The Correlation of Coral Reef Cover and Rugosity with Coral Reef Fish Density in East Java Waters

Wahyu Andy Nugraha; Faizun Mubarak; Eko Husaini; Hasyim Evendi

doi:10.20473/jipk.v12i1.14356

Issue

Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN

Issue Published : August 10, 2023

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Submitted

July 12, 2019

Accepted

March 20, 2020

Published

March 21, 2020

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The Correlation of Coral Reef Cover and Rugosity with Coral Reef Fish Density in East Java Waters

https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i1.14356

Wahyu Andy Nugraha

Jurusan Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Jalan Raya Telang, Kamal, Bangkalan, Jawa Timur 69162

Faizun Mubarak

Jurusan Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Jalan Raya Telang, Kamal, Bangkalan, Jawa Timur 69162

Eko Husaini

Jurusan Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Jalan Raya Telang, Kamal, Bangkalan, Jawa Timur 69162

Hasyim Evendi

Jurusan Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, Jalan Raya Telang, Kamal, Bangkalan, Jawa Timur 69162

Corresponding Author(s) : Wahyu Andy Nugraha

wahyuandy@trunojoyo.ac.id

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Article Published : March 21, 2020

Abstract

Highlights

Coral cover, rugosity, and reef fish abundance was determined
The relationship between coral cover and rugosity and fish abundance was analyzed.
Coral cover in East Java were categorized as medium – good.
The rugosity index and the fish abundance were highest in Bangsring Waters.
There are no relationships between coral cover and fish abundance, but there is relationship between rugosity and fish abundance.

Abstract

A coral reef is one of the most complex and specific ecosystems in a tropical area. It is identified by its high productivity and biodiversity. This research aims to discover the percentage of coral reef cover and rugosity, as well as the fish abundance in several locations in East Java, Indonesia. In addition, this research aims to investigate the correlation of coral reef cover and rugosity with the density of coral reef fish. This research was conducted in three locations, i.e., Bangsring Waters of Wongsorejo District, Banyuwangi Regency; Gili Noko Bawean Island, Gresik Regency; and Kramat Island, Gili Genting District, Sumenep Regency. This research employed the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method to calculate the percentage of coral reef cover, the Chain Intercept Transect (CIT) method to determine the coral reef rugosity, and the Belt Transect method to estimate the fish abundance. From this research, it was revealed that the highest coral reef cover was in Bawean waters, while the highest rugosity was in Bangring waters. In addition, the highest coral reef fish density was in Bangsring waters. Meanwhile, the coral reef fish density did not correlate with the percentage of coral reef cover. In contrast, it correlated with the coral reef rugosity.

Keywords

coral reefcoral reef coverRugositycoral reef fish

Nugraha, W. A., Mubarak, F., Husaini, E., & Evendi, H. (2020). The Correlation of Coral Reef Cover and Rugosity with Coral Reef Fish Density in East Java Waters. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 12(1), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i1.14356

