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Biological Parameters and Stock Status of Crimson Snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus) in Indonesia FMA 712 based at Brondong Fishing Port
Corresponding Author(s) : Am Azbas Taurusman
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 2025: JIPK VOLUME 17 ISSUE 3 YEAR 2025 (OCTOBER 2025, ISSUE IN PROGRESS)
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Highlight Research
This research highlight presents a focused summary of the key findings from our study in the field of fisheries science, specifically addressing the biological parameters and stock status of economically important fish species. There is highlighted research presented in this study, namely:
- Crimson snapper in PPN Brondong is captured using four types of fishing gear: cantrang, jaring tarik berkantong, handline, and bottom longline.
- The growth pattern of the crimson snapper is negative allometric.
- The Gonad Maturity Level (GML) of the catch was predominantly composed of crimson snapper at GML I and GML II.
- The asymptotic length (L∞) of crimson snapper was 47.68 cm, with K = 0.4 per year, total mortality (Z) = 2.44 per year, natural mortality (M) = 0.98 per year, capture mortality (F) of 1.55 per year, and exploitation rate (E) = 0.60
- The estimated value of the crimson snapper SPR was 22% suggesting that the crimson snapper stock is ‘fully exploited’.
Abstract
The utilization status of crimson snapper stock in the Northern Java Sea (FMA 712) has reached optimum, tending to be over-exploited. This study aims to evaluate the stock status of crimson snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus) in FMA 712, especially in the northern waters of East Java. This research utilized catch data from the Brondong fishing port. The stratified random sampling method was utilized to collect samples at the research site. The findings indicate that the growth pattern of L. erythropterus exhibits a tendency towards negative allometry, with fishing mortality (F = 1.55) exceeding natural mortality (M = 0.89). The exploitation rate has reached a status of ‘fully exploited’ (E = 0.6). The Gonad Maturity Level (GML) of the catch is predominantly composed of GML I and GML II, suggesting that the majority of the captured fish have not yet spawned. It relates to the predominance of cantrang and jaring tarik berkantong, which capture fish of juvenile size. Thus, the Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) parameter indicates it is ‘fully exploited’ (SPR = 0.22), i.e., the utilization rate has exceeded the limit of natural capacity for recruitment. This SPR value confirms: the utilization rate parameter (E), the fact that catch sizes tend to get smaller, and the results of previous studies in FMA 712. It is imperative to regulate the fishing efforts targeting the crimson snapper, as well as the deployment of cantrang and jaring tarik berkantong, which pose potential threats to the sustainability of this fishery.
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- Amorim, P., Sousa, P., Jardim, E., Azevedo, M. & Menezes, G. M. (2020). Length-frequency data approaches to evaluate snapper and grouper fisheries in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Fisheries Research, 229(9):1-15.
- Ayuningtyas, O. A., Kasim, K., Imran, Z., & Kodiran, T. (2023). Population parameters of red snapper (Lutjanus Malabaricus) in Arafura Sea FMA 718. BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap, 15(2):76-87.
- Azkia, L. I., Fitri, A. D. P., & Triarso, I. (2015). Analysis of catch results per fishing effort and fishing season patterns of red snapper (Lutjanus sp.) resources landed at PPN Brondong, Lamongan, East Java. Journal of Fisheries Resources Utilization Management and Technology, 4(4):1-7.
- Brooks, E. N., Powers, J. E., & Cortes, E. (2010). Analytical reference points for age-structured models: Application to data-poor fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67(1):165-175.
- Demirel, N., Nauen, C. E., & Palomares, M. L. D. (2023). Fishing effort and the evolving nature of its efficiency. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10(1):1-4.
- Effendie, M. (1979). Fisheries Biology Methods. Bogor: Dewi Sri Foundation.
- Ernawati, T., & Budiarti T. W. (2020). Life history and length based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) of malabar snapper Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in western of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 404(1):1-9.
- Fisch, N., & Camp, E. V. (2022). Spawning potential ratio: A key metric considered in managing Florida’s fisheries. Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 3(2022):1-5.
- Firdaus, M., Salim, G., Cahyadi, J., Weliyadi, E. & Bintoro, G. (2020). Model and nature of growth of red snapper fish (Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1775)) fishing catch of bottom fish pots in Bunyu waters, North Kalimantan. AACL Biofluz, 13(3):1-12.
- Froese, R., & Binohlan, C. (2000). Empirical relationships to estimate asymptotic length, length at first maturity and length at maximum yield per recruit in fishes, with a simple method to evaluate length frequency data. Journal of Fish Biology, 56(4):758-773.
- Fry, G. C., & Milton, D. A. (2009). Age, growth and mortality estimates for populations of red snappers Lutjanus erythropterus and L. malabaricus from Northern Australia and Eastern Indonesia. Fisheries Science. 75(5):1219-1229.
