Total Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Food Bar Torbangun – Katuk on The Effectiveness of Breast Milk Production
Total Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Food Bar Torbangun – Katuk terhadap Efektivitas Produksi ASI
Downloads
Background: The main reason for discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding is the low milk supply. Torbangun and Katuk are galactagogues that can stimulate milk production and be modified into food bars to increase breast milk production. Modifying the food bar using Torbangun and Katuk is food fortification to increase milk production for breastfeeding mothers.
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Torbangun flour, Katuk flour, and food bar Torbangun Katuk products and to analyze the effectiveness of Torbangun Katuk food bar in breastfeeding mothers
Methods: This was pre-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design to analyze milk production before and after consuming food bars. Raw materials and food bar products were analyzed for total flavonoids with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) method. The food bar had 2.5% Torbangun flour and 5% Katuk flour. The effectiveness test was conducted on ten breastfeeding mothers. Effectiveness was seen from changes in breast milk volume before and after consuming food bars with pairing T test for analysis.
Results: chemical analysis showed that the total flavonoids of Torbangun and Katuk flour were 4.06 mg/g and 5.30 mg/g, and antioxidants in Torbangun and Katuk flour were 39.77 ppm and 307.96 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, the total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the Torbangun Katuk food bar product were 0.36±0.06 mg/g and 116.01±36.83 ppm, respectively. The effectiveness results showed an increase of 54.98% between the average breast milk volume before and after consuming food bars. Giving food bars significantly affected breastmilk production (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Torbangun flour and Katuk flour have the potential as food additives to increase breast milk production.
Brahm, P. & Valdés, V. Benefits of Breastfeeding and Risks Associated with Not Breastfeeding. Rev. Chil. Pediatrics 88, 07–14 (2017).
Rahmawati, W.et al. Overview of Nutritional Problems in 1000 HPK in the City and District of Malang, Indonesia. Indonesia. J. Hum. Nutr. 3, 20–31 (2016).
Wulandari, MRS, Suartha, IN & Dharmawati, NLP. The Relationship between Breastfeeding Mother's Motivation and the Success of Exclusive Breastfeeding. J. Cent. Res. Publ. Midwifery Nurs. 4, 33–39 (2020).
Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Health. Indonesia Health Profile 2019. (Ministry of Health RI, 2020).
Riskesdas Team. 2018 RISKESDAS National Report. Health Research and Development Agency (2018).
Foong, SCet al. Oral Galactagogues (Natural Therapies or Drugs) for Increasing Breast Milk Production in Mothers of Non-Hospitalized Term Infants. Cochrane Database System. Rev. 2020, (2020).
Tabares, FP, Jaramillo, JVB & Ruiz-Cortés, ZT Pharmacological Overview of Galactogogues. Vet. med. int. 2014, 1–20 (2014).
Zuppa, AAet al. Safety and Efficacy of Galactogogues: Substances That Induce, Maintain and Increase Breast Milk Production. J. Pharm. Pharm. sci. 13, 162–174 (2010).
Anipindi, S., Field, A., Neville, C. & Field, E. Common Breastfeeding Problems. InnovAiT 13, 436–443 (2020).
Zapantis, A., Steinberg, JG & Schilit, L. Use of Herbals as Galactagogues. J. Pharm. Pract. 25, 222–231 (2012).
Sim, TF, Laetitia Hattingh, H., Sherriff, J. & Tee, LBG The Use, Perceived Effectiveness and Safety of Herbal Galactagogues During Breastfeeding: A Qualitative Study. int. J.Environ. Res. Public Health 12, 11050–11071 (2015).
Zulkefli, AF, Idrus, R. & Hamid, AA. Nigella sativa as a Galactagogue: A Systematic Review. Malaysian Science 49, 1719–1727 (2020).
Hale, TW & Kendall-tackett, K. Domperidone Versus Metoclopramide. Clin. Lact. 9, 10–17 (2018).
Mortel, M. & Mehta, SD. Systematic Review of The Efficacy of Herbal Galactogogues. J. Hum. Lact. 29, 154–162 (2013).
Buntuchai, G., Pavadhgul, P., Kittipichai, W. & Satheannoppakao, W. Traditional Galactagogue Foods and Their Connection to Human Milk Volume in Thai Breastfeeding Mothers. J. Hum. Lact. 33, 552–559 (2017).
Patel, HN, Desai, HB & Krishnamurthy, R. Plant as a Booster For Lactation. Nat. Prod. and Indian J. 9, 298–304 (2013).
Iwansyah, AC, Damanik, RM, Kustiyah, L. & Hanafi, M. The Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus L.) Leaves Increasing Milk Production With Up-Regulated Genes Expression of Prolactin Receptor. J. Trop. Life Sci. 9, 147–154 (2019).
Doloksaribu, TH, Syarief, H., Damanik, R. & Marliyati, SA. The Development of Torbangun Flour-Based Functional Supplementary Food for Breastfeeding Mothers. int. J. Sci. Basic Appl. Res. 23, 348–355 (2015).
