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Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN

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Fisheries Biotechnology Molecular Genetics Fish Diseases Fish Health Management In-silico, Molecular Docking, and Quantum Computational Approach

Designing of a Novel Aerolysin-based Multiepitope Vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Osphronemus goramy Using Reverse Vaccinology: an in Silico Approaches

https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v16i2.62035
Rozi
Doctoral Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4117-1335
Wiwiek Tyasningsih
Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-8534
Jola Rahmahani
Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-3200
Eduardus Bimo Aksono
Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6961-2556
Muchammad Yunus
Division of Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-6628
Mohammad Anam Al-Arif
Division of Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5220-9311
Suryo Kuncorojati
Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5170-9982
Rahayu Kusdarwati
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6281-6177
Putri Desi Wulan Sari
Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-113X
Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7664-9821
Annas Salleh
Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4142-0418
Nadeem Khanand
10Department of Bioinformatics, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Suwarno
Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4997-5242

Corresponding Author(s) : Suwarno

suwarno@gmail.com

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN

Abstract

Graphical Abstract



Highlight Research



  1. The study aims to develop a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) against A. hydrophila by targeting the aerolysin toxin, a key virulence factor responsible for infections in fish and humans.



  1. Computational methods identified and optimized B-cell and T-cell epitopes, focusing on their ability to trigger immune responses without causing toxicity or allergenicity.



  1. In silico simulations demonstrated that the MEV has a strong binding affinity to immune receptors like TLR-4, MHC-I, and MHC-II, indicating its potential to induce robust cellular and humoral immunity.



  1. Structural analysis of the MEV showed a stable 3D conformation, with most residues in favorable regions, ensuring stability during immune activation.



  1. The MEV could enhance disease control in aquaculture and reduce human infection risks, offering a promising solution to address antibiotic resistance and the absence of effective vaccines.


Abstract


Aeromonas hydrophila, gram-negative, is a major pathogen responsible for various diseases in mammals, reptiles, amphibia, and vertebrates, including fish and humans. Targeting the specific toxin aerolysin in A. hydrophila is crucial to address antibiotic resistance and the lack of adequate and protective vaccines against this intracellular pathogen. This study aimed to identify a multi-epitope vaccination (MEV) candidate targeting A. hydrophila aerolysin toxin to combat the disease effectively. Standard biochemical characterization methods and sequencing of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, and aerA genes identified the isolate AHSA1 as A. hydrophila. Subsequently, we identified B and T cell epitopes on the aerolysin protein and separately predicted MHC-I and MHC-II epitopes. The epitopes are then evaluated for toxicity, antigenicity, allergenicity, and solubility. The vaccine design integrated multi-epitope-based constructs, utilizing specialized linkers (GPGPG) and EAAAK linkers to connect epitope peptides with adjuvants in the cholera toxin B component, thereby enhancing immunogenicity. Ramachandran plots showed that 85.25% of the residues were located in the most favorable regions, which was followed by the generously allowed zone (1.30%), the additional allowed regions (10.80%), and the forbidden regions (2.65%), thus confirming the feasibility of the modeled vaccine design. Based on docking simulations, MEV had the highest binding and interaction energies with TLR-4, TLR-9, MHC-I, and MHC-II (-1081.4, -723.2, 866.2, -9043.3 kcal/mol). Based on computational modelling, we expect the Aerolysin MEV candidate design to activate diverse immune mechanisms, stimulate robust responses against A. hydrophila, and maintain safety. The significant solubility, absence of toxicity or allergic response, and minimal side effects in animal testing all contribute to the potential clinical utility of this vaccine candidate.


 

Keywords

immunoinformaticsMulti-epitopesMolecular Docking
Rozi, Tyasningsih, W. ., Rahmahani, J., Aksono, E. B. ., Yunus , M. ., Al-Arif, M. A. ., Kuncorojati, S. ., Kusdarwati, R. ., Sari, P. D. W. ., Amal, M. N. A. ., Salleh, A. ., Khanand, N. ., & Suwarno. (2024). Designing of a Novel Aerolysin-based Multiepitope Vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Osphronemus goramy Using Reverse Vaccinology: an in Silico Approaches. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 16(2), 298–321. https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v16i2.62035
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Author Biographies

Rozi, Doctoral Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Doctoral Program of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia  

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Jola Rahmahani, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Eduardus Bimo Aksono, Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Muchammad Yunus , Division of Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Division of Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Mohammad Anam Al-Arif, Division of Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Division of Farm, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Suryo Kuncorojati, Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia

Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia

Rahayu Kusdarwati, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Putri Desi Wulan Sari, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Mohammad Noor Azmai Amal, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

Annas Salleh, Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia

Nadeem Khanand, 10Department of Bioinformatics, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Department of Bioinformatics, School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Suwarno, Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

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