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Pengaruh Perbedaan Warna Cahaya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kultur Spirulina sp.
[ The Effect Of Light Colour To Growth Culture Of Spirullina sp. ]
Corresponding Author(s) : Rahayu Kusdarwati
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan,
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2011): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstract
Spirulina sp. is a microalgae that has spread widely, and can live in brackish waters, marine and freshwater. Spirulina is often the dominant species and can cause bloom (Ciferri, 1983 in Hu, 2004). Spirulina sp. have the ability to photosynthesize and convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates. The best environmental conditions for growth are in areas rich in sunlight, rainfall is, rich in carbon dioxide and temperature in the range of 25-35 ° C and pH ranging from 7.2 to 9.5. Spirulina sp. able to survive at salinity between 20-70 ppt, pH between 9 - 11 (Ciferri, 1983 in Richmond, 1986). This study aimed to know To know the color of light affect the growth of Spirulina sp. and the light color is best in promoting the growth of Spirulina sp. Effect of different colors of light can affect the growth of Spirulina sp. Methods The study is an experiment with the experimental design used was CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with five treatments and three replications with different colors of light that is A (white), B (green), C (blue), D (red), E (yellow). The color of light have different wavelengths, absorption by the different pigments and different penetration capabilities.
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- Anonim. 2008. Spirulina Multivitamin yang Terbaik. http://www.Spirulina.com 20 September 2008.
- Balai Budidaya Laut Lampung. 2002. Budidaya Fitoplankton dan Zooplankton. Balai Budidaya Laut Lampung Direktorat Jendral Perikanan Budidaya Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Lampung. hal. 3 – 77.
- Christiana, R., 2007. Fotodegradasi dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Klorofil a dan C- Fikosianin dari Serbuk Spirulina (Spirulina sp). FSM.UKSW.
- Costa, J. A., V. Colla, L. M. and Filho, P. D. 2003. Spirulina platensis Growth in Open Raceway Ponds Using Fresh Water Supplemented with Carbon, Nitrogen, and Metal Ions. Laboratio de Engenharia Bioquimica, Departemento de Quimica, Fundacao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. pp. 1-5. Siregar 2004.
- Cohen Z. 1997. Mass Culture of Spirulina. Didalam Vonshak, A. (editor). Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-Biology and Biotechnology. Taylor & Francis Ltd., Bristol, USA. Hlm. 175-204.
- Dergibson, S. dan Sugiarto. 2002. Metode Statistika Untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta. hal 4-6.
- Ekawati, A. W. 2005. Diktat Kuliah Budidaya Pakan Alami. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. Hal. 3 – 48.
- Fogg, G.E. 1975. Algae Culture and phytoplankton Ecology. Biotech-nology, 1st Ed. M. A. Borowitzka and T. Borowitzka (tds).
- Gideon, O.A., K. H. Ogbonda and R. E. Aminigo. 2007. Optimization Studies of Biomass Production and Protein Biosynthesis in a Spirulina sp. Isolated From and Oil Polluted Flame Pit In The Niger Delta. Departement of Microbiologi. Port Harcourt Univercity. Nigeria.
- Govindjee and B. Z. Braun. 1974. Light Absorption, Emission and Photo-synthesis in Botanical Monograph, Alga Physiology Scientific Publica-tions. London.
- Goksan, T., Z. Aysegul and Ilknur. 2006. The Growth of Spirulina platensis in Different Culture System Under Greenhouse Condition. Departement of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University. Turkey. Pp 47 – 52.
- Grahame, J. 1987. Plankton and Fisheries. University of Leeds. Edward Arnold. London.
- Hu Q. 2004. Industrial Production of Microalgal Cell-mass and Secondary Products – Major Industrial Species : Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis. Di dalam: Richmond AE, editor. Handbook of MIcroalgal Culture, Biotechnology And Applied Phycology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Iowa, USA. hlm. 264-272.
- Irwan, A., 2002. Pengaruh Warna Cahaya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Scenedesmus. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- Isnansetyo, A. dan Kurniastuty. 1995. Teknik Kultur Fitoplankton dan Zooplankton. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. Hal. 22-25.
- Jemiati. 2002. Pengaruh Perbedaan Salinitas Terhadap Pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. pada Media yang Diperkaya Dengan Limbah Pabrik Gula. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. hal. 1 – 46.