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References

Allen, G. E., Steene, P. H., & Deloach, N. (2003). Reef Fish Indentification-Tropical Pacific. New World Publication, INC. Jacksonville, Florida. USA. 465p.
Azniana, N. (2015). Struktur Komunitas Ikan Karang Berdasarkan Kondisi Habitat Di Perairan Pulau Lara Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan. 57 hal.
Bellwood, D. R., Hoey, A. S., Ackerman, J. L., & Depczynski, M. (2006). Coral bleaching, reef fish community phase shifts and the resilience of coral reefs. Global Change Biology, 12(9): 1587-1594.
Bozec, Y. M., Yakob, L., Bejarano, S., & Mumby, P. J. (2013). Reciprocal facilitation and non-linearity maintain habitat engineering on coral reefs. Oikos, 122(3): 428-440.
Burkepile, D. E., & Hay, M. E. (2006). Herbivore vs. nutrient control of marine primary producers: Context-dependent effects. Ecology, 87(12): 3128-3139.
Choat, J. H., & Bellwood, D. R. (1991). Reef Fishes: Their History and Evolution, In Sale P.F. (eds). The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs. Academic Press, Inc. pp.36-66.
Chong-Seng, K. M., Mannering, T. D., Pratchett, M. S., Bellwood, D. R., & Graham, N. A. (2012). The influence of coral reef benthic condition on associated fish assemblages. PLoS One, 7(8): e42167.
Dahuri, R. (2000). Pendayagunaan Sumberdaya Kelautan Untuk Kesejahteraan Masyarakat. LIPI Jakarta.
Dahuri, R., Rais, J., Ginting, S. P., & Sitepu, M. J. (2001). Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Wilayah Pesisir dan Lautan Secara Terpadu. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.
English, S. S., Wilkinson, C. C., & Baker, V. V. (1997). Survey manual for tropical marine resources. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville. Australia.
Friedlander, A. M., & Parrish, J. D. (1998). Habitat characteristics affecting fish assemblages on a Hawaiian coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 224(1): 1-30.
Gomez, E. D., & Yap, H. T. (1988). Monitoring reef condition. Coral Reef Management Hand Book. Unesco Regional Office for South East Asia. Jakarta. pp. 171-178.
Gratwicke, B., & Speight, M. R. (2005a). Effects of habitat complexity on Caribbean marine fish assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 292: 301-310.
Gratwicke, B., & Speight, M. R. (2005b). The relationship between fish species richness, abundance and habitat complexity in a range of shallow tropical marine habitats. Journal of Fish Biology, 66(3): 650-667.
Hadi, T. A., Giyanto, P. B., Hafizt, M., Budiyanto, A., & Suharsono. (2018). Status Terumbu Karang Indonesia 2018. Jakarta: Puslit Oseanografi - LIPI. 26 hal.
Hartoni, Damar, A., & Wardiatno, Y. (2012). Kondisi Terumbu Karang di Perairan Pulau Tegal dan Sidodadi Kecamatan Padang Cermin Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung. Maspari Journal: Marine Science Research, 4(1): 46-57.
Hill, J., & Wilkinson, C. (2004). Methods for ecological monitoring of coral reefs. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. pp. 117.
Hixon, M. A., & Beets, J. P. (1989). Shelter characteristics and Caribbean fish assemblages: experiments with artificial reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science, 44(2): 666-680.
Holbrook, S. J., Schmitt, R. J., & Brooks, A. J. (2008). Resistance and resilience of a coral reef fish community to changes in coral cover. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 371: 263-271.
Howard, K. G., Schumacher, B. D., & Parrish, J. D. (2009). Community structure and habitat associations of parrotfishes on Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental biology of fishes, 85(2), 175-186.
Ilham. (2007). Keterkaitan Kondisi dan Rugositas Terumbu Karang dengan Kelimpahan dan Keragaman Ikan Karang di Pulau Badi Kabupaten Pangkep. Skripsi. Makassar: Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fak. Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan.
Kepmen LH. (2001). Peraturan Perundang-undangan Bidang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan, Keputusan Menteri Negara No. 4 tentang Kriteria Baku Untuk Biota Laut. Jakarta: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup.
Luckhurst, B., & Luckhurst, K. (1978). Analysis of the influence of substrate variable on coral reef communities. Marine Biology, 49: 469-478.
Luthfi, O. M., & Anugrah, P. T. (2017). Distribusi karang keras (Scleractinia) sebagai penyusun utama ekosistem terumbu karang di Gosong Karang Pakiman, Pulau Bawean. DEPIK Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan, 6(1): 9-22.
Magno, M., & C. Villanoy. (2006). Quantifiying the Complexity of Phillipine Coasline for Estimating Entrainment Potential. 10th International Coral Reef Sympossium. Hal. : 1471-1476
McCormick, M. I. (1994). Comparison of field methods for measuring surface topography and their associations with a tropical reef fish assemblage. Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf, 112(1): 87-96.
Mumby, P. J., & Steneck, R. S. (2008). Coral reef management and conservation in light of rapidly evolving ecological paradigms. Trends in ecology & evolution, 23(10): 555-563.
Mumby, P. J., Wolff, N. H., Bozec, Y. M., Chollett, I., & Halloran, P. (2014). Operationalizing the resilience of coral reefs in an era of climate change. Conservation Letters, 7(3): 176-187.
Muniaha, H., Nur, A. I., & Rahmadani. (2017). Studi Kelimpahan Ikan Karang Berdasarkan Kondisi Terumbu Karang Di Desa Ranjung Tiram Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan, 2(1): 109-119
Nachtsheim, C. J., Neter, J., Li, W., & Kutner, M. H. (2004). Applied linear statistical models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A General, Fifth, 1396.
Nyabakken, J. W. (1993). Biologi Laut Suatu Pendekatan Ekologis. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka.
Odum, E. P. (1998). Dasar-dasar Ekologi: Terjemahan dari Fundamentals of Ecology. Alih Bahasa Samingan, T. Edisi Ketiga. Yogyakarta; Universitas Gadjah Mada Press.
Pratchett, M. S., Hoey, A. S., Wilson, S. K., Messmer, V., & Graham, N. A. (2011). Changes in biodiversity and functioning of reef fish assemblages following coral bleaching and coral loss. Diversity, 3(3): 424-452.
Pratchett, M. S., Wilson, S. K., & Baird, A. H. (2006). Declines in the abundance of Chaetodon butterflyfishes following extensive coral depletion. Journal of fish Biology, 69(5): 1269-1280.
Rani, M. H., Saad, S., Khodzari, M. F. A., Ramli, R., & Yusof, M. H. (2015). Scleractinian coral recruitment density in coastal water of Balok, Pahang, Malaysia. Jurnal Teknologi 25: 13-1
Risk, M. J. (1972). Fish diversity on a coral reef in the Virgin Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin.
Sawyer, D. A. (1992). Taka Bone Rate: Management, Development and Resources Valuation of an Indonesian Atoll (Thesis). Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Suparmoko, M. (2002). Buku Pedoman Penilaian Ekonomi Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan (Konsep dan Metode Perhitungan). Yogyakarta: BPFE.
Syms, C., & Jones, G. P. (2000). Disturbance, habitat structure, and the dynamics of a coral"reef fish community. Ecology, 81(10): 2714-2729.
Tzadik, O. E., & Appeldoorn, R. S. (2013). Reef structure drives parrotfish species composition on shelf edge reefs in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Continental Shelf Research, 54: 14-23.