- Fry, G., Milton, D. A., Velde, T. V. D., Stobutzki, I., Andamari, R., Badrudin, & Sumiono, B. (2009). Reproductive dynamics and nursery habitat preferences of two commercially important Indo-Pacific red snappers, Lutjanus erythropterus and L. malabaricus. Fisheries Science, 75(5):145-158.
- Hapsari, A. D., Zairion., Kamal, M. M., Kosasih, G., & Saputra, A. (2023). Population dynamic parameters and length based spawning potential ratio (LB-SPR) of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the Eastern Java Sea. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1137(1):1-8.
- Herwaty, S., Mallawa, A., Najamuddin, N., & Zainuddin, M. (2023). Age, growth, mortality, and population characteristics of the red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the Timor Sea waters, Indonesia. Biodiversity Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(4):2217-2224.
- Hommik, K., Fitzgerald, C. J., Kelly, F., & Shephard, S. (2020). Dome-shaped selectivity in LB-SPR: Length-based assessment of data-limited inland fish stocks sampled with gillnets. Fisheries Research, 229(9):1-15.
- Hordyk, A., Ono, K., Valencia, S., Loneragan, N., & Prince, J. (2015). A novel length-based empirical estimation method of spawning potential ratio (SPR), and tests of its performance, for small-scale, data-poor fisheries. ICES Journal Marine Science, 72(1):217-231.
- Newman, S. J., Cappo, M., & Williams, D. M. B. (2000). Age, growth, mortality rates and corresponding yield estimates using otoliths of the tropical red snappers, Lutjanus erythropterus, L. malabaricus and L. sebae, from the central Great Barrier Reef. Fisheries Research. 48(1):1-14.
- Nurulludin, Amri, K., & Lestari, P. (2019). Population parameters of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the South China Sea. Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan Terapan, 2(1):41-47.
- Oktaviyani, S., & Kurniawan, W. (2017). Reproductive aspects of brownstripe red snapper fish Lutjanus vitta (Quoy & Gainmard, 1824) in Jakarta Bay and its surroundings. Jurnal Iktiology Indonesia, 17(2):215-225.
- Palomares, M. L. D., Froese, R., Derrick, B., Meeuwig, J. J., Noel, S. L., & Tsui, G. (2020). Fishery biomass trends of exploited fish populations in marine ecoregions, climatic zones and ocean basins. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 243(12):1-10.
- [PDSPKP] Directorate General of Strengthening the Competitiveness of Marine and Fishery Products. (2020). Statistics of Fishery Product Exports 2019. Jakarta: DJPDSPKP.
- Prince, J., Victor, S., Kloulchad, V., & Hordyk, A. (2015). Length based SPR assessment of eleven Indo-Pacific coral reef fish populations in Palau. Fisheries Research, 171(2):42-58.
- Prince, J., Lalavanua, W., Tamanitoakula, J., Tamata, L., Green, S., Radway, S., Loganimoce, E., Vodivodi, T., Marama, K., Waqainabette, P., Jeremiah, F., Nalasi, D., Naleba, M., Naisillisili, W., Kaloudrau, U., Lagi, L., Logatabua, K., Dautei, R., Tikaram, R., Sloan, J., & Mangubhai, S. (2021). Spawning potential surveys in Fiji: A new song of change for small‐scale fisheries in the Pacific. Conservation Science and Practice, 3(2):273-286.
- Rapi, N. L., Djumanto, D., & Murwantoko, M. (2023). Population dynamics of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in Pinrang Waters. Indonesian Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 28(4):177-185.
- Sparre, P. & Venema, S. C. (1998). Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment. Fisheries Research and Development Agency: Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment. FAO Fish Tech. Paper. 306.(1) 376 pp.
- Taurusman, A. A., Wulandari, T. L., Nurani, T. W., Wiryawan, B., Yulianto, I., Novita, Y., & Wahju, R. I. (2025). Assessing the indicated impact of cantrang (boat Danish seine) based on catch characteristics in Java Sea, Indonesia. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 28(5):343-355.
- Tirtadanu, T., Wagiyo, K., & Sadhotomo, B. (2018). Growth, yield per recruit and spawning potential ratio of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus, Schneider,1801) in Sinjai and adjacent waters. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 24(1):1-10.
- Usman, A., Sumadhiharga, O. K., & Patria, M. P. (2014). Management of red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) resources in the North Cirebon Waters, Java Sea. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan, 5(1):65-74.
- Wahyuningsih, W., Prihatiningsih, P. & Ernawati, T. (2016). Population parameters of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the eastern Java Sea waters. BAWAL Fisheries Research Center, 5(3):175-179.
