The Effects of Combined Fruit-Infused Water (Apple, Pineapple, Strawberry, Cucumber) on Blood Pressure and Fasting Blood Glucose in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Downloads
ABSTRACT
Background: Fruit-infused water (FIW) contains antioxidants and potassium as a antihyperglycemic and antihypertension via inhibition or break the chain of radical reaction but has not been proven in patients with MS.
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of FIW on blood pressure and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in patients with MS.
Method: This is a Randomized-Control Trial with pre-posttest control group design. 24 patients of Cakranegara Health Center who fulfilled the criteria were randomly divided into control (given counseling only) and treatment (counseling + FIW consists of apple, cucumber, pineapple and strawberry in 250 ml water for 14 days) groups. Blood pressure and FBG were measured before and after intervention. Chi Square was used for descriptive analyze, whereas T-test, Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon was used for differences in means.
Result: In the treatment group (n=11), systolic and diastolic mean levels were decreased by 5,4 mmHg (p=0,140) and 0,9 mmHg (p=0,792) respectively. However, FBG levels were increased by 9,2 mg/dL (p=0.929). There were no differences on systolic (p=0,448), diastolic (p=0,835) and FBG (p=0,599) between two groups.
Conclusion: FIW consumption are unable to improve blood pressure and FBG levels on metabolic syndrome.
Keywords: Fruit-Infused Water, Blood Pressure, Fasting Blood Sugar Level, Metabolic Syndrome
Saklayen MG. The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018 Feb;20(2):12.
Herningtyas EH, Ng TS. Prevalence and distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components among provinces and ethnic groups in Indonesia. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1–12.
Adel Bakir M, Hammad K, Bagdadi K. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among type 2 diabetic mellitus Syrian patients according to NCEP-ATP III and IDF diagnostic criteria. Anthropol Rev. 2019;82(1):1–14.
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Indonesia [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2019 Nov 27]. Available from: http://www.healthdata.org/indonesia
Chalvon-Demersay T, Azzout-Marniche D, Arfsten J, Egli L, Gaudichon C, Karagounis LG, et al. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Plant Compared with Animal Protein Sources on Features of Metabolic Syndrome. J Nutr. 2017;(3):jn239574.
Abdelaal M, le Roux CW, Docherty NG. Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(7):1–12.
Han TS, Lean ME. A clinical perspective of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;5:204800401663337.
Petrie JR, Guzik TJ, Touyz RM. Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Clinical Insights and Vascular Mechanisms. Can J Cardiol [Internet]. 2018;34(5):575–84. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2017.12.005
Ou B, Huang D, Hampsch-Woodill M, Flanagan JA, Deemer EK. Analysis of antioxidant activities of common vegetables employing oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays: A comparative study. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(11):3122–8.
Parwata MOA. Bahan Ajar Antioksidan. Kim Terap Progr Pascasarj Univ Udayana. 2016;(April):1–54.
Thiagarajah K, Ong MK, Teh LK, Lye HS. Plants Infused Water as Preferred Healthy Drinks [Internet]. Bottled and Packaged Water. Elsevier Inc.; 2019. 367–402 p. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815272-0.00013-1
Álvarez R, Araya H, Navarro-Lisboa R, de Dicastillo CL. Evaluation of polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of fruits and vegetables using a modified enzymatic extraction. Food Technol Biotechnol. 2016;54(4):462–7.
Sampath C, Rashid MR, Sang S, Ahmedna M. Specific bioactive compounds in ginger and apple alleviate hyperglycemia in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity via Nrf2 mediated pathway. Food Chem [Internet]. 2017;226:79–88. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.056
Mandave P, Khadke S, Karandikar M, Pandit V, Ranjekar P, Kuvalekar A, et al. Antidiabetic, lipid normalizing, and nephroprotective actions of the strawberry: A potent supplementary fruit. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(1).
