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Population Structure and Life Table of Dog Conch (Strombus turturella) in Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia
[Struktur Populasi dan Tabel Hidup Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Indonesia]
Corresponding Author(s) : Okto Supratman
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 11 No. 2 (2019): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstract
Dog Conch (Strombus turturella) has an essential economic value in Bangka Belitung Islands. Allegedly, the population of Dog Conch is decreasing due to overexploitation. The purpose of this study is to provide information related to the distribution of long frequency, growth pattern, age group, recruitment time estimation and life table of Dog Conch. This research took place on the coast of Tukak Village and Anak Air Island, Bangka Belitung Islands. Samples of Dog Conch were taken using 3x3 m2 square. The shell length of Dog Conch found ranged between 18.18 to 77.49 mm, consisting of three age groups. Asymptotic length value (L∞), growth coefficient (K) and theoretical age on zero-length (t0) were 83.94 mm, 0.79/year and -0.152 sequentially. In the first year, Dog Conch grows to 50.18 mm and slows down when it grows older until it is 13 years old. The proportion of high mortality rate was at 1 to 2 years old and 3 to 4 years old or in adult individuals, while the highest life expectancy rate was in the age group of 0-1-year old or young individuals. It indicated that the high mortality rate was in the group in which people use to consume or sell in the markets
Abstrak
Siput gonggong (Strombus turturella) memiliki nilai ekonomis penting di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Diduga populasi siput gonggong semakin menurun akibat dari eksploitasi berlebihan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi terkait distribusi frekuensi panjang, pola pertumbuhan, kelompok umur, estimasi waktu rekruitmen dan tabel hidup siput gonggong. Lokasi penelitian berada di Pesisir Desa Tukak dan Pulau Anak Air, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung.Pengambilan sampel siput gonggong dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuadrat 3x3 m2. Panjang cangkang siput gonggong yang ditemukan berkisar antara 18.18 s.d 77.49 mm yang terdiri atas 3 kelompok umur. Nilai panjang asymptotic (L∞), koefisien pertumbuhan (K) dan umur teoritis ketika panjang sama dengan nol (t0) adalah 83.94 mm, 0.79/tahun dan -0.152 secara berurutan. Pada tahun pertama siput gonggong mengalami pertumbuhan, mencapai 50.18 mm dan melambat ketika umur semakin tua hingga umur 13 tahun. Proporsi laju kematian tinggi terdapat pada umur 1 s.d 2 tahun dan 3 s.d 4 tahun atau pada individu dewasa, sedangkan nilai harapan hidup tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur 0-1 tahun atau individu muda. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kematian tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok umur yang telah diambil oleh masyarakat untuk dikonsumsi dan dijual ke pasaran.
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- Amini, S., & Pralampita, W. A. (1987). Pendugaan Pertumbuhan Beberapa Parameter Biologi Gonggong (Strombus canarium) di Perairan Pantai Pulau Bintan-Riau. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Laut, 41: 29-35.
- Arularasan, S., Lyla, P. S., Kesavan, K., & Khan, S. A. (2010). Recieps for the Mesogastropod - Strombus canarium. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2(1): 31-35.
- Béné, C. & Tewfik, A. (2003). Biological evaluation of marine protected area: evidence of crowding effect on a protected population of queen conch in the Caribbean. Marine Ecology, 24(1): 45-58.
- Cárdenas, E. B., & Aranda, D. A. (2010). Histories of Success for the Conservation of Populations of Queen Conch (Strombus gigas). Proceedings of the 62nd Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute.
- Cárdenas, E. A., & Aranda, D. A. (2014). Growth parameters and density variation of a queen conch, Strombus gigas (Neotaenioglossa: Strombidae), population from Xel-Há park, a marine protected area. Revista de biologia tropical, 62(1): 59-72.
- Chiu, Y. W., Chen, H. C., Lee, S. C., & Chen, C. A. (2002). Morphometric Analysis of Shell and Operculum Variations in the Viviparid Snail, Cipangopaludina chinensis (Mollusca: Gastropoda), in Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 41(3): 321-331.
