Study of Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii Explants Growth in the Different Salinity Concentrations

Muhammad Aris; Fatma Muchdar; Rusmawati Labenua

doi:10.20473/jipk.v13i1.19842

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN

Issue Published : August 10, 2023

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Submitted

June 11, 2020

Accepted

March 20, 2021

Published

March 31, 2021

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Aquaculture Microalgae, Plankton, Feed, Anti-Biofilm, and Nanoparticles

Study of Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii Explants Growth in the Different Salinity Concentrations

https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v13i1.19842

Muhammad Aris

University of Khairun

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7724-4175

Fatma Muchdar

University of Khairun

Rusmawati Labenua

University of Khairun

Corresponding Author(s) : Muhammad Aris

amboasse100676@gmail.com

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 13 No. 1 (2021): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Article Published : March 31, 2021

Abstract

Highlight

The best salinity for the thallus growth of K. alvarezii is 32 mg/L
The salinity indicates the osmotic balance of K. alvarezii seaweed
This osmoregulation process affects the nutrient absorption of K. alvarezii seaweed
This study aims to develop the availibility of superior seeds of K. alvarezii

Abstract

Kappaphycus alvarezii is one of the leading commodities in Indonesian waters. Demand for this commodity is quite high, as reflected in the increasing volume of exports each year. Fulfillment of these demands is obtained from the production of cultivation. Generally farmers get natural seaweed seedlings, namely cuttings from existing seaweed. The continuous use of seeds from nature can cause deterioration in the quality and quantity. Handling the problem of quality deterioration from seaweed seeds originating from nature, can be overcome by multiplying the seeds through tissue culture methods in vitro. In term of tissue culture techniques method, the most important thing to note is environmental parameters. An environment parameter that changes suddenly such as salinity can inhibit the growth of seaweed. Thus, this work is attampting the different salinity treatment on seaweed explants K. alvarezii. This study aims at determining (weight) the explants of K. alvarezii with a comparison of the different salinity levels in the in vitro tissue culture method. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with the different salinity treatments namely 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34 ppt. The results showed that the different salinities influenced the growth rate of K. alvarezii seaweed explants with the best explant growth at the salinity of 31 ppt, while the lowest growth value was obtained at 34 ppt

Keywords

Salinity Tissue Culture Explants Kappaphycus alvarezii

Aris, M., Muchdar, F., & Labenua, R. (2021). Study of Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii Explants Growth in the Different Salinity Concentrations. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 13(1), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v13i1.19842