- Warren, C., & Steenbergen, D. J. (2021). Fisheries decline, local livelihoods and conflicted governance: An Indonesian case. Ocean and Coastal Management, 202(4):1-13.
- Wiadnya, D. G. R., Harlyan, L. I., Rahman, M. A., Mustikarani, S. M. I., Nadhiroh, E. N. S., & Taufani, W.T. (2023). Stock status and supporting species of anchovy fisheries in the northern part of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversity Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(9):1-8.
- Widodo. (2002). Introduction to Fish Stock Assessment. Center for Capture Fisheries Research. Marine and Fisheries Research Agency. Jakarta. 16 pages.
- Yan, H. F., Kyne, P. M., Jabado, R. W., Leeney, R. H., Davidson, L. N. K., Derrick, D. H., Finucci, B., Freckleton, R. P., Fordham, S. V., & Dulvy, N. K. (2021). Overfishing and habitat loss drive range contraction of iconic marine fishes to near extinction. Science Advances, 7(7):1-10.
- Yonvitner, Y., Boer, M., & Kurnia, R. (2021). Spawning potential ratio (SPR) approach as a management measure of skipjack sustainability record from Cilacap Fishing Port, Central Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 13(2):199-207.
References
Amorim, P., Sousa, P., Jardim, E., Azevedo, M. & Menezes, G. M. (2020). Length-frequency data approaches to evaluate snapper and grouper fisheries in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Fisheries Research, 229(9):1-15.
Ayuningtyas, O. A., Kasim, K., Imran, Z., & Kodiran, T. (2023). Population parameters of red snapper (Lutjanus Malabaricus) in Arafura Sea FMA 718. BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap, 15(2):76-87.
Azkia, L. I., Fitri, A. D. P., & Triarso, I. (2015). Analysis of catch results per fishing effort and fishing season patterns of red snapper (Lutjanus sp.) resources landed at PPN Brondong, Lamongan, East Java. Journal of Fisheries Resources Utilization Management and Technology, 4(4):1-7.
Brooks, E. N., Powers, J. E., & Cortes, E. (2010). Analytical reference points for age-structured models: Application to data-poor fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67(1):165-175.
Demirel, N., Nauen, C. E., & Palomares, M. L. D. (2023). Fishing effort and the evolving nature of its efficiency. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10(1):1-4.
Effendie, M. (1979). Fisheries Biology Methods. Bogor: Dewi Sri Foundation.
Ernawati, T., & Budiarti T. W. (2020). Life history and length based spawning potential ratio (LBSPR) of malabar snapper Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in western of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 404(1):1-9.
Fisch, N., & Camp, E. V. (2022). Spawning potential ratio: A key metric considered in managing Florida’s fisheries. Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 3(2022):1-5.
Firdaus, M., Salim, G., Cahyadi, J., Weliyadi, E. & Bintoro, G. (2020). Model and nature of growth of red snapper fish (Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1775)) fishing catch of bottom fish pots in Bunyu waters, North Kalimantan. AACL Biofluz, 13(3):1-12.
Froese, R., & Binohlan, C. (2000). Empirical relationships to estimate asymptotic length, length at first maturity and length at maximum yield per recruit in fishes, with a simple method to evaluate length frequency data. Journal of Fish Biology, 56(4):758-773.
Fry, G. C., & Milton, D. A. (2009). Age, growth and mortality estimates for populations of red snappers Lutjanus erythropterus and L. malabaricus from Northern Australia and Eastern Indonesia. Fisheries Science. 75(5):1219-1229.
Fry, G., Milton, D. A., Velde, T. V. D., Stobutzki, I., Andamari, R., Badrudin, & Sumiono, B. (2009). Reproductive dynamics and nursery habitat preferences of two commercially important Indo-Pacific red snappers, Lutjanus erythropterus and L. malabaricus. Fisheries Science, 75(5):145-158.
Hapsari, A. D., Zairion., Kamal, M. M., Kosasih, G., & Saputra, A. (2023). Population dynamic parameters and length based spawning potential ratio (LB-SPR) of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the Eastern Java Sea. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1137(1):1-8.
Herwaty, S., Mallawa, A., Najamuddin, N., & Zainuddin, M. (2023). Age, growth, mortality, and population characteristics of the red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the Timor Sea waters, Indonesia. Biodiversity Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(4):2217-2224.
Hommik, K., Fitzgerald, C. J., Kelly, F., & Shephard, S. (2020). Dome-shaped selectivity in LB-SPR: Length-based assessment of data-limited inland fish stocks sampled with gillnets. Fisheries Research, 229(9):1-15.
