Association between Glycemic Index (GI), Glycemic Load (GL), and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adult Women with Obesity in Semarang Indonesia
Background: Dietary choice plays an important role in the incidence of metabolic syndrome in young adult women. Consuming foods that follow current trends has insulinogenic and inflammatory effects.
Objectives: Analysis of the relationship between the Glycemic Index (GI), Glycemic Load (GL), and Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the incidence of metabolic syndrome in obese women in Semarang
Methods: This research was carried out at a time when there were restrictions on community activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling and cross-sectional design. The subjects in this study were 126 people with the characteristics of abdominally obese women (LP > 80cm) aged 19–25 years in the Semarang City area of Indonesia. Intake conversion guidelines use the International Table of Glycemic Index and the overall inflammatory effect score.
Results: A total of 11.9% of subjects experienced SM. The mean daily GI intake was 176.7±44.4 and GL was 458.4±183.3. The mean DII score was 28.76 ± 267.7 with a history of subject intake with a pro-inflammatory score of 71.4% and 28.6% anti-inflammatory. The relationship test resulted in the highest proportion of SM on the GI diet being 21.4% (p = 0.066). Meanwhile, the highest GL diet was 16.7% (p = 0.207). Subjects with SM status had an anti-inflammatory diet profile of 16.7% and a pro-inflammatory diet profile of 10% (p = 0.362). Meanwhile, the test of the relationship between diet profile and SM parameters resulted in the highest GI diet being 40.5% with high TG (p = 0.008), the highest GL diet being 59.5% with low HDL-C (p = 0.009), the DII diet being high GDP (p = 0.022), and the high DII diet being 47.8% with low HDL-C (p = 0.078). The test results for differences in GI and GL profiles between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory diets were p = 0.295 and p = 0.483.
Conclusions: There is a borderline significant relationship between the dietary GI profile and the incidence of SM. Meanwhile, with SM parameters, there is a relationship between the GI diet profile and the incidence of TG, the GL diet
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