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The Effect of Plastic Waste Attachment on Branching Coral to Zooxanthellae Abundance in the Kelapa Dua Island Waters, Seribu Islands
Corresponding Author(s) : Fadel Muhammad
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
- Light intensity from plastic waste was positively correlated with the abundance of zooxanthellae in corals.
- The abundance of zooxanthellae between sack plastic and clear plastic treatment tended to be the same.
- The treatment of packaging plastic was treated with the lowest light intensity.
- The treatment of black plastic was the treatment that produced the lowest abundance of zooxanthellae.
Abstract
Coral growth in Indonesia was being disrupted due to the continued threat of environmental change, such as littering to the beach. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the attachment of different colored plastic waste to the rate of zooxanthellae abundance on branching corals in Kelapa Dua Island waters. Branching coral colony samples consisted of the genus Acropora and Porites with a total of 15 fragments of coral colonies at the depth of 80-90 cm were tested with a treatment of the attachment plastic wastes (control, clear plastic, plastic sack, plastic packaging, and black plastic) for four days. The zooxanthellae abundance was calculated using the APHA (American Public Health Association) formula. The results of zooxanthellae abundance on the closure treatment of branching coral samples with black plastic and control had the lowest and highest values by 4.25 x 105 cells/cm2 and 1.38 x 106 cells/cm2. The results of the linear regression test showed that there was a significant relationship between plastic waste with low light intensity and a decrease of zooxanthellae abundance in coral colonies with the equation Y of 972.78x + 653402, determination index (R2) of 0.68, and correlation index (r) of 0.83. These results indicated that the attachment of plastic waste to branching coral colonies could be a stressor on coral animals in reducing light intensity, which caused a reduction of zooxanthellae abundance as coral endosymbiont.
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- Abu-Hilal, A., & Al-Najjar, T. (2009). Marine litter in coral reef areas along the Jordan Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(2): 1043–1049.
- Al-Jufaili, S., Al-Jabri, M., Al-Baluchi, A., Baldwin, R. M., Wilson, S. G., West, F., & Matthews, A. D. (1999). Human impacts on coral reefs in the Sultanate of Oman. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 49(1): 65–74.
- Asmiati, Palupi, R. D., & Ira. (2017). Densitas Zooxanthellae Berdasarkan Bentuk Pertumbuhan Karang di Perairan Kessilampe dan Bangkutoko Kendari. Sapa Laut, 2(2): 37–44.
- Ballesteros, L. V., Matthews, J. L., & Hoeksema, B. W. (2018). Pollution and coral damage caused by derelict fi shing gear on coral reefs around Koh Tao, Gulf of Thailand. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135: 1107–1116.
- Barus, B. S., Pratono, T., & Shoedarma, D. (2018). Keterkaitan sedimentasi dengan persen tutupan terumbu karang di Perairan Teluk Lampung Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 10(1): 49-58.
- Bavestrello, G., Cerrano, C., Zanzi, D., & Cattaneo-Vietti, R. (1997). Damage by fishing activities to the Gorgonian coralParamuricea clavata in the Ligurian Sea. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 7(3): 253–262.
- Chiappone, M., Dienes, H., Swanson, D. W., & Miller, S. L. (2005). Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Biological Conservation, 121(2): 221–230.
- Cordova, M. R., & Nurhati, I. S. (2019). Major sources and monthly variations in the release of landerived marine debris from the Greater Jakarta area, Indonesia Scientific Reports, 9(1): 1-8.
- Costa, C., & Amaral, F. (2000). Density and size differences of symbiotic dinoflagellates from five reef-building coral species from Brazil. Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali, 23-27 October 2000, 1: 1-4.
- Fachrurrozie, A., Patria, M. P., & Widiarti, R. (2012). Pengaruh Perbedaaan Intensitas Cahaya terhadap Kelimpahan Zooxanthellae pada Karang Bercabang (Marga: Acropora) di Perairan Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu. Jurnal Akuatika, 3(2): 115–124.