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References

Amin, M., Rumayar, T. P., Femmi, N. F., Kemur, D., & Suwitra, I. K. (2005). Kajian budidaya rumput laut (Eucheuma cotonii) dengan sistem dan musim tanam yang berbeda di Kabupaten Bangkep Sulawesi tengah. Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 8(2): 282-291.
Araújo, F. O., Ursi, S., & Plastino, E. M. (2014). Intraspecific variation in Gracilaria caudata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): growth, pigment content and photosynthesis. Journal of Applied Phycology, 26(2): 849–858.
Banerjee, G., & Ray, A. K. (2018). The effect of seasonal temperature on endogenous gut enzyme activity in four air-breathing ï¬sh species. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 76(2): 60-65.
Bindu, M. S., & Levine, I. A. (2011). The commercial red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii an overview on farming and environment. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23: 789–796.
Bixler, H. J., & Porse, H. (2011). A decade of change in the seaweed hydrocolloids industry. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23: 321-335.
Castro, J. Z., & Yokoya, N. S. (2018). Growth and biochemical responses of tropical and subtropical strains of Gracilaria domingensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) to temperature and irradiance variations. Journal of Applied Phycology, 31: 607-613.
Dawes, C. J., LaClaire, J. W., & Moon R. E. (1974). Culture Studies on Eucheuma nudum J. Agarth, carrageenan producing red algae from Florida. Aquaculture, 7: 1- 9.
Dawes, C. J. (1981). Marine Botany. John Wiley and Sons. University of South Florida. New York. 1983 pp.
DekiÄ‡, R., Ivanc, A., MandiÄ‡, M., LoliÄ‡, S., & BakraÄ-BeÄ‡iraj, A. (2013). Utjecaj Promjena Temperature Vode Na Eritrocitni Profil Carassius Gibelio. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 71(1): 32-36.
Doty, M. S. (1973). Farming the red seaweed, Eucheuma, for carrageenans. Micronesica, 9(1): 59–73.
Gonza´lez, A., Castro, J., Vera, J., & Moenne, A. (2013). Seaweed Oligosaccharides Stimulate Plant Growth by Enhancing Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation, Basal Metabolism, and Cell Division. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 32(2): 443–448.
Guan, X., Wang, J., Zhu, J., Yao, C., Liu, J., Qin, S., & Jiang, P. (2013). Photosystem II Photochemistry and Phycobiliprotein of the Red Algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and Their Implications for Light Adaptation. BioMed Research International, 2013(2): 1-9.
Harwinda, F. K., Satyantini, W. H., & Masithah, E. W. (2018). The effects of salinity and temperature shock on Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed spores release. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 137: 1-7.
Hayashi, L., Hurtado, A. Q., Msuya, F. E., Bleicher-Lhonneur, G., & Critchley, A. T. (2010). A review of Kappaphycus farming: prospects and constraints. Cell Origin Life Extrem 15: 251–283.
Hayashi, L., Faria, G. S. M., Nunes, B. G., Zitta, C. S., Scariot, L. A., Rover, T., Felix, M. R. L., & Bouzon, Z. L. (2010). Effects of salinity on the growth rate, carrageenan yield, and cellular structure of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) cultured in vitro. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23: 439–447.
Hurtado, A. Q., Yunque, D. A., Tibubos, K., & Critchley, A. T. (2009). Use of Acadian marine plant extract powder from Ascophyllum nodosum in tissue culture of Kappaphycus varieties. Journal of Applied Phycology, 21(6): 633–639.
Lansida. (2003). Pengenceran Larutan, Ekstraksi Obat dan Ekstrasi Para Analisis. Sekolah tinggi Farmasi Indonesia Perintis. Padang.
Li, Q., Zhang, L., Pang, T., & Liu, J. (2019). Comparative transcriptome profiling of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) in response to two extreme temperature treatments: an RNA-seq-based resource for photosynthesis research. European Journal of Phycology, 54(2): 1-13.
Lobban, C. S., & Harrison, P. J. (1994). Seaweed Ecology and Physiology. Cambridges University Press. 366 pp.
Marroig, R. G., Loureiro, R. R., & Reis, R. P. (2015). The effect of Ascophyllum nodosum (Ochrophyta) extract powder on the epibiosis of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) commercially cultivated on floating rafts. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(4): 1-7.
