., Jefferson, R., & Glegg, G. (2014). Public perceptions of sharks: gathering support for shark conservation. Journal Pearl, 2(3):1-22.
Malaria, D., Battaglia, P., Consoli, P., Arcadi, E., Longo, F., Stipa, M. G., Pagano, L., Greco, S., Andaloro, F., & Romeo, T. (2021). When opportunistic predators interact with swordfish harpoon fishing activities: shark depredation over catches in the Strait of Messina (central Mediterranean Sea). The European Zoological Journal, 88(1):226-236.
Morgan, A., Mendes, M., Tingley, G., Brian S. W., & Sousa, P. (2022). Have fishery improvement projects (FIPs) adequately addressed key needs to monitor and mitigate fishery impacts on endangered, threatened, and protected (ETP) species? A review, with recommendations to the supply chain. Marine Biology Research, 18(4):173-186.
Moro, S., Lasinio, J. G., Block, B., Micheli, F., De Leo, G., Serena, F., Bottaro, M., Scacco, U., & Ferretti, F. (2019). Abundance and distribution of the white shark in the Mediterranean Sea. Fish and Fisheries, 21(2):338-349.
Nugraha, B., Samusamu, A. S., Puspasari, R., Oktaviani, D., Rachmawati, R., Rachmawati, P. F., Sulaeman, P. S., Hartati, S. T., & Wiadnyana, N. N. (2023). Biological aspects, exploitation rates, and spawning potential ratio of scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) in Lampung Bay waters, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1148(38)1-9.
Oliver, S., Braccini, M., Newman, S. J., & Harvey, E. S. (2015). Global patterns in the by catch of sharks and rays. Journal Marine Policy, 54(2):86-97.
Shiffman1, D. S., & Hammerschlag1, N. (2016). Shark conservation and management policy: a review and primer for non-specialists. Journal Animal Conservation, 19(5):401-412.
Sitorus, Y. D. P., Julyantoro, P. G. S., & Dewi, A. P. W. K. (2022). Identification of dominant shark fins landed at The Port of Benoa, Bali based on CO1 Gene. Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 8(2):221-229.
Simeon, B. M., Fajri, I., Ula, S., Muttaqin, E., Ichsan, M., Dharmadi., Damora, A., & Sarong, M. A. (2020). Laporan teknis pemantauan hasil tangkapan hiu dan pari di Provinsi Aceh. Wildlife Conservation Society-Indonesian Program, 1-57.
Sitorus, Y. D. P., Julyantoro, P. G. S., & Dewi, A. P. W. K. (2022). Identification of dominant shark fins landed at The Port of Benoa, Bali based on CO1 Gene. Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 8(2):221-229.
Techera, E. J., & Klein, N. (2011). Fragmented governance: Reconciling legal strategies for shark conservation and management. Journal Marine Policy, 35(1):73-78.
Walpole, R.E. (1995). Pengantar statistika. Diterjemahkan oleh Bambang Sumantri. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
White, W. T., Dichmont, C., Purwanto., Nurhakim, S., Dharmadi., West, R. J., Buckworth, R., Sadiyah, L., Faizah, R., Sulaiman, P. S., & Sumiono, B. (2012). Tanjung Luar (East Lombok) longline shark fishery (p.53). Australia: Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security (ANCORS).
Worm, B., Davis, B., Kettemer, L., Ward-Paige, C. A., Chapman, D., Heithaus, M. R., Kessel, S. T., & Gruber, S. H. (2013). Global catches, exploitation rates, and rebuilding options for sharks. Journal Marine Policy, 40(3):194-204.