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The Livelihood Vulnerability of Vannamei Shrimp Culture as the Impact of Climate Change in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia
Corresponding Author(s) : Ervina Wahyu Setyaningrum
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2024): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstract
During Covid-19 outbreak, the production of the Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) actually increased and even increased the value of Indonesia's exports. The existence of shrimp culture is closely related to the nature of the surrounding environment, especially climate change. Climate change has a potential impact on aquaculture production, which affects livelihoods that depend on aquaculture. This study aims to analyze the development of sea surface temperature (SST) and high tides over the last 10 years and to analyze the vulnerability of the vannamei shrimp culture to climate change. This research uses a descriptive method. Data were collected through direct interviews with respondents, while the model was a structured interview. Secondary data were obtained from satellite imagery through geographic information systems, and from literature. Data analysis used spatial analysis with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and vulnerability analysis was carried out to build the Livelihood Vulnerability Index matrix. The results show that climate change affects the development of sea surface temperature (SST) and high tides on the coast of Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. It is proven that during the last 10 years SST and high tide data shows that it fluctuates every year, SST between 27.75-29.6°C, the high tide between 1.47-1.57 m. Changes in SST affects high tide, and both become variability that affects vannamei shrimp culture. The results of the vulnerability analysis show that vannamei shrimp culture livelihoods in Banyuwangi Regency are categorized as vulnerable to climate change, with a value of 3.30 (3.34 vulnerability threshold).
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1. Climate change affecting livelihood vulnerability of vannamei shrimp culture
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- Adam, M. A., Widiastuti, I. M., Ernawati, Yayan, A. Y., Insivitawati, E., Yuliana, Pakaya, R. F., Soegianto, A., & Khumaidi, A. (2022). Analysis of white feces disease (WFD) caused by Vibrio sp. and Dinoflagellata in vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Brackwishwater culture pond. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 14(1):160-166.
- Arsad, S., Afandy, A., Purwadhi, A. P., Maya V. B., Saputra, D. K., & Buwono, N. R. (2017). Study of vaname shrimp culture (Litopenaeus vannamei) in different rearing system. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 9(1): 1-14.
- Ahmed, N., & Diana, J. S. (2015). Threatening "white gold”: Impacts of climate change on shrimp farming in coastal Bangladesh. Ocean and Coastal Management, 114:42-52.
- Ahmed, N., & Thompson, S. (2019). The blue dimensions of aquaculture: A global synthesis. Science of the Total Environment, 652:851-861.
- Ahmed, N., Thompson, S., & Glaser, M. (2019). Global aquaculture productivity, environmental sustainability, and climate change adaptability. Environmental Management, 63(2):159-172.
- Akber, Md. A., Aziz, A. A., & Lovelock, C. (2020). Major drivers of coastal aquaculture expansion in Southeast Asia. Ocean and Coastal Management, 198:105364.
- Alam, G. M., Alam, K., & Mushtaq, S. (2016). Influence of institutional access and social capital on adaptation decision: Empirical evidence from hazard-prone rural households in Bangladesh. Ecological Economics, 130:243-251.
- Blythe, J., Flaherty, M., & Murray, G. (2015). Vulnerability of coastal livelihoods to shrimp farming: Insights from Mozambique. Ambio, 44(4):275-284.
- Campbell, B. M., Thornton, P., Zougmoré, R., van Asten, P., & Lipper, L. (2014). Sustainable intensification: What is its role in climate smart agriculture? Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 8:39-43.
- Can, N. D., Tu, V. H., & Hoanh, C. T. (2013). Application of livelihood vulnerability index to assess risks from flood vulnerability and climate variability–A case study in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 2:476-486.
- Cinco-Castro, S., & Herrera-Silveira, J. (2020). Vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems to climate change effects: The case of the Yucatan Peninsula. Ocean and Coastal Management, 192:105196.