Mendoza, W. G., Montano, N. E., Ganzon-Fortes, E. T., & Villanueva, R. D. (2002). Chemical and gelling profile of ice-ice infected carrageenan from Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz) Doty "Sacol” strain (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Journal of Applied Phycology, 14(5): 409–418.
Muchlisin, Z. A., Fransiska, V., Muhammadar, A. A., Fauzi, M., & Batubara, A. S. (2017). Length-weight relationships and condition factors of the three dominant species of marine ï¬shes caught by traditional beach trawl in Ulelhee Bay, Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 75(3): 104-112.
Odulate, D. O., Akegbejo-Samsons, Y., & Omoniyi, I. T. (2014). Multivariate analysis of fish species and environmental factors in marine coastal waters of the gulf of Guinea, Southwest Nigeria. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 72(2): 55-62.
Ortega, J. K. E. (2010). Plant Cell Growth in Tissue. Plant Physiol, 154(3): 1244–1253.
Paradas, W. C., Salgado, L. T., Pereira, R. C., Hellio, C., Atella, G. C., Moreira, D. L., do-Carmo, A. P. B., Soares, A. R., & Amadofilho, G. M. (2016). A novel antifouling defence strategy from red seaweed : fatty acid derivatives exocytosis and deposition at the cell wall surface. Plant and Cell Physiology Oxford University Press, 57(5): 1008-1019.
Reddy, C. R. K., Kumar, G. R. K., Siddhanta, A. K., Tewari, A., & Eswaran, K. (2003). In vitro somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of somatic embryo from pigmented callus of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales). Journal of Applied Phycology, 39(3): 610-616.
Reddy, C. R. K., Jha, B., Fujita, Y., & Ohno, M. (2008). Seaweed micropropagation techniques and their potentials: an overview. Journal of Applied Phycology, 20(5): 609–617.
Reis, R. P., Loureiro, R. R., & Mesquita, F. S. (2011). Does salinity affect growth and carrageenan yield of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Gigartinales / Rhodophyta)?. Aquaculture Research, 42(8): 1231-1234.
Steel, R. G. D., & Torrie, J. H. (1991). Statistics Principles and Procedures. Translated by Bambang Sumantri. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta. 748 pp.
Terada, R., Vo, T. D., Nishihara, G. N., Shioya, K., Shimada, S., & Kawaguchi, S. (2015). The effect of irradiance and temperature on the photosynthesis and growth of a cultivated red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Solieriaceae) from Vietnam, based on in situ and in vitro measurements. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(1): 457-467.
Titlyanov, E. A., & Titlyanova, T. V. (2010). Seaweed cultivation: methods and problems. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 36(4): 227-242.
Vairappan, C. S. (2006). Seasonal occurrences of epiphytic algae on the commercially cultivated red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Journal of Applied Phycology, 18(3): 611–617.
Valderrama, D., Cai, J., Hishamunda, N., Ridler, N., Neish, I. C., Hurtado, A. Q., Msuya, F. E., Krishnan, M., Narayanakumar, R., Kronen, M., Robledo, D., Gasca-Leyva, E., & Fraga, J. (2015). The economics of Kappaphycus seaweed cultivation in developing countries: a comparative analysis of farming systems. Aquaculture Economics and Management, 19: 251-277.
Yokoya, N. S., Kakita, H., Obika, H., & Kitamura, T. (1999). Effect of environmental factors and plant growth regulators on growth of the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla from Shikoku Island, Japan. Hydrobiologia, 398/399: 339–347.
Yong, W. T. L., Ting, S. H., Yong, Y. S., Thien, V. Y., Wong, S. H., Chin, W. L., Rodrigues, K. F., & Anton, A. (2014). Optimization of culture conditions for the direct regeneration of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae). Journal of Applied Phycology, 26(3): 1597–1606.
Yong, Y. S., Yong, W. T. L., Thien, V. Y., Ng, S. E., Anton, A., & Yasiir, S. (2014). Acclimatization of micropropagated Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) in outdoor nursery system. Journal of Applied Phycology, 27(1): 413-419.
Yuniarti, L. S., Sri, A., Happy N., & Muhammad, F. (2018). Concentration of liquid pes media on the growth and photosynthetic pigments of seaweeds cotonii propagule (Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty) through tissue culture. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 3(75): 133-144.
Yunque, D. A., Tibubos, K. R., Hurtado, A. Q., & Critchley, A. T. (2011). Optimization of culture conditions for tissue culture production of young plants of carrageenophyte Kappaphycus. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23(3): 433–438.