References

Allen, G. E., Steene, P. H., & Deloach, N. (2003). Reef Fish Indentification-Tropical Pacific. New World Publication, INC. Jacksonville, Florida. USA. 465p.

Azniana, N. (2015). Struktur Komunitas Ikan Karang Berdasarkan Kondisi Habitat Di Perairan Pulau Lara Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Skripsi. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan. 57 hal.

Bellwood, D. R., Hoey, A. S., Ackerman, J. L., & Depczynski, M. (2006). Coral bleaching, reef fish community phase shifts and the resilience of coral reefs. Global Change Biology, 12(9): 1587-1594.

Bozec, Y. M., Yakob, L., Bejarano, S., & Mumby, P. J. (2013). Reciprocal facilitation and non-linearity maintain habitat engineering on coral reefs. Oikos, 122(3): 428-440.

Burkepile, D. E., & Hay, M. E. (2006). Herbivore vs. nutrient control of marine primary producers: Context-dependent effects. Ecology, 87(12): 3128-3139.

Choat, J. H., & Bellwood, D. R. (1991). Reef Fishes: Their History and Evolution, In Sale P.F. (eds). The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs. Academic Press, Inc. pp.36-66.

Chong-Seng, K. M., Mannering, T. D., Pratchett, M. S., Bellwood, D. R., & Graham, N. A. (2012). The influence of coral reef benthic condition on associated fish assemblages. PLoS One, 7(8): e42167.

Dahuri, R. (2000). Pendayagunaan Sumberdaya Kelautan Untuk Kesejahteraan Masyarakat. LIPI Jakarta.

Dahuri, R., Rais, J., Ginting, S. P., & Sitepu, M. J. (2001). Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Wilayah Pesisir dan Lautan Secara Terpadu. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita.

English, S. S., Wilkinson, C. C., & Baker, V. V. (1997). Survey manual for tropical marine resources. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville. Australia.

Friedlander, A. M., & Parrish, J. D. (1998). Habitat characteristics affecting fish assemblages on a Hawaiian coral reef. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 224(1): 1-30.

Gomez, E. D., & Yap, H. T. (1988). Monitoring reef condition. Coral Reef Management Hand Book. Unesco Regional Office for South East Asia. Jakarta. pp. 171-178.

Gratwicke, B., & Speight, M. R. (2005a). Effects of habitat complexity on Caribbean marine fish assemblages. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 292: 301-310.

Gratwicke, B., & Speight, M. R. (2005b). The relationship between fish species richness, abundance and habitat complexity in a range of shallow tropical marine habitats. Journal of Fish Biology, 66(3): 650-667.

Hadi, T. A., Giyanto, P. B., Hafizt, M., Budiyanto, A., & Suharsono. (2018). Status Terumbu Karang Indonesia 2018. Jakarta: Puslit Oseanografi - LIPI. 26 hal.

Hartoni, Damar, A., & Wardiatno, Y. (2012). Kondisi Terumbu Karang di Perairan Pulau Tegal dan Sidodadi Kecamatan Padang Cermin Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung. Maspari Journal: Marine Science Research, 4(1): 46-57.

Hill, J., & Wilkinson, C. (2004). Methods for ecological monitoring of coral reefs. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. pp. 117.

