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Kerusakan Dan Jumlah Hemosit Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.) Yang Mengalami Zoothamniosis
[The Destruction And Total Haemocyte Count Of Penaeus monodon Fab. That Infected Zoothamnium Penaei (Zoothamniosis)]
Corresponding Author(s) : Gunanti Maharani
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2009): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstract
Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fab.) is one of the biggest non-oil and natural gas export fisheries commodity. In the other hand, the culture of this shrimp is highly affected by infectious pathogens and disease control is ciliated protozoa, Zoothamnium penaei that play an important role as ectocommensals on the body surface of tiger shrimp and causes "udang lumutan” disease. The aim of this research are to know the destruction and mean total haemocyte count of the Tiger shrimp between healthy and easy, middle and heavy infected degree of Zoothamnium penaei. The healthy and was identified infected Zoothamnium penaei of Tiger shrimp samples collected from one of the nursery pond in Lamongan that divided of 50 healthy indivisuals and infected Zoothamnium penaei (50 individuals for each infestation degree). Haemolymph (haemocytes) was obtained from the ventral part of the haemocoel of the second abdominal segment using 1 ml syringe filled with EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid). The variable observed were destruction of haemocyte and mean total haemocyte count during 7 days. ANOVA (Analysis Of Varian) was used for mean total haemocyte count change data analysis followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test with 5% significantly. The research results revealed that Tiger shrimp that easy, middle and heavy infected of Zoothamnium penaei no destruction occurs, but Tiger shrimp that heavy infected of Zoothamnium penaei occurs haemocyte sitoplasma destruction. The highest mean total haemocyte count change was 61,64x106 ± 3,56x106 cells ml-1 in Tiger shrimp that middle infected of Zoothamnium penaei, while the lowest mean total haemocyte count change was 41,04x106 ± 3,64x106 cells ml-1 occur in Tiger shrimp that heavy infected of Zoothamnium penaei.
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- ASEAN Cooperation in Food, Agriculture and Forestry. 2000. ASEAN Good Shrimp Farm Management Practice. Fisheries Publication Series No.1. 35p.
- Baticados, M.C.L. et al. 1989. Disease of Penaeid Shrimp in The Philippines Aquaculture. Department Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. p. 18-20.
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- Brock, T.D. and Madigan, M.T. 1991. Biology of Microorganism. Sixth Edition. Prentice – Hall International.
- Brown, P.B., M.R. White, D.L. Swann, and M.S. Fuller. 1993. A Severe Outbreak of Ectoparsitism Due to Epistylis sp. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 24(1). p.116-120.
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- Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2005. Revitalisasi Perikanan. Jakarta. 81 hal. http//www.dkp.go.id/revitalisasi/pdf. Desember, 2005.
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- Kusriningrum. 1989. Dasar Perancangan Percobaan dan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. 143 hal.
- Lightner, D.V. 1998. Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of MBV and Other Disease in Cultured Giant Tiger Prawns (Penaeus monodon) in the Philippines. The Oceanic Institute. Honolulu. Hawai. p. 24-37.
- Mahasri, G. 1996. Pengaruh Manipulasi Tingkat Aerasi dan Padat Tebar Terhadap Infestasi Parasit Protozoa Kelas Ciliata Pada Benur Udang Windu. Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 67 hal.
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- Rantam, F.A. 2003. Metode Imunologi. Airlangga University Press. Surabaya. Hal. 1-9.
- Raya, L. 2006. Gambaran Patologi Insang dan kulit Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.) Yang Terserang Ciliata Patogen Dari Famili Vorticellidae (Zoothamnium sp.). Skripsi. FKH UNAIR. Surabaya. 101 hal.
- Rukyani, A. 1996. Jenis Penyakit Udang dan Tambak dan Cara Pengendaliannya. Makalah Pertemuan Aplikasi Paket Teknologi Pertanian tanggal 9-11 Januari 1996 di BIP Lampung. 17 hal.
- Sinderman, C. J. 1997. Ciliata Injeslahun in Disease Diagnosist and Control in North America Marine Aquaculture. Elsevier. New York. pp. 230.
- Soderhall, K. and L. Cerenius. 1992. Crustacean Immunity. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 2. pp. 3-23.
- Suyanto, S.R. dan A. Mudjiman. 2001. Budidaya Udang Windu. PT. Penebar Swadaya. Depok. 207 hal.
- Tonguthai, K. 1991. Disease of the Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. AAHRI Newsletter Article. Vol.4, No.2, December. Bangkok. Thailand.
- Van de Braak, C.B.T., R. Faber and J.H. Boon. 1996. Cellular and Humoral Characteristics of Penaeus monodon Fab. Haemolymph. Comparative Haematology International. Netherlands. p.194-203. http://www.library.wur.ni/wda/dissertation/3218.
- Van de Braak, C.B.T. 2002. Haemocytic Defence In Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Thesis. Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences. Netherlands. http://www.library.wur.ni/wda/dissertation/3218. Juny, 2002. pp. 168.