- Cochrane, K., De Young, C., Soto, D., & Bahri, T. (2009). Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture. Overview of current scientific knowledge. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- De Silva, S. S., Nguyen, T. T. T., Turchini, G. M., Amarasinghe, U. S., & Abery, N. W. (2009). Alien species in aquaculture and biodiversity: A paradox in food production. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 38(1):24-28.
- Fabinyi, M., Belton, B., Dressler, W. H., Knudsen, M., Adhuri, D. S., Abdul Aziz, A., Akber, M. A., Kittitornkool, J., Kongkaew, C., Marschke, M., Pido, M., Stacey, N., Steenbergen, D. J., & Vandergeest, P. (2022). Coastal transitions: Small-scale fisheries, livelihoods, and maritime zone developments in Southeast Asia. Journal of Rural Studies, 91:184-194.
- FAO. (2013). Vulnerability assessment methodologies: An annotated bibliography for climate change and the fisheries and aquaculture sector. Rome: FAO.
- Galappaththi, E. K., Ichien, S. T., Hyman, A. A., Aubrac, C. J., & Ford, J. D. (2020). Climate change adaptation in aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(4):2160-2176.
- Godfray, H. C. J., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., uir, J. F., Nisbett, N., Pretty, J., Robinson, S., Toulmin, C., & Whiteley, R. (2010). The future of the global food system. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554):2769–2777.
- Hahn, M. B., Riederer, A. M., & Foster, S. O. (2009). The livelihood vulnerability index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change-A case study in Mozambique. Global Environmental Change, 19(1):74-88.
- Hall, D. (2004). Explaining the diversity of Southeast Asian shrimp aquaculture. Journal of Agrarian Change, 4(3):315-335.
- Handisyde, N., Telfer, T. C., & Ross, L. G. (2017). Vulnerability of aquaculture-related livelihoods to changing climate at the global scale. Fish and Fisheries, 18(3):466-488.
- Islam, M. M., Barman, A., Kundu, G. K., Kabir, M. A., & Paul, B. (2019). Vulnerability of inland and coastal aquaculture to climate change: Evidence from a developing country. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 4(5):183-189.
- Jayasinghe, J. M. P. K., Gamage, D. G. N. D., & Jayasinghe, J. M. H. A. (2019). Combating climate change impacts for shrimp aquaculture through adaptations: Sri Lankan perspective. In A. Sarkar, S. R. Sensarma, and G. W. vanLoon (Ed.), Sustainable solutions for food security: Combating climate change by adaptation. (pp. 287-309). Cham: Springer Cham.
- Kais, S. M., & Islam, M. S. (2018). Impacts of and resilience to climate change at the bottom of the shrimp commodity chain in Bangladesh: A preliminary investigation. Aquaculture, 493:406-415.
- Keshavarz, M., Maleksaeidi, H., & Karami, E. (2017). Livelihood vulnerability to drought: A case of rural Iran. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 21:223-230.
- Kim, B. T., Brown, C. L., & Kim, D. H. (2019). Assessment on the vulnerability of Korean aquaculture to climate change. Marine Policy, 99:111-122.
- Liu, J. M., Borazon, E. Q., & Muñoz, K. E. (2021). Critical problems associated with climate change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Philippine fisheries research. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(36):49425-49433.
- Macusi, E., Macusi, E. S., Jimenez L. A., & Catam-isan, J. P. (2020). Climate change vulnerability and perceived impacts on small-scale fisheries in eastern Mindanao. Ocean & Coastal Management, 189:1-12.
- Macusi, E. D., Camaso, K. L., Barboza, A., & Macusi, E. S. (2021). Perceived vulnerability and climate change impacts on small-scale fisheries in Davao Gulf, Philippines. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8:1-13.
- Macusi, E. D., Estor, D. E. P., Borazon, E. Q., Clapano, M. B., & Santos, M. D. (2022a). Environmental and socioeconomic impacts of shrimp farming in the Philippines: A critical analysis using PRISMA. Sustainability, 14(5):1-19.