- Kuswati, T. M., S. R. N. Ratih, E. Sofyatiningrum dan N. Kartini. 2004. Sains Kimia SMA Kelas 1b Kurikulum 2004. PT Bumi Aksara. Jakarta. p. 1-35.
- Kusriani dan E. Yuli. 2005. Buku Ajar Planktonologi. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. hal. 1 – 41.
- Mohanty P, Srivastava M, Krishna KB. 1997. The Photosynthetic Apparatus of Spirulina: Electron transport and Energi Transfer. Didalam: Vonshak A, editor. Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology. Taylor & Francis Ltd., Bristol, USA. hlm. 1 – 15.
- Panji, T dan S. A. Suminar. 2000. Growth of Spirulina platensis on Media Containing Latex Concentrate Effluent and its Potential Use for Ornamental Fish Feed. International Symposium on Marine Biotechnology. Jakarta. hal. 190 – 195.
- Pramudya, G. R. 2009. Pemanfaatan Kotoran Ayam Sebagai Pupuk Untuk Pertumbuhan Populasi Dunaliella salina. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. hal. 5 – 10.
- Prescott, G.W. 1964. The Algae: A Review. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. New York, Atlanta, Geneva, Dallas, Polo Alto.
- Rosales, M. 1982. Preparation of Various Culture Media and Stok Solutions. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department. In: R. D. Guerrero and C. T. Villegas (Eds). Report of the Training Course on Growing Food Organism for Fish Hatcheries. Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines.
- Richmond, A. 1986. CRC Handbook of Mikroalgal Mass Culture. CRC Press Ino.Florida. p. 156 – 190.
- Rafiqul IM, Jalal KCA, Alam MZ. 2005. Environmental Factors for Optimisation of Spirulina Biomass in Laboratory Culture. Asian Network for Scientific Information, Biotechnology 4(1): 19 – 22.
- Saputro, A., 2008. Pengaruh Perbedaan Warna Lampu Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik Benih Ikan Gurami (Osphronemous Gouramy) Umur 17 Hari. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Brawijaya Malang.
- Santosa, A. 2010. Produksi Spirulina sp.Yang Dikultur Dengan Perlakuan Manipulasi Fotoperiod. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- Sanchez. M., Castillo, J.B., Rozo and C. Rodriguez, I. 2002. Spirulina (Arthrospira): An- Edible Micro-organism. A Review. Departamento de Quimica Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cra. Bogota, pp. 1 – 13.
- Satyantini, W. H dan E. D. Masithah 2008. Pemilihan Jenis dan Nilai Nutrisi Pakan Alami. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya.
- Senge M. and Senger H. 1991. Adaption of Photosynthetic Apparatus of Chlorella and Ankistrodesmus to Blue and Red Light.
- Subarijanti, H. U. 2002. Unsur Karbon, Nitrogen dan Fosfor sebagai Kunci Eutrofikasi. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Hal 6
- Smith, G. M. 1950. The freshwater Algae Of United States. McGraw Hill Book, Inc. London. pp. 15 – 20.
- Steenbergen, C. L. M. 1975. Light Dependent Morphogenesis of Unicellular Stages In Synchronized Culture of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chloro-phyceae). Acta Bot. Neerl. Vol. 24, 391.
- Sylvester, B. D., Nelvy D dan Sudjiharno. 2002. Persyaratan Budidaya Fitoplankton. dalam budidaya Fitoplankton dan
- Zooplankton. 2002. Balai Budidaya Laut, Direktoral Jendral Perikanan Budidaya Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Bandar Lampug. Hal. 24 – 36.
- Moerdiyono, T., 2009. Pengaruh Lama Penyinaran Yang Berbeda Terhadap Tingkat Kematangan Gonad Ikan Gabus (Channa Gachua). Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya Malang.
- Thomaselli, L. 2002. Morphology, Ultrastructure and Taxonomy of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima and Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis. In Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira) physiology, cell-biology and biotechnology. 2002. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Taylor and Francis. Israel. pp. 1 – 10.
- Vijaya V. and Anand N. 2009. Blue Light Enhance The Pigment Synthesis In Cyanobacterium Anabaena Ambigua Rao.
- Vidiana, R. H. 2009. Pengaruh Penambahan Vitamin B12 Pada Media Blotong Kering Terhadap Pertumbuhan Populasi Spirulina platensis. Skiripsi. Program Studi Budidaya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. 24-31 hal.
- Vonshak, A. 1997. Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira). Physiology, Cell-Biology and Biotechnology. Ben-Guion Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang. Hal 6 -16.