Hixon, M. A., & Beets, J. P. (1989). Shelter characteristics and Caribbean fish assemblages: experiments with artificial reefs. Bulletin of Marine Science, 44(2): 666-680.

Holbrook, S. J., Schmitt, R. J., & Brooks, A. J. (2008). Resistance and resilience of a coral reef fish community to changes in coral cover. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 371: 263-271.

Howard, K. G., Schumacher, B. D., & Parrish, J. D. (2009). Community structure and habitat associations of parrotfishes on Oahu, Hawaii. Environmental biology of fishes, 85(2), 175-186.

Ilham. (2007). Keterkaitan Kondisi dan Rugositas Terumbu Karang dengan Kelimpahan dan Keragaman Ikan Karang di Pulau Badi Kabupaten Pangkep. Skripsi. Makassar: Jurusan Ilmu Kelautan, Fak. Ilmu Kelautan dan Perikanan.

Kepmen LH. (2001). Peraturan Perundang-undangan Bidang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup dan Pengendalian Dampak Lingkungan, Keputusan Menteri Negara No. 4 tentang Kriteria Baku Untuk Biota Laut. Jakarta: Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup.

Luckhurst, B., & Luckhurst, K. (1978). Analysis of the influence of substrate variable on coral reef communities. Marine Biology, 49: 469-478.

Luthfi, O. M., & Anugrah, P. T. (2017). Distribusi karang keras (Scleractinia) sebagai penyusun utama ekosistem terumbu karang di Gosong Karang Pakiman, Pulau Bawean. DEPIK Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan, 6(1): 9-22.

Magno, M., & C. Villanoy. (2006). Quantifiying the Complexity of Phillipine Coasline for Estimating Entrainment Potential. 10th International Coral Reef Sympossium. Hal. : 1471-1476

McCormick, M. I. (1994). Comparison of field methods for measuring surface topography and their associations with a tropical reef fish assemblage. Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf, 112(1): 87-96.

Mumby, P. J., & Steneck, R. S. (2008). Coral reef management and conservation in light of rapidly evolving ecological paradigms. Trends in ecology & evolution, 23(10): 555-563.

Mumby, P. J., Wolff, N. H., Bozec, Y. M., Chollett, I., & Halloran, P. (2014). Operationalizing the resilience of coral reefs in an era of climate change. Conservation Letters, 7(3): 176-187.

Muniaha, H., Nur, A. I., & Rahmadani. (2017). Studi Kelimpahan Ikan Karang Berdasarkan Kondisi Terumbu Karang Di Desa Ranjung Tiram Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Jurnal Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan, 2(1): 109-119

Nachtsheim, C. J., Neter, J., Li, W., & Kutner, M. H. (2004). Applied linear statistical models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A General, Fifth, 1396.

Nyabakken, J. W. (1993). Biologi Laut Suatu Pendekatan Ekologis. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka.

Odum, E. P. (1998). Dasar-dasar Ekologi: Terjemahan dari Fundamentals of Ecology. Alih Bahasa Samingan, T. Edisi Ketiga. Yogyakarta; Universitas Gadjah Mada Press.

Pratchett, M. S., Hoey, A. S., Wilson, S. K., Messmer, V., & Graham, N. A. (2011). Changes in biodiversity and functioning of reef fish assemblages following coral bleaching and coral loss. Diversity, 3(3): 424-452.

Pratchett, M. S., Wilson, S. K., & Baird, A. H. (2006). Declines in the abundance of Chaetodon butterflyfishes following extensive coral depletion. Journal of fish Biology, 69(5): 1269-1280.

Rani, M. H., Saad, S., Khodzari, M. F. A., Ramli, R., & Yusof, M. H. (2015). Scleractinian coral recruitment density in coastal water of Balok, Pahang, Malaysia. Jurnal Teknologi 25: 13-1

Risk, M. J. (1972). Fish diversity on a coral reef in the Virgin Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin.

Sawyer, D. A. (1992). Taka Bone Rate: Management, Development and Resources Valuation of an Indonesian Atoll (Thesis). Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.

Suparmoko, M. (2002). Buku Pedoman Penilaian Ekonomi Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan (Konsep dan Metode Perhitungan). Yogyakarta: BPFE.

Syms, C., & Jones, G. P. (2000). Disturbance, habitat structure, and the dynamics of a coral"reef fish community. Ecology, 81(10): 2714-2729.

Tzadik, O. E., & Appeldoorn, R. S. (2013). Reef structure drives parrotfish species composition on shelf edge reefs in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Continental Shelf Research, 54: 14-23.

Author biographies is not available.