- Cob, Z. C., Arshad, A., Sidik, J. B., Amin, N., & Ghaffar, M. A. (2008a). Growth, Mortality, Recruitment and Yield-per-recruit of Strombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758 (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) from the West Johor Straits. Malaysia Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 3(2): 71-77.
- Cob, C. Z., Arshad, A., Bujang, J. S. & Ghaffar, M. A. (2008b). Sexual maturity and sex determination in Strombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda: Strombidae). Journal of Biologycal Sciences, 8 (3): 1-6.
- Cob, Z. C., Arshad, A., Bujang, J. S., & Ghaffar, M. (2009). Age Growth Mortality and Population Structure Strombus canarium (Gastropoda :Strombidae) Male and Female. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(18): 3287–3297.
- Cob, Z., Arshad, A., Sidik, B. J., Nurulhusna, W., & Mazlan, A. (2014). Feeding behaviour and stomach content analysis of Laevistrombus canarium (Linnaeus, 1758) from Merambong shoal, Johor. Malayan Nature Journal, 66(1 & 2): 159-170 .
- Dody, S. (2011). Pola Sebaran, Kondisi Habitat dan Pemanfaatan Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia, 37(2): 339-353.
- Dody, S. (2012). Pemijahan dan Perkembangan Larva Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 4(1): 107-113.
- Dody, S., & Marasabessy, M. D. (2007). Habitat dan Sebaran Spasial Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Teluk Klabat, Bangka Belitung. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Moluska Dalam Penelitian Konservasi dan Ekonomi.100-108.
- Effendie, M.I. (2002). Biologi Perikanan. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara.
- Gayanilo, F. C., Sparre, P., & Pauly, D. 2005. FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools II Revised version User's guide. Rome: FAO.
- Gayanilo, F.C., & Pauly, D. (1997). FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools reference manual. Rome: FAO, 51 pp.
- Giovas, C. M., Fitzpatrick, S. M., Clark, M., & Abed, M. (2010). Evidence for size increase in an exploited mollusc: humped conch (Strombus gibberulus) at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau from ca. 3000e0 BP. Journal of Archaeological Science, 30: 1-11.
- Muzahar, & Hakim, A. A. (2018). Spawning and Development of Dog Conch Strombus sp. Larvae in the Laboratory. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 10(1): 209-216.
- Pauly, D. (1979). Theory and Management of Tropical Multispecies Stocks. A Review, with Emphasis on the Southeast Asian Demersal Fisheries. Manila: ICLARM.
- Peel, J. R., and Mandujano, M. D. C. (2014). Impact of minimum catch size on the population viability of Strombus gigas (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) inQuintana Roo, Mexico. Revista de biologia tropical, 62(4): 1343-1352.
- Peel, J. R. & Aranda, D.A (2013). Growth, recruitment, and mortality of the queen conch Strombus gigas in a natural protected area of the Mexican Caribbean. Proceedings of the 65 th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Santa Marta, Colombia.
- Poutiers, J. M. (1998). Gastropods. In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (ed.). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Rome: FAO.
- Ramses, R., Syamsi, F., & Notowinarto, N. (2019). Length-Weight Relationship, Growth Patterns and Sex Ratio of Dog Conch Strombus Canarium Linnaeus, 1758 in the Waters of Kota Batam. Omni-Akuatika, 15(1): 19-29.
- Rasyid, A. & Dody, S. (2018). Evaluation of the nutritional value and heavy metal content of the dried marine gastropod Laevistrombus turturella. AACL Bioflux,11(6): 799-1806.
- Sparre, P. & Venema, S. C. (1998). Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment, Part I -Manual. Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper.
- Stiling, P. (1999). Ecology : Theories and Application. 3rd edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
- Stoner, A.W. (1994). Significance of Habitat and Stock Pre-Testing for Enhancement of Natural Fisheries: Experimental Analyses with Queen Conch Strombus gigas. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 25(1): 155-165.
- Stoner, A.W., Mueller, K. W., Brown-Petersond, N. J., Davise, M. H., & Bookerf, C. J. (2012). Maturation and age in queen conch (Strombus gigas): Urgent need for changes in harvest criteria. Fisheries Research. 131: 76-84.