Foroncewicz B, Mucha K, Heidland A, Ciszek M, Imiela J, Helle F, et al. Modulation of serum levels of sRAGE by bromelain in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study. Vol. 122, Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej. Poland; 2012. p. 514–6.
Banks JM, Herman CT, Bailey RC. Bromelain Decreases Neutrophil Interactions with P- Selectin , but Not E-Selectin , In Vitro by Proteolytic Cleavage of P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1. 2013;8(11).
Sharmin, R; Khan, M.R.I; Akhter, M.A; Alim, A; Islam, M.A; Anisuzzaman, A.S.M; Ahmed M. Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of Cucumber , White Pumpkin and Ridge Gourd in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. 2013;5(1):161–70.
Huang PL. A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome. DMM Dis Model Mech. 2009;2(5–6):231–7.
Nugrahani NA. Perbedaan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Antara Ekstrak Buah Kiwi Dan Apel Secara in Vitro. Sci J Farm dan Kesehat. 2020;10(1):90.
Solikhah A ulfa. Pengaruh pemberian infused water mentimun terhadap perubahan tekanan darah pada lansia hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Takeran Kabupaten Magetan [Internet]. Stikes Bhakti Husada Mulia Madiun; 2019. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/843326
Putranto HB. Pengaruh infused water kombinasi anggur merah (Vitis vinifera), semangka (Citrullus lanatus), dan kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) terhadap penurunan tekanan darah laki-laki dewasa. Universitas Kristen Maranatha; 2015.
Ekmekcioglu C, Elmadfa I, Meyer AL, Moeslinger T. The role of dietary potassium in hypertension and diabetes. J Physiol Biochem. 2016;72(1):93–106.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. PMK No.28 Tahun 2019 tentang AKG. 2019.
Giacco R, Costabile G, Riccardi G. Metabolic effects of dietary carbohydrates: The importance of food digestion. Food Res Int. 2015;
Hoyas I, Leon-Sanz M. Nutritional Challenges in Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med. 2019;8(9):1301.
Ali MA, Mukarromah SB, Anggita GM, Suraya F, Anam K. Effect of fruit-infused water (Combination of Apple, Banana and Lemon) on blood glucose in young men. Vol. 15, Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2016. p. 693–5.
Zhang Y, Zhang DZ. Associations of vegetable and fruit consumption with metabolic syndrome. A meta-analysis of observational studies. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(9):1693–703.
Chen JP, Chen GC, Wang XP, Qin L, Bai Y. Dietary fiber and metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis and review of related mechanisms. Nutrients. 2018;10(1).
Rochlani, Yogita; Pothineni, Naga Venkata; Kovelamudi , Swathi and Mehta JL. Metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology, management, and modulation by natural compounds. Ther Adv Vaccines. 2017;11(8):215–25.
Wahyuni DD. Perbandingan aktivitas antioksidan pada buah apel segar Romebeauty dan produk olahan sari apel dengan metode ABTS. University of Muhammadiyah Malang; 2018.
Purwanto ST. Perbandingan aktivitas antioksidan pada buah apel Manalagi dan produk olahan sari apel Manalagi dengan metode ABTS. University of Muhammadiyah Malang; 2018.
Irianti T, Mada UG, Ugm S, Mada UG, Nuranto S, Mada UG, et al. Antioksidan. 2017;(October).
Zhang J, Zhao L, Cheng Q, Ji B, Yang M, Sanidad KZ, et al. Structurally Different Flavonoid Subclasses Attenuate High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2018;66(46):12412–20.
Sarwono S. Pengaruh Proses Pengolahan terhadap Kadar Kalium pada Sayuran. Institute Pertanian Bogor. Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2017.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Tabel Komposisi Pangan Indonesia. Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2018.
Wijendran V, Bell SJ, Sc D. Relationship of Dietary Sodium , Potassium and The Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio to Blood Pressure. 2019;3(5):5–9.
Burnier M. Should we eat more potassium to better control blood pressure in hypertension? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019;34(2):184–93.
AMERTA NUTR by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
4. The Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