References

Amin, M., Rumayar, T. P., Femmi, N. F., Kemur, D., & Suwitra, I. K. (2005). Kajian budidaya rumput laut (Eucheuma cotonii) dengan sistem dan musim tanam yang berbeda di Kabupaten Bangkep Sulawesi tengah. Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, 8(2): 282-291.

Araújo, F. O., Ursi, S., & Plastino, E. M. (2014). Intraspecific variation in Gracilaria caudata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): growth, pigment content and photosynthesis. Journal of Applied Phycology, 26(2): 849–858.

Banerjee, G., & Ray, A. K. (2018). The effect of seasonal temperature on endogenous gut enzyme activity in four air-breathing ï¬sh species. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 76(2): 60-65.

Bindu, M. S., & Levine, I. A. (2011). The commercial red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii an overview on farming and environment. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23: 789–796.

Bixler, H. J., & Porse, H. (2011). A decade of change in the seaweed hydrocolloids industry. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23: 321-335.

Castro, J. Z., & Yokoya, N. S. (2018). Growth and biochemical responses of tropical and subtropical strains of Gracilaria domingensis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) to temperature and irradiance variations. Journal of Applied Phycology, 31: 607-613.

Dawes, C. J., LaClaire, J. W., & Moon R. E. (1974). Culture Studies on Eucheuma nudum J. Agarth, carrageenan producing red algae from Florida. Aquaculture, 7: 1- 9.

Dawes, C. J. (1981). Marine Botany. John Wiley and Sons. University of South Florida. New York. 1983 pp.

DekiÄ‡, R., Ivanc, A., MandiÄ‡, M., LoliÄ‡, S., & BakraÄ-BeÄ‡iraj, A. (2013). Utjecaj Promjena Temperature Vode Na Eritrocitni Profil Carassius Gibelio. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 71(1): 32-36.

Doty, M. S. (1973). Farming the red seaweed, Eucheuma, for carrageenans. Micronesica, 9(1): 59–73.

Gonza´lez, A., Castro, J., Vera, J., & Moenne, A. (2013). Seaweed Oligosaccharides Stimulate Plant Growth by Enhancing Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation, Basal Metabolism, and Cell Division. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 32(2): 443–448.

Guan, X., Wang, J., Zhu, J., Yao, C., Liu, J., Qin, S., & Jiang, P. (2013). Photosystem II Photochemistry and Phycobiliprotein of the Red Algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and Their Implications for Light Adaptation. BioMed Research International, 2013(2): 1-9.

Harwinda, F. K., Satyantini, W. H., & Masithah, E. W. (2018). The effects of salinity and temperature shock on Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed spores release. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 137: 1-7.

Hayashi, L., Hurtado, A. Q., Msuya, F. E., Bleicher-Lhonneur, G., & Critchley, A. T. (2010). A review of Kappaphycus farming: prospects and constraints. Cell Origin Life Extrem 15: 251–283.

Hayashi, L., Faria, G. S. M., Nunes, B. G., Zitta, C. S., Scariot, L. A., Rover, T., Felix, M. R. L., & Bouzon, Z. L. (2010). Effects of salinity on the growth rate, carrageenan yield, and cellular structure of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) cultured in vitro. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23: 439–447.

Hurtado, A. Q., Yunque, D. A., Tibubos, K., & Critchley, A. T. (2009). Use of Acadian marine plant extract powder from Ascophyllum nodosum in tissue culture of Kappaphycus varieties. Journal of Applied Phycology, 21(6): 633–639.

Lansida. (2003). Pengenceran Larutan, Ekstraksi Obat dan Ekstrasi Para Analisis. Sekolah tinggi Farmasi Indonesia Perintis. Padang.

Li, Q., Zhang, L., Pang, T., & Liu, J. (2019). Comparative transcriptome profiling of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) in response to two extreme temperature treatments: an RNA-seq-based resource for photosynthesis research. European Journal of Phycology, 54(2): 1-13.

Lobban, C. S., & Harrison, P. J. (1994). Seaweed Ecology and Physiology. Cambridges University Press. 366 pp.

Marroig, R. G., Loureiro, R. R., & Reis, R. P. (2015). The effect of Ascophyllum nodosum (Ochrophyta) extract powder on the epibiosis of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) commercially cultivated on floating rafts. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(4): 1-7.

Mendoza, W. G., Montano, N. E., Ganzon-Fortes, E. T., & Villanueva, R. D. (2002). Chemical and gelling profile of ice-ice infected carrageenan from Kappaphycus striatum (Schmitz) Doty "Sacol” strain (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Journal of Applied Phycology, 14(5): 409–418.

Muchlisin, Z. A., Fransiska, V., Muhammadar, A. A., Fauzi, M., & Batubara, A. S. (2017). Length-weight relationships and condition factors of the three dominant species of marine ï¬shes caught by traditional beach trawl in Ulelhee Bay, Banda Aceh City, Indonesia. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 75(3): 104-112.