Hordyk, A., Ono, K., Valencia, S., Loneragan, N., & Prince, J. (2015). A novel length-based empirical estimation method of spawning potential ratio (SPR), and tests of its performance, for small-scale, data-poor fisheries. ICES Journal Marine Science, 72(1):217-231.
Newman, S. J., Cappo, M., & Williams, D. M. B. (2000). Age, growth, mortality rates and corresponding yield estimates using otoliths of the tropical red snappers, Lutjanus erythropterus, L. malabaricus and L. sebae, from the central Great Barrier Reef. Fisheries Research. 48(1):1-14.
Nurulludin, Amri, K., & Lestari, P. (2019). Population parameters of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the South China Sea. Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan Terapan, 2(1):41-47.
Oktaviyani, S., & Kurniawan, W. (2017). Reproductive aspects of brownstripe red snapper fish Lutjanus vitta (Quoy & Gainmard, 1824) in Jakarta Bay and its surroundings. Jurnal Iktiology Indonesia, 17(2):215-225.
Palomares, M. L. D., Froese, R., Derrick, B., Meeuwig, J. J., Noel, S. L., & Tsui, G. (2020). Fishery biomass trends of exploited fish populations in marine ecoregions, climatic zones and ocean basins. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 243(12):1-10.
[PDSPKP] Directorate General of Strengthening the Competitiveness of Marine and Fishery Products. (2020). Statistics of Fishery Product Exports 2019. Jakarta: DJPDSPKP.
Prince, J., Victor, S., Kloulchad, V., & Hordyk, A. (2015). Length based SPR assessment of eleven Indo-Pacific coral reef fish populations in Palau. Fisheries Research, 171(2):42-58.
Prince, J., Lalavanua, W., Tamanitoakula, J., Tamata, L., Green, S., Radway, S., Loganimoce, E., Vodivodi, T., Marama, K., Waqainabette, P., Jeremiah, F., Nalasi, D., Naleba, M., Naisillisili, W., Kaloudrau, U., Lagi, L., Logatabua, K., Dautei, R., Tikaram, R., Sloan, J., & Mangubhai, S. (2021). Spawning potential surveys in Fiji: A new song of change for small‐scale fisheries in the Pacific. Conservation Science and Practice, 3(2):273-286.
Rapi, N. L., Djumanto, D., & Murwantoko, M. (2023). Population dynamics of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in Pinrang Waters. Indonesian Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 28(4):177-185.
Sparre, P. & Venema, S. C. (1998). Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment. Fisheries Research and Development Agency: Introduction to Tropical Fish Stock Assessment. FAO Fish Tech. Paper. 306.(1) 376 pp.
Taurusman, A. A., Wulandari, T. L., Nurani, T. W., Wiryawan, B., Yulianto, I., Novita, Y., & Wahju, R. I. (2025). Assessing the indicated impact of cantrang (boat Danish seine) based on catch characteristics in Java Sea, Indonesia. Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 28(5):343-355.
Tirtadanu, T., Wagiyo, K., & Sadhotomo, B. (2018). Growth, yield per recruit and spawning potential ratio of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus, Schneider,1801) in Sinjai and adjacent waters. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, 24(1):1-10.
Usman, A., Sumadhiharga, O. K., & Patria, M. P. (2014). Management of red snapper (Lutjanus spp.) resources in the North Cirebon Waters, Java Sea. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan dan Kelautan, 5(1):65-74.
Wahyuningsih, W., Prihatiningsih, P. & Ernawati, T. (2016). Population parameters of red snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in the eastern Java Sea waters. BAWAL Fisheries Research Center, 5(3):175-179.
Warren, C., & Steenbergen, D. J. (2021). Fisheries decline, local livelihoods and conflicted governance: An Indonesian case. Ocean and Coastal Management, 202(4):1-13.
Wiadnya, D. G. R., Harlyan, L. I., Rahman, M. A., Mustikarani, S. M. I., Nadhiroh, E. N. S., & Taufani, W.T. (2023). Stock status and supporting species of anchovy fisheries in the northern part of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversity Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(9):1-8.
Widodo. (2002). Introduction to Fish Stock Assessment. Center for Capture Fisheries Research. Marine and Fisheries Research Agency. Jakarta. 16 pages.
Yan, H. F., Kyne, P. M., Jabado, R. W., Leeney, R. H., Davidson, L. N. K., Derrick, D. H., Finucci, B., Freckleton, R. P., Fordham, S. V., & Dulvy, N. K. (2021). Overfishing and habitat loss drive range contraction of iconic marine fishes to near extinction. Science Advances, 7(7):1-10.
Yonvitner, Y., Boer, M., & Kurnia, R. (2021). Spawning potential ratio (SPR) approach as a management measure of skipjack sustainability record from Cilacap Fishing Port, Central Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 13(2):199-207.