- Glynn, P. W. (1993). Coral reef bleaching: ecological perspectives. Coral Reefs, 12(1): 1–17.
- Haynes, D. (1997). Marine Debris on Continental Islands and Sand Cays in the Far Northern Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34(4): 276–279.
- Heery, E. C., Hoeksema, B. W., Browne, N. K., Reimer, J. D., Ang, P. O., Huang, D., Friess, D. A., Chou, L. M., Loke, L. H. L., Saksena-Taylor, P., Alsagoff, N., Yeemin, T., Sutthacheep, M., Vo, S. T., Bos, A. R., Gumanao, G. S., Syed Hussein, M. A., Waheed, Z., Lane, D. J. W., & Todd, P. A. (2018). Urban coral reefs: Degradation and resilience of hard coral assemblages in coastal cities of East and Southeast Asia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135: 654–681.
- Hill, R., Ulstrup, K. E., & Ralph, P. J. (2009). Temperature induced changes in thylakoid membrane thermostability of cultured, freshly isolated, and expelled zooxanthellae from scleractinian corals. Bulletin of Marine Science, 85(3): 223–244.
- Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K. L. (2015). Plastic wate inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347(768): 768–771.
- Jones, R. J., & Yellowlees, D. (1997). Regulation and control of intracellular algae (= zooxanthellae) in hard corals. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society, Biological Sciences, 352(1352): 457–468.
- Kuanui, P., Chavanich, S., Viyakarn, V., Omori, M., Fujita, T., & Lin, C. (2020). Effect of light intensity on survival and photosynthetic efficiency of cultured corals of different ages. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 235: 106515.
- Lamb, J. B., Willis, B. L., Fiorenza, E. A., Couch, C. S., Howard, R., Rader, D. N., True, J. D., Kelly, L. A., Ahmad, A., Jompa, J., & Harvell, C. D. (2018). Plastic waste associated with disease on coral reefs. Science, 359(6374): 460–462.
- Loulad, S., Houssa, R., Ouamari, N. EL, & Rhinane, H. (2019). Quantity and spatial distribution of seafloor marine debris in the Moroccan Mediterranean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 139: 163–173.
- Mwaura, J., Grimsditch, G., Kilonzo, J., Amiyo, N., & Obura, D. (2009). Zooxanthellae Densities are Highest in Summer Months in Equatorial Corals in Kenya. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 8(2): 193–202.
- Pudjiarto, R. K., & Widiarti, R. (2015). Kelimpahan Zooxanthellae pada Koloni Karang Montipora yang Terinfeksi Black Bsnd Disease dan White Syndrome di Pulau Air, Kepulauan Seribu. Prosiding Simposium Nasional Kelautan Dan Perikanan II Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, pp. 80–84.
- Pudjiarto, R. K., Widiarti, R., Johan, O., & Patria, M. P. (2015). Kelimpahan Zooxanthellae pada Koloni Karang yang Terinfeksi Black Band Disease dan White Syndrome di Pulau Pahawang Besar dan Pulau Kelagian Kecil, Lampung. Pertemuan Ilmiah Nasional Tahunan XII ISOI Banda Aceh, pp. 213–221.
- Rani, C., Jompa, J., & Amiruddin. (2004). Pertumbuhan Tahunan Karang Keras Porites lutea di Kepulauan Spermonde: Hubungannya dengan Suhu dan Curah Hujan. Torani, 14(4): 195–203.
- Richards, Z. T., & Beger, M. (2011). A quantification of the standing stock of macro-debris in Majuro lagoon and its effect on hard coral communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(8): 1693–1701.
- Sahwan, F. L. (2004). Strategi Pengelolaan Sampah di Kawasan Kepulauan Seribu. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan. P3TL-BPPT, 5(1):12–16.
- Shidqi, R. A., Pamuji, B., Sulistiantoro, T., Risza, M., Derystia, E., Hartini, R., Valentina, B., & Zul, R. (2018). Coral health monitoring at Melinjo Island and Saktu Island : Influence from Jakarta Bay. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 18: 237–242.