Odulate, D. O., Akegbejo-Samsons, Y., & Omoniyi, I. T. (2014). Multivariate analysis of fish species and environmental factors in marine coastal waters of the gulf of Guinea, Southwest Nigeria. Croatian Journal of Fisheries, 72(2): 55-62.

Ortega, J. K. E. (2010). Plant Cell Growth in Tissue. Plant Physiol, 154(3): 1244–1253.

Paradas, W. C., Salgado, L. T., Pereira, R. C., Hellio, C., Atella, G. C., Moreira, D. L., do-Carmo, A. P. B., Soares, A. R., & Amadofilho, G. M. (2016). A novel antifouling defence strategy from red seaweed : fatty acid derivatives exocytosis and deposition at the cell wall surface. Plant and Cell Physiology Oxford University Press, 57(5): 1008-1019.

Reddy, C. R. K., Kumar, G. R. K., Siddhanta, A. K., Tewari, A., & Eswaran, K. (2003). In vitro somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of somatic embryo from pigmented callus of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales). Journal of Applied Phycology, 39(3): 610-616.

Reddy, C. R. K., Jha, B., Fujita, Y., & Ohno, M. (2008). Seaweed micropropagation techniques and their potentials: an overview. Journal of Applied Phycology, 20(5): 609–617.

Reis, R. P., Loureiro, R. R., & Mesquita, F. S. (2011). Does salinity affect growth and carrageenan yield of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Gigartinales / Rhodophyta)?. Aquaculture Research, 42(8): 1231-1234.

Steel, R. G. D., & Torrie, J. H. (1991). Statistics Principles and Procedures. Translated by Bambang Sumantri. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta. 748 pp.

Terada, R., Vo, T. D., Nishihara, G. N., Shioya, K., Shimada, S., & Kawaguchi, S. (2015). The effect of irradiance and temperature on the photosynthesis and growth of a cultivated red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Solieriaceae) from Vietnam, based on in situ and in vitro measurements. Journal of Applied Phycology, 28(1): 457-467.

Titlyanov, E. A., & Titlyanova, T. V. (2010). Seaweed cultivation: methods and problems. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 36(4): 227-242.

Vairappan, C. S. (2006). Seasonal occurrences of epiphytic algae on the commercially cultivated red alga Kappaphycus alvarezii (Solieriaceae, Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Journal of Applied Phycology, 18(3): 611–617.

Valderrama, D., Cai, J., Hishamunda, N., Ridler, N., Neish, I. C., Hurtado, A. Q., Msuya, F. E., Krishnan, M., Narayanakumar, R., Kronen, M., Robledo, D., Gasca-Leyva, E., & Fraga, J. (2015). The economics of Kappaphycus seaweed cultivation in developing countries: a comparative analysis of farming systems. Aquaculture Economics and Management, 19: 251-277.

Yokoya, N. S., Kakita, H., Obika, H., & Kitamura, T. (1999). Effect of environmental factors and plant growth regulators on growth of the red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla from Shikoku Island, Japan. Hydrobiologia, 398/399: 339–347.

Yong, W. T. L., Ting, S. H., Yong, Y. S., Thien, V. Y., Wong, S. H., Chin, W. L., Rodrigues, K. F., & Anton, A. (2014). Optimization of culture conditions for the direct regeneration of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae). Journal of Applied Phycology, 26(3): 1597–1606.

Yong, Y. S., Yong, W. T. L., Thien, V. Y., Ng, S. E., Anton, A., & Yasiir, S. (2014). Acclimatization of micropropagated Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) in outdoor nursery system. Journal of Applied Phycology, 27(1): 413-419.

Yuniarti, L. S., Sri, A., Happy N., & Muhammad, F. (2018). Concentration of liquid pes media on the growth and photosynthetic pigments of seaweeds cotonii propagule (Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty) through tissue culture. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 3(75): 133-144.

Yunque, D. A., Tibubos, K. R., Hurtado, A. Q., & Critchley, A. T. (2011). Optimization of culture conditions for tissue culture production of young plants of carrageenophyte Kappaphycus. Journal of Applied Phycology, 23(3): 433–438.