- Winarti. 2003. Pertumbuhan Spirulina platensis yang dikultur Dengan Pupuk Komersil (Urea, TSP, dan ZA) dan Kotoran Ayam. [Skripsi]. Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
- Weng, H., X. Sun, J. Weng, Y. Qin and H. Dong. 2008. Crucial Roles of Iron in The Growth of Prorocentrum micans Ehreberg Dinophyceae. Forida. Journal of coastal Research, 24: 176-183.
- Yaznil. 1997. Pengaruh Perbedaan Warna Sinar Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kultur Murni Chlorella sp. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
References
Anonim. 2008. Spirulina Multivitamin yang Terbaik. http://www.Spirulina.com 20 September 2008.
Balai Budidaya Laut Lampung. 2002. Budidaya Fitoplankton dan Zooplankton. Balai Budidaya Laut Lampung Direktorat Jendral Perikanan Budidaya Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Lampung. hal. 3 – 77.
Christiana, R., 2007. Fotodegradasi dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Klorofil a dan C- Fikosianin dari Serbuk Spirulina (Spirulina sp). FSM.UKSW.
Costa, J. A., V. Colla, L. M. and Filho, P. D. 2003. Spirulina platensis Growth in Open Raceway Ponds Using Fresh Water Supplemented with Carbon, Nitrogen, and Metal Ions. Laboratio de Engenharia Bioquimica, Departemento de Quimica, Fundacao Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, RS, Brasil. pp. 1-5. Siregar 2004.
Cohen Z. 1997. Mass Culture of Spirulina. Didalam Vonshak, A. (editor). Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-Biology and Biotechnology. Taylor & Francis Ltd., Bristol, USA. Hlm. 175-204.
Dergibson, S. dan Sugiarto. 2002. Metode Statistika Untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta. hal 4-6.
Ekawati, A. W. 2005. Diktat Kuliah Budidaya Pakan Alami. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. Hal. 3 – 48.
Fogg, G.E. 1975. Algae Culture and phytoplankton Ecology. Biotech-nology, 1st Ed. M. A. Borowitzka and T. Borowitzka (tds).
Gideon, O.A., K. H. Ogbonda and R. E. Aminigo. 2007. Optimization Studies of Biomass Production and Protein Biosynthesis in a Spirulina sp. Isolated From and Oil Polluted Flame Pit In The Niger Delta. Departement of Microbiologi. Port Harcourt Univercity. Nigeria.
Govindjee and B. Z. Braun. 1974. Light Absorption, Emission and Photo-synthesis in Botanical Monograph, Alga Physiology Scientific Publica-tions. London.
Goksan, T., Z. Aysegul and Ilknur. 2006. The Growth of Spirulina platensis in Different Culture System Under Greenhouse Condition. Departement of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University. Turkey. Pp 47 – 52.
Grahame, J. 1987. Plankton and Fisheries. University of Leeds. Edward Arnold. London.
Hu Q. 2004. Industrial Production of Microalgal Cell-mass and Secondary Products – Major Industrial Species : Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis. Di dalam: Richmond AE, editor. Handbook of MIcroalgal Culture, Biotechnology And Applied Phycology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Iowa, USA. hlm. 264-272.
Irwan, A., 2002. Pengaruh Warna Cahaya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Scenedesmus. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Isnansetyo, A. dan Kurniastuty. 1995. Teknik Kultur Fitoplankton dan Zooplankton. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. Hal. 22-25.
Jemiati. 2002. Pengaruh Perbedaan Salinitas Terhadap Pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. pada Media yang Diperkaya Dengan Limbah Pabrik Gula. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. hal. 1 – 46.
Kuswati, T. M., S. R. N. Ratih, E. Sofyatiningrum dan N. Kartini. 2004. Sains Kimia SMA Kelas 1b Kurikulum 2004. PT Bumi Aksara. Jakarta. p. 1-35.
Kusriani dan E. Yuli. 2005. Buku Ajar Planktonologi. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. hal. 1 – 41.
Mohanty P, Srivastava M, Krishna KB. 1997. The Photosynthetic Apparatus of Spirulina: Electron transport and Energi Transfer. Didalam: Vonshak A, editor. Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-biology and Biotechnology. Taylor & Francis Ltd., Bristol, USA. hlm. 1 – 15.