- Van de Braak, C.B.T., M.H.A. Botterblom, N. Taverne, W.B. Van Muiswinkel, J.H.W.M. Rombout and W.P.W. Van der Knaap. 2002. The Roles of Haemocytes and The Lymphoid Organ In The Clearance of Injected Vibrio Bacteria in Penaeus monodon Shrimp. 2002. Thesis. Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences. Netherlands. http://www.library.wur.ni/wda/dissertation/3218. January, 2002. pp. 93-108.
References
ASEAN Cooperation in Food, Agriculture and Forestry. 2000. ASEAN Good Shrimp Farm Management Practice. Fisheries Publication Series No.1. 35p.
Baticados, M.C.L. et al. 1989. Disease of Penaeid Shrimp in The Philippines Aquaculture. Department Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. p. 18-20.
Bijanti, R. 2005. Hematologi Ikan (Teknik Pengambilan Darah dan Pemeriksaan Hematologi Ikan). Buku Ajar. Bagian Ilmu Kedokteran Dasar Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. hal. 22.
Brock, T.D. and Madigan, M.T. 1991. Biology of Microorganism. Sixth Edition. Prentice – Hall International.
Brown, P.B., M.R. White, D.L. Swann, and M.S. Fuller. 1993. A Severe Outbreak of Ectoparsitism Due to Epistylis sp. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 24(1). p.116-120.
Campbell, N.A., J.B. Reece and L.G. Mitchell. 2004. Biologi. Edisi Kelima, Jilid 3. Penerbit Erlangga. Jakarta. Hal. 73-88.
Chanratchakool, P., J.F. Trunbull, S.F. Smith and C. Limsuwan. 1995. Health Management in Shrimp Ponds. Health Research Institute. Bangkok. Thailand. p. 50-53.
Darmono. 1991. Budidaya Udang Penaeus. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. 103 hal.
Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2005. Revitalisasi Perikanan. Jakarta. 81 hal. http//www.dkp.go.id/revitalisasi/pdf. Desember, 2005.
Herupradoto, E.B.A. 2005. Analisis Protein Envelope VP28 White Spot Baculovirus Isolat Lokal Dari Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) dan Uji Sebagai Kandidat Imunostimulan. Disertasi. Program Pascasarjana Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. Hal. 101 – 102.
Kusriningrum. 1989. Dasar Perancangan Percobaan dan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. 143 hal.
Lightner, D.V. 1998. Prevalence and Geographic Distribution of MBV and Other Disease in Cultured Giant Tiger Prawns (Penaeus monodon) in the Philippines. The Oceanic Institute. Honolulu. Hawai. p. 24-37.
Mahasri, G. 1996. Pengaruh Manipulasi Tingkat Aerasi dan Padat Tebar Terhadap Infestasi Parasit Protozoa Kelas Ciliata Pada Benur Udang Windu. Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 67 hal.
Mahasri, G. 1998. Hubungan Infestasi Ciliata Patogen dengan Tingkat Kematian Benih Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.). Media Kedokteran Hewan. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan UNAIR. Vol.14, No. 6. Hal. 122 - 129.
Rantam, F.A. 2003. Metode Imunologi. Airlangga University Press. Surabaya. Hal. 1-9.
Raya, L. 2006. Gambaran Patologi Insang dan kulit Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.) Yang Terserang Ciliata Patogen Dari Famili Vorticellidae (Zoothamnium sp.). Skripsi. FKH UNAIR. Surabaya. 101 hal.
Rukyani, A. 1996. Jenis Penyakit Udang dan Tambak dan Cara Pengendaliannya. Makalah Pertemuan Aplikasi Paket Teknologi Pertanian tanggal 9-11 Januari 1996 di BIP Lampung. 17 hal.
Sinderman, C. J. 1997. Ciliata Injeslahun in Disease Diagnosist and Control in North America Marine Aquaculture. Elsevier. New York. pp. 230.
Soderhall, K. and L. Cerenius. 1992. Crustacean Immunity. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 2. pp. 3-23.
Suyanto, S.R. dan A. Mudjiman. 2001. Budidaya Udang Windu. PT. Penebar Swadaya. Depok. 207 hal.
Tonguthai, K. 1991. Disease of the Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. AAHRI Newsletter Article. Vol.4, No.2, December. Bangkok. Thailand.
Van de Braak, C.B.T., R. Faber and J.H. Boon. 1996. Cellular and Humoral Characteristics of Penaeus monodon Fab. Haemolymph. Comparative Haematology International. Netherlands. p.194-203. http://www.library.wur.ni/wda/dissertation/3218.
Van de Braak, C.B.T. 2002. Haemocytic Defence In Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Thesis. Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences. Netherlands. http://www.library.wur.ni/wda/dissertation/3218. Juny, 2002. pp. 168.
Van de Braak, C.B.T., M.H.A. Botterblom, N. Taverne, W.B. Van Muiswinkel, J.H.W.M. Rombout and W.P.W. Van der Knaap. 2002. The Roles of Haemocytes and The Lymphoid Organ In The Clearance of Injected Vibrio Bacteria in Penaeus monodon Shrimp. 2002. Thesis. Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences. Netherlands. http://www.library.wur.ni/wda/dissertation/3218. January, 2002. pp. 93-108.