Hubungan Asupan Makronutrien dan Aktivitas Fisik terhadap Kelebihan Gizi pada Siswa Kelas 5 di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Banjarbendo
The Correlation between Macronutrient Intake and Physical Activity with Overnutrition among Fifth-Grade Students at Banjarbendo State Elementary
Latar Belakang: Status gizi lebih yang termasuk dalam kategori overweight dan obesitas telah menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang serius dan terus meningkat, terutama pada anak-anak usia sekolah. Gizi yang tidak seimbang dan rendahnya aktivitas fisik merupakan faktor utama yang berkontribusi pada peningkatan prevalensi overnutrisi pada anak-anak di Indonesia.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara asupan makronutrien dan aktivitas fisik terhadap status gizi (overweight dan obesitas) pada siswa kelas 5 SDN Banjarbendo, Sidoarjo.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel terdiri dari 64 siswa kelas 5 yang dipilih secara acak menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran antropometri untuk menentukan status gizi berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh menurut Umur (IMT/U), wawancara untuk penilaian asupan makanan menggunakan metode food recall 2x24 jam, dan penilaian aktivitas fisik menggunakan metode physical activity recall 2x24 jam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0.05).
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara asupan makronutrien dan aktivitas fisik terhadap status gizi. Sebagian besar siswa dengan asupan makronutrien yang berlebihan dan aktivitas fisik yang rendah cenderung mengalami overnutrisi (overweight atau obesitas).
Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan makronutrien dan tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan status gizi siswa. Penting untuk meningkatkan kesadaran akan pola makan seimbang dan mendorong aktivitas fisik pada anak-anak guna mencegah overnutrisi dan masalah kesehatan terkait di masa mendatang.
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