- Supratman, O. (2015). Struktur Populasi, Makanan Alami dan Reproduksi Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Bangka Selatan, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung [Tesis]. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung.
- Supratman, O., & Adi, W. (2018). Distribution and Condition of Seagrass Community in South Bangka, Bangka Belitung Islands. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 10(3): 561-573.
- Supratman, O., & Syamsudin, T. S. (2016). Behavior and Feeding Habit of Dog Conch (Strombus turturella) in South Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. el–Hayah, 6(1): 15-21.
- Supratman, O., & Syamsudin, T. S. (2018). Characteristic of Dog Conch Strombus turturella Habitat on The Seagrass Ecosystem. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis,21(2): 81-90.
- Tan, S. K., & Yeo, R. K. H. (2010). The intertidal molluscs of pulau semakau : Preliminary results of project semakau. Nature in Singapore, 3: 287–296.
- Viruly, L., Andarwulan, N., Suhartono, M. T., & Nurilmala, M. (2019). Protein Histon Pada Siput Gonggong Bintan Strombus Sp. Sebagai Kandidat Pangan Fungsional. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 11(1): 89-101.
- Walpole, R. E. (1995). Pengantar statistik. Edisi ke-3. Terjemahan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustka Utama.
References
Amini, S., & Pralampita, W. A. (1987). Pendugaan Pertumbuhan Beberapa Parameter Biologi Gonggong (Strombus canarium) di Perairan Pantai Pulau Bintan-Riau. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Laut, 41: 29-35.
Arularasan, S., Lyla, P. S., Kesavan, K., & Khan, S. A. (2010). Recieps for the Mesogastropod - Strombus canarium. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2(1): 31-35.
Béné, C. & Tewfik, A. (2003). Biological evaluation of marine protected area: evidence of crowding effect on a protected population of queen conch in the Caribbean. Marine Ecology, 24(1): 45-58.
Cárdenas, E. B., & Aranda, D. A. (2010). Histories of Success for the Conservation of Populations of Queen Conch (Strombus gigas). Proceedings of the 62nd Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute.
Cárdenas, E. A., & Aranda, D. A. (2014). Growth parameters and density variation of a queen conch, Strombus gigas (Neotaenioglossa: Strombidae), population from Xel-Há park, a marine protected area. Revista de biologia tropical, 62(1): 59-72.
Chiu, Y. W., Chen, H. C., Lee, S. C., & Chen, C. A. (2002). Morphometric Analysis of Shell and Operculum Variations in the Viviparid Snail, Cipangopaludina chinensis (Mollusca: Gastropoda), in Taiwan. Zoological Studies, 41(3): 321-331.
Cob, Z. C., Arshad, A., Sidik, J. B., Amin, N., & Ghaffar, M. A. (2008a). Growth, Mortality, Recruitment and Yield-per-recruit of Strombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758 (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) from the West Johor Straits. Malaysia Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 3(2): 71-77.
Cob, C. Z., Arshad, A., Bujang, J. S. & Ghaffar, M. A. (2008b). Sexual maturity and sex determination in Strombus canarium Linnaeus, 1758 (Gastropoda: Strombidae). Journal of Biologycal Sciences, 8 (3): 1-6.
Cob, Z. C., Arshad, A., Bujang, J. S., & Ghaffar, M. (2009). Age Growth Mortality and Population Structure Strombus canarium (Gastropoda :Strombidae) Male and Female. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(18): 3287–3297.
Cob, Z., Arshad, A., Sidik, B. J., Nurulhusna, W., & Mazlan, A. (2014). Feeding behaviour and stomach content analysis of Laevistrombus canarium (Linnaeus, 1758) from Merambong shoal, Johor. Malayan Nature Journal, 66(1 & 2): 159-170 .
Dody, S. (2011). Pola Sebaran, Kondisi Habitat dan Pemanfaatan Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia, 37(2): 339-353.
Dody, S. (2012). Pemijahan dan Perkembangan Larva Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella). Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 4(1): 107-113.
Dody, S., & Marasabessy, M. D. (2007). Habitat dan Sebaran Spasial Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Teluk Klabat, Bangka Belitung. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Moluska Dalam Penelitian Konservasi dan Ekonomi.100-108.