Panji, T dan S. A. Suminar. 2000. Growth of Spirulina platensis on Media Containing Latex Concentrate Effluent and its Potential Use for Ornamental Fish Feed. International Symposium on Marine Biotechnology. Jakarta. hal. 190 – 195.
Pramudya, G. R. 2009. Pemanfaatan Kotoran Ayam Sebagai Pupuk Untuk Pertumbuhan Populasi Dunaliella salina. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. hal. 5 – 10.
Prescott, G.W. 1964. The Algae: A Review. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. New York, Atlanta, Geneva, Dallas, Polo Alto.
Rosales, M. 1982. Preparation of Various Culture Media and Stok Solutions. SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department. In: R. D. Guerrero and C. T. Villegas (Eds). Report of the Training Course on Growing Food Organism for Fish Hatcheries. Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines.
Richmond, A. 1986. CRC Handbook of Mikroalgal Mass Culture. CRC Press Ino.Florida. p. 156 – 190.
Rafiqul IM, Jalal KCA, Alam MZ. 2005. Environmental Factors for Optimisation of Spirulina Biomass in Laboratory Culture. Asian Network for Scientific Information, Biotechnology 4(1): 19 – 22.
Saputro, A., 2008. Pengaruh Perbedaan Warna Lampu Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik Benih Ikan Gurami (Osphronemous Gouramy) Umur 17 Hari. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Brawijaya Malang.
Santosa, A. 2010. Produksi Spirulina sp.Yang Dikultur Dengan Perlakuan Manipulasi Fotoperiod. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Sanchez. M., Castillo, J.B., Rozo and C. Rodriguez, I. 2002. Spirulina (Arthrospira): An- Edible Micro-organism. A Review. Departamento de Quimica Facultad de Ciencias Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cra. Bogota, pp. 1 – 13.
Satyantini, W. H dan E. D. Masithah 2008. Pemilihan Jenis dan Nilai Nutrisi Pakan Alami. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya.
Senge M. and Senger H. 1991. Adaption of Photosynthetic Apparatus of Chlorella and Ankistrodesmus to Blue and Red Light.
Subarijanti, H. U. 2002. Unsur Karbon, Nitrogen dan Fosfor sebagai Kunci Eutrofikasi. Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Hal 6
Smith, G. M. 1950. The freshwater Algae Of United States. McGraw Hill Book, Inc. London. pp. 15 – 20.
Steenbergen, C. L. M. 1975. Light Dependent Morphogenesis of Unicellular Stages In Synchronized Culture of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chloro-phyceae). Acta Bot. Neerl. Vol. 24, 391.
Sylvester, B. D., Nelvy D dan Sudjiharno. 2002. Persyaratan Budidaya Fitoplankton. dalam budidaya Fitoplankton dan
Zooplankton. 2002. Balai Budidaya Laut, Direktoral Jendral Perikanan Budidaya Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Bandar Lampug. Hal. 24 – 36.
Moerdiyono, T., 2009. Pengaruh Lama Penyinaran Yang Berbeda Terhadap Tingkat Kematangan Gonad Ikan Gabus (Channa Gachua). Fakultas Perikanan Universitas Brawijaya Malang.
Thomaselli, L. 2002. Morphology, Ultrastructure and Taxonomy of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima and Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis. In Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira) physiology, cell-biology and biotechnology. 2002. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. Taylor and Francis. Israel. pp. 1 – 10.
Vijaya V. and Anand N. 2009. Blue Light Enhance The Pigment Synthesis In Cyanobacterium Anabaena Ambigua Rao.
Vidiana, R. H. 2009. Pengaruh Penambahan Vitamin B12 Pada Media Blotong Kering Terhadap Pertumbuhan Populasi Spirulina platensis. Skiripsi. Program Studi Budidaya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. 24-31 hal.
Vonshak, A. 1997. Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira). Physiology, Cell-Biology and Biotechnology. Ben-Guion Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang. Hal 6 -16.
Winarti. 2003. Pertumbuhan Spirulina platensis yang dikultur Dengan Pupuk Komersil (Urea, TSP, dan ZA) dan Kotoran Ayam. [Skripsi]. Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Weng, H., X. Sun, J. Weng, Y. Qin and H. Dong. 2008. Crucial Roles of Iron in The Growth of Prorocentrum micans Ehreberg Dinophyceae. Forida. Journal of coastal Research, 24: 176-183.
Yaznil. 1997. Pengaruh Perbedaan Warna Sinar Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kultur Murni Chlorella sp. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan Institut Pertanian Bogor.