Juliastuti. The Effectiveness of Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynus) on the Adequacy of Breast Milk in Breastfeeding Mothers at the Kuta Baro Health Center in Aceh Besar. Indonesia. J. Heal. sci. 3.1–5 (2019).
Satyaningtyas, E. & Estiasih, T. Lactogenic Bread, Breast Milk Stimulant, Based on Local Wisdom of Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynus(L.) Merr). J. Food and Agroindustry 2, 121–131 (2014).
Turkiilmaz, C.et al.The Effect of Galactagogue Herbal Tea on Breast Milk Production and Short-Term Catch-Up of Birth Weight in the First Week of Life. J. Altern. Complements. med. 17, 139–142 (2011).
Jayadeepa. In Silico Techniques for the Identification of Novel Natural Compounds for Secreting Human Breast Milk. WebmedCentral Bioinforma. 2, 1–6 (2011).
Damanik, MRM, Kustiyah, L., Hanafi & Iwansyah, AC. Evaluation of Lactogenic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Torbangun(Coleus amboinicusL.) Leaves. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environment. sci. 101, 1–10 (2017).
Wisdom, EM & Susilowati, R.Sauropus androgynusfor Increasing Uterine Weight in Menopausal Women: An Experimental Study Using Animal Models. in Proceedings of Surabaya International Physiology Seminar (SIPS 2017) 101–105 (2018). doi:10.5220/0007333601010105.
Fathoni, A., Sumarlin, LO, Putri, JR & Fitriana, N. Antioxidant Activity of Mixed Katuk Leaf Extract and Honey.EduChemia (Journal of Kim. and Education)5, 168 (2020).
Nguyen, NQet al. Evaluation of Total Polyphenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Plectranthus Amboinicus Leaves. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. sci. Eng. 736, (2020).
Slusarczyk, S.et al. Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Coleus amboinicus Lour. Cultivated in Indonesia and Poland. Molecules 26, 1–22 (2021).
Nurdianti, L. & Tuslinah, L. Antioxidant Effectiveness Test of Katuk Leaf Ethanol Extract Cream (Sauropus Androgynus (L) Merr) against DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazil). J. Health. Bakti Tunas Husada J. Nursing Sciences, Anal. healthy. and Farms. 17, 87 (2017).
Tafzi, F., Andarwulan, N., Giriwonob, PE & Dewid, FN. Efficacy of Methanol Extract of Torbangun Leaves (Plectranthus amboinicus) in Epithelial Cells of Mammary Gland MCF-12A. J. Indonesian Pharmaceutical Sciences. 15, 17–24 (2017).
Wirawati, CU, Sudarwanto, M., Lukman, D. & Wientarsih, I. Local Plants as Feed Supplementation to Improve Ruminant Milk Production and Quality. War. Indonesia. Bull. Anim. Vet. sci. 27, 145–157 (2017).
Mannaa, S., Surb, TK, Sealc, T. & Roya, A. Evaluation of Galactagogue and Antioxidant Activities of the Root Extract of Euphorbia fusiformis. Asian J Tradit. med. 8, 20–29 (2013).
Zakaria, F. The Effect of Torbangun Leaves (Coleus amboiniucus lour) and Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr) on the Lactation Etawah Goat (PE) Diet on the Quantity and Quality of Milk. (Bogor Agricultural Institute, 2012).
Hidayah, N. Utilization of Plant Secondary Metabolite Compounds (Tannins and Saponins) in Reducing Methane Emissions from Ruminant Livestock. J. Breeding Science. Indonesia. 11, 89–98 (2016).
Laveena, KB & Chandra, M. Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidants, and Antibacterial Properties of Medicinal Plants Sauropus androgynus L. and Erythrina variegata L. Asian J.Pharm. Clin. Res. 11, 313–317 (2018).
Ekafitri, R. & Isworo, R. Utilization of Legumes as a Raw Material Source of Protein for Emergency Food. J. FOOD 23, 134–145 (2014).
Ekafitri, R. & Faradilla, F. Utilization of Local Commodities as Emergency Food Raw Materials. J. FOOD 20, 153–161 (2011).
Chang, CC, Yang, MH, Wen, HM & Chern, JC Estimation of Total Flavonoid Content in Propolis by Two Complementary Colorimetric Methods. J. Food Drug Anal. 10, 178–182 (2002).
Zuhra, CF, Tarigan, JB & Sihotang, H. Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoid Compounds from Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgunus(L) Merr.). J. Biol. Sumatra 3, 10–13 (2008).
Lutfiani, L., Nasrulloh, N. & Fauziyah, A. Analysis of the Effect of Addition of Torbangun Flour and Katuk Flour on Proximate Composition, Physical Properties and Organoleptic Properties of Food Bars. J. App. Technol. Food, 10, (2021).
Damanik, RM, Wahlqvist, ML & Wattanapenpaiboon, N. Lactagogue effects of Torbangun, a Bataknese traditional cuisine.Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 15, 267–274 (2006).