- Subhan, B., Soedharma, D., Arafat, D., Madduppa, H., Rahmawati, F., Ervinia, A., Bramandito, A., Khaerudi, D., & Ghozali, A. T. (2012). Pengaruh Cahaya Terhadap Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup dan Pertumbuhan Karang Lunak Lobophytum Strictum (Octocoralia: Alcyonacea) Hasil Transplantasi pada Sistem Resirkulasi. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 3(2): 35–42.
- Widiarti, R., Johan, O., & Pudjiarto, R. K. (2014). Kelimpahan Zooxanthellae pada Koloni Karang Montipora yang Terinfeksi Black Band Disease dan White Syndrome di Pulau Pramuka , Kepulauan Seribu. Pertemuan Ilmiah Nasional Tahunan XI ISOI Balikpapan, pp. 156–162.
References
Abu-Hilal, A., & Al-Najjar, T. (2009). Marine litter in coral reef areas along the Jordan Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(2): 1043–1049.
Al-Jufaili, S., Al-Jabri, M., Al-Baluchi, A., Baldwin, R. M., Wilson, S. G., West, F., & Matthews, A. D. (1999). Human impacts on coral reefs in the Sultanate of Oman. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 49(1): 65–74.
Asmiati, Palupi, R. D., & Ira. (2017). Densitas Zooxanthellae Berdasarkan Bentuk Pertumbuhan Karang di Perairan Kessilampe dan Bangkutoko Kendari. Sapa Laut, 2(2): 37–44.
Ballesteros, L. V., Matthews, J. L., & Hoeksema, B. W. (2018). Pollution and coral damage caused by derelict fi shing gear on coral reefs around Koh Tao, Gulf of Thailand. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135: 1107–1116.
Barus, B. S., Pratono, T., & Shoedarma, D. (2018). Keterkaitan sedimentasi dengan persen tutupan terumbu karang di Perairan Teluk Lampung Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 10(1): 49-58.
Bavestrello, G., Cerrano, C., Zanzi, D., & Cattaneo-Vietti, R. (1997). Damage by fishing activities to the Gorgonian coralParamuricea clavata in the Ligurian Sea. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 7(3): 253–262.
Chiappone, M., Dienes, H., Swanson, D. W., & Miller, S. L. (2005). Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Biological Conservation, 121(2): 221–230.
Cordova, M. R., & Nurhati, I. S. (2019). Major sources and monthly variations in the release of landerived marine debris from the Greater Jakarta area, Indonesia Scientific Reports, 9(1): 1-8.
Costa, C., & Amaral, F. (2000). Density and size differences of symbiotic dinoflagellates from five reef-building coral species from Brazil. Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali, 23-27 October 2000, 1: 1-4.
Fachrurrozie, A., Patria, M. P., & Widiarti, R. (2012). Pengaruh Perbedaaan Intensitas Cahaya terhadap Kelimpahan Zooxanthellae pada Karang Bercabang (Marga: Acropora) di Perairan Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu. Jurnal Akuatika, 3(2): 115–124.
Glynn, P. W. (1993). Coral reef bleaching: ecological perspectives. Coral Reefs, 12(1): 1–17.
Haynes, D. (1997). Marine Debris on Continental Islands and Sand Cays in the Far Northern Section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 34(4): 276–279.
Heery, E. C., Hoeksema, B. W., Browne, N. K., Reimer, J. D., Ang, P. O., Huang, D., Friess, D. A., Chou, L. M., Loke, L. H. L., Saksena-Taylor, P., Alsagoff, N., Yeemin, T., Sutthacheep, M., Vo, S. T., Bos, A. R., Gumanao, G. S., Syed Hussein, M. A., Waheed, Z., Lane, D. J. W., & Todd, P. A. (2018). Urban coral reefs: Degradation and resilience of hard coral assemblages in coastal cities of East and Southeast Asia. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 135: 654–681.