Effendie, M.I. (2002). Biologi Perikanan. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara.
Gayanilo, F. C., Sparre, P., & Pauly, D. 2005. FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools II Revised version User's guide. Rome: FAO.
Gayanilo, F.C., & Pauly, D. (1997). FAO-ICLARM stock assessment tools reference manual. Rome: FAO, 51 pp.
Giovas, C. M., Fitzpatrick, S. M., Clark, M., & Abed, M. (2010). Evidence for size increase in an exploited mollusc: humped conch (Strombus gibberulus) at Chelechol ra Orrak, Palau from ca. 3000e0 BP. Journal of Archaeological Science, 30: 1-11.
Muzahar, & Hakim, A. A. (2018). Spawning and Development of Dog Conch Strombus sp. Larvae in the Laboratory. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 10(1): 209-216.
Pauly, D. (1979). Theory and Management of Tropical Multispecies Stocks. A Review, with Emphasis on the Southeast Asian Demersal Fisheries. Manila: ICLARM.
Peel, J. R., and Mandujano, M. D. C. (2014). Impact of minimum catch size on the population viability of Strombus gigas (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) inQuintana Roo, Mexico. Revista de biologia tropical, 62(4): 1343-1352.
Peel, J. R. & Aranda, D.A (2013). Growth, recruitment, and mortality of the queen conch Strombus gigas in a natural protected area of the Mexican Caribbean. Proceedings of the 65 th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Santa Marta, Colombia.
Poutiers, J. M. (1998). Gastropods. In: Carpenter, K.E. & Niem, V.H. (ed.). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Rome: FAO.
Ramses, R., Syamsi, F., & Notowinarto, N. (2019). Length-Weight Relationship, Growth Patterns and Sex Ratio of Dog Conch Strombus Canarium Linnaeus, 1758 in the Waters of Kota Batam. Omni-Akuatika, 15(1): 19-29.
Rasyid, A. & Dody, S. (2018). Evaluation of the nutritional value and heavy metal content of the dried marine gastropod Laevistrombus turturella. AACL Bioflux,11(6): 799-1806.
Sparre, P. & Venema, S. C. (1998). Introduction to tropical fish stock assessment, Part I -Manual. Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper.
Stiling, P. (1999). Ecology : Theories and Application. 3rd edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Stoner, A.W. (1994). Significance of Habitat and Stock Pre-Testing for Enhancement of Natural Fisheries: Experimental Analyses with Queen Conch Strombus gigas. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 25(1): 155-165.
Stoner, A.W., Mueller, K. W., Brown-Petersond, N. J., Davise, M. H., & Bookerf, C. J. (2012). Maturation and age in queen conch (Strombus gigas): Urgent need for changes in harvest criteria. Fisheries Research. 131: 76-84.
Supratman, O. (2015). Struktur Populasi, Makanan Alami dan Reproduksi Siput Gonggong (Strombus turturella) di Bangka Selatan, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung [Tesis]. Bandung: Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Supratman, O., & Adi, W. (2018). Distribution and Condition of Seagrass Community in South Bangka, Bangka Belitung Islands. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 10(3): 561-573.
Supratman, O., & Syamsudin, T. S. (2016). Behavior and Feeding Habit of Dog Conch (Strombus turturella) in South Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. el–Hayah, 6(1): 15-21.
Supratman, O., & Syamsudin, T. S. (2018). Characteristic of Dog Conch Strombus turturella Habitat on The Seagrass Ecosystem. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis,21(2): 81-90.
Tan, S. K., & Yeo, R. K. H. (2010). The intertidal molluscs of pulau semakau : Preliminary results of project semakau. Nature in Singapore, 3: 287–296.
Viruly, L., Andarwulan, N., Suhartono, M. T., & Nurilmala, M. (2019). Protein Histon Pada Siput Gonggong Bintan Strombus Sp. Sebagai Kandidat Pangan Fungsional. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 11(1): 89-101.
Walpole, R. E. (1995). Pengantar statistik. Edisi ke-3. Terjemahan. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustka Utama.