Putri, RM, Almasyhuri & Mirani, M. Addition of a Mixture of Skimmed Milk and Fat in Cookies Facilitating Breast Milk Katuk Leaf Flour (Sauropus androgynousL . Merr ) Against Panelist Acceptance. J. Adv. Res. Technol. 1, (2018).
Syafrida, M., Darmanti, S. & Izzati, M. Effect of Drying Temperature on Moisture Content, Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Teki Grass Leaves and Bulbs (Cyperus rotundusL.). J. Biomes 20, 1410–8801 (2018).
Roshankhah, S., Jalili, C. & Salahshoor, M. Improvement ofPhaseolus vulgarison Breastfeeding in Female Rats. Asian Pacific J. Rep. 8, 70–74 (2019).
Romaszko, E., Marzec-Wróblewska, U., Badura, A. & BuciÅ„ski, A. Does consumption of Red Grapefruit Juice Alter Naringenin Concentrations in Milk Produced by Breastfeeding Mothers? PLoS One 12, 1–10 (2017).
Suryowati, T., Damanik, R., Bintang, M. & Handharyani, E. Identification of Chemical Components and Antioxidant Activities in Torbangun Plants (Coleus AmboinicusLour). J. Food Nutrition 10, 217–224 (2015).
Bhave, A. & Dasgupta, S. Effect of Cooking on Total Phenol, Total Flavonoids and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Plectranthus amboinicus. J.Med. Plants Studs. 6, 82–84 (2018).
Iwansyah, AC Effects of the Bioactive Components of Torbangun Leaf Extract (Coleus amboinicusL) on Levels and Expression of Lactogenic Hormone Receptor Genes in Lactating Mice. (Bogor Agricultural Institute, 2018).
Bhatt, P. & Negi, PS Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities in the Leaf Extracts of Indian Borage(Plectranthus amboinicus). Food Nutr. sci. 03, 146–152 (2012).
Hidalgo, M., Sánchez-Moreno, C. & de Pascual-Teresa, S. Flavonoid-flavonoid interaction and its effect on their antioxidant activity. Food Chem. 121, 691–696 (2010).
Wen, L.et al.Identification of a Flavonoid C-glycoside as a Potent Antioxidant. Free Radical. Bio. med. 110, 92–101 (2017).
Wang, T., Li, Q. & Bi, K. Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: Structure, activity and biological fate. Asian J.Pharm. sci. 13, 12–23 (2018).
Narsih & Agato. Effects of Combination of Temperature and Extraction Time on Compound Components of Aloe Vera Skin Extract. J. Galung Trop. 7, 75 (2018).
National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Annotation Record for ROSMARINIC ACID.Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/7688 (2020).
BPOM.Regulation of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Number 22 of 2019 concerning Information on Nutritional Value on Processed Food Labels. Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (2019).
Syarief, H., Damanik, RM, Sinaga, T. & Doloksaribu, TH Utilization of Bangun-Bangun Leaves in the Development of Functional Supplementary Food Products for Breastfeeding Mothers. J. Agriculture Science. Indonesia. 19, 38–42 (2014).
Aminah, S. & Purwaningsih, W. Differences in the Effectiveness of Giving Dates and Katuk Leaves on the Fluency of Breastfeeding in Breastfeeding Mothers Age 0-40 Days in Kediri City. J. Public Heal. Res. Community Heal. Dev. 3, 37–43 (2019).
Neshatdoust, S.et al.High-flavonoid intake induces cognitive improvements linked to changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Two randomised, controlled trials. Nutr. Heal. Aging 4, 81–93 (2016).
Matita, IC, Mastuti, TS & Maitri, S. Antioxidant Properties of Different Types of Torbangun Herbal Tea. Reactor 20, 18–25 (2020).
Okinarum, GY, Lestariningsih, L. & Dewi, DP Potential Cookies to Substitute Fenugreek Seed Flour (Trigonella foenum–graecum) and Heart of Banana Stone (Musa balbisiana LA Colla) to Increase Breast Milk Volume. J. Indonesian Nutrition Science. 03, 135–144 (2020).
Shawahna, R., Qiblawi, S. & Ghanayem, H. Which Benefits and Harms of Using Fenugreek as a Galactogogue Need to Be Discussed during Clinical Consultations? A Delphi Study among Breastfeeding Women, Gynecologists, Pediatricians, Family Physicians, Lactation Consultants, and Pharmacists. Evidence-based Complement. altern. med. 2018, 1–13 (2018).
Paduraru, L.et al.Total Antioxidant Status in Fresh and Stored Human Milk from Mothers of Term and Preterm Neonates. Pediatr. Neonatole. 59, 600–605 (2018).
Copyright (c) 2023 Amerta Nutrition
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
AMERTA NUTR by Unair is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1. The journal allows the author to hold the copyright of the article without restrictions.
2. The journal allows the author(s) to retain publishing rights without restrictions
3. The legal formal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA).
4. The Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC BY-SA) license allows re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work on the conditions that the creator is appropriately credited and that any derivative work is made available under "the same, similar or a compatible license”. Other than the conditions mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation.