Hill, R., Ulstrup, K. E., & Ralph, P. J. (2009). Temperature induced changes in thylakoid membrane thermostability of cultured, freshly isolated, and expelled zooxanthellae from scleractinian corals. Bulletin of Marine Science, 85(3): 223–244.
Jambeck, J. R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T. R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K. L. (2015). Plastic wate inputs from land into the ocean. Science, 347(768): 768–771.
Jones, R. J., & Yellowlees, D. (1997). Regulation and control of intracellular algae (= zooxanthellae) in hard corals. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society, Biological Sciences, 352(1352): 457–468.
Kuanui, P., Chavanich, S., Viyakarn, V., Omori, M., Fujita, T., & Lin, C. (2020). Effect of light intensity on survival and photosynthetic efficiency of cultured corals of different ages. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 235: 106515.
Lamb, J. B., Willis, B. L., Fiorenza, E. A., Couch, C. S., Howard, R., Rader, D. N., True, J. D., Kelly, L. A., Ahmad, A., Jompa, J., & Harvell, C. D. (2018). Plastic waste associated with disease on coral reefs. Science, 359(6374): 460–462.
Loulad, S., Houssa, R., Ouamari, N. EL, & Rhinane, H. (2019). Quantity and spatial distribution of seafloor marine debris in the Moroccan Mediterranean Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 139: 163–173.
Mwaura, J., Grimsditch, G., Kilonzo, J., Amiyo, N., & Obura, D. (2009). Zooxanthellae Densities are Highest in Summer Months in Equatorial Corals in Kenya. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 8(2): 193–202.
Pudjiarto, R. K., & Widiarti, R. (2015). Kelimpahan Zooxanthellae pada Koloni Karang Montipora yang Terinfeksi Black Bsnd Disease dan White Syndrome di Pulau Air, Kepulauan Seribu. Prosiding Simposium Nasional Kelautan Dan Perikanan II Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, pp. 80–84.
Pudjiarto, R. K., Widiarti, R., Johan, O., & Patria, M. P. (2015). Kelimpahan Zooxanthellae pada Koloni Karang yang Terinfeksi Black Band Disease dan White Syndrome di Pulau Pahawang Besar dan Pulau Kelagian Kecil, Lampung. Pertemuan Ilmiah Nasional Tahunan XII ISOI Banda Aceh, pp. 213–221.
Rani, C., Jompa, J., & Amiruddin. (2004). Pertumbuhan Tahunan Karang Keras Porites lutea di Kepulauan Spermonde: Hubungannya dengan Suhu dan Curah Hujan. Torani, 14(4): 195–203.
Richards, Z. T., & Beger, M. (2011). A quantification of the standing stock of macro-debris in Majuro lagoon and its effect on hard coral communities. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(8): 1693–1701.
Sahwan, F. L. (2004). Strategi Pengelolaan Sampah di Kawasan Kepulauan Seribu. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan. P3TL-BPPT, 5(1):12–16.
Shidqi, R. A., Pamuji, B., Sulistiantoro, T., Risza, M., Derystia, E., Hartini, R., Valentina, B., & Zul, R. (2018). Coral health monitoring at Melinjo Island and Saktu Island : Influence from Jakarta Bay. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 18: 237–242.
Subhan, B., Soedharma, D., Arafat, D., Madduppa, H., Rahmawati, F., Ervinia, A., Bramandito, A., Khaerudi, D., & Ghozali, A. T. (2012). Pengaruh Cahaya Terhadap Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup dan Pertumbuhan Karang Lunak Lobophytum Strictum (Octocoralia: Alcyonacea) Hasil Transplantasi pada Sistem Resirkulasi. Jurnal Teknologi Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 3(2): 35–42.
Widiarti, R., Johan, O., & Pudjiarto, R. K. (2014). Kelimpahan Zooxanthellae pada Koloni Karang Montipora yang Terinfeksi Black Band Disease dan White Syndrome di Pulau Pramuka , Kepulauan Seribu. Pertemuan Ilmiah Nasional Tahunan XI ISOI Balikpapan, pp. 156–162.