- Macusi, E. D., Albarido, N. A., Clapano, M. B., & Santos, M. D. (2022b). Vulnerability assessment of Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farms and vendors in Davao, Philippines using FishVool. Sustainability, 14(8):4541.
- Nicholls, R. J., Wong, P. P., Burket, V., Codignotto, J., Hay, J., McLean, R., Ragoonaden, S., Woodroffe, C. D., Abuodha, P. A. O., Arblaster, J., Brown, B., Forbes, D., Hall, J., Kovats, S., Lowe, J., McInnes, K., Moser, S., Rupp-Armstrong, S., & Saito, Y. (2007). Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden, and C. E. Hanson (Ed.), Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. (pp. 315-356). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Ortega-Cisneros, K., Cochrane, K. L., Rivers, N., & Sauer, W. H. H. (2021). Assessing South Africa's potential to address climate change impacts and adaptation in the fisheries sector. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8(652955):1-20.
- Preston, B. L., Yuen, E. J., & Westaway, R. M. (2011). Putting vulnerability to climate change on the map: A review of approaches, benefits, and risks. Sustainability Science, 6(2):177-202.
- Puspa, A. D., Osawa, T., & Arthana, I. W. (2018). Quantitative assessment of vulnerability in aquaculture: Climate change impacts on whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming in East Java Province. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 162(1):012027.
- Quach, A. Van, Murray, F., & Morrison-Saunders, A. (2017). The vulnerability of shrimp farming income to climate change events: A case study in Ca Mau, Vietnam. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 9(2):261-280.
- Salman, N. A. (2021). Impact of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture activities in Southern Iraq. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 7(3):41-50.
- Setyaningrum, E. W., Maghdalena, Dewi, A. T. K., Yuniartik, M., & Masithah, E. D. (2019). Coastal ecosystem model based on environmental suitability and carrying capacity of the fishpond in Banyuwangi Region, East Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 236(1):1-14.
- Shah, K. U., Dulal, H. B., Johnson, C., & Baptiste, A. (2013). Understanding livelihood vulnerability to climate change: Applying the livelihood vulnerability index in Trinidad and Tobago. Geoforum, 47:125-137.
- Shaw, R., Mallick, F., & Islam, A. (2013). Climate change adaptation actions in Bangladesh. Tokyo: Springer Tokyo.
- Slovin, E. (1960). Slovin's formula for sampling technique. Retrieved from www.sciencing.com on February 13, 2013.
- Sujakhu, N. M., Ranjitkar, S., Niraula, R. R., Salim, M. A., Nizami, A., Schmidt-Vogt, D., & Xu, J. (2018). Determinants of livelihood vulnerability in farming communities in two sites in the Asian Highlands. Water International, 43(2):165-182.
- Wongbusarakum, S., & Loper, C. (2011). Indicators to assess community " level social vulnerability to climate change: An addendum to SocMon and SEM-Pasifika regional socioeconomic monitoring guidelines. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program.
- Yuniartik, M., Setyaningrum, E. W., Yuniari, S. H., Faturakhmat, S. R., & Prasetio, H. (2022). Climate change impact on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming in Banyuwangi, East Java. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1036(012062):1-5.
- Zhao, Y. (2013). Social networks and reduction of risk in disasters: An example of the Wenchuan earthquake. In W. J. J. Yeung and M. T. Yap (Ed.), Economic stress, human capital, and families in Asia. (pp. 171-182). Dordrecht: Springer Dordrecht.
References
Adam, M. A., Widiastuti, I. M., Ernawati, Yayan, A. Y., Insivitawati, E., Yuliana, Pakaya, R. F., Soegianto, A., & Khumaidi, A. (2022). Analysis of white feces disease (WFD) caused by Vibrio sp. and Dinoflagellata in vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Brackwishwater culture pond. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 14(1):160-166.
Arsad, S., Afandy, A., Purwadhi, A. P., Maya V. B., Saputra, D. K., & Buwono, N. R. (2017). Study of vaname shrimp culture (Litopenaeus vannamei) in different rearing system. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 9(1): 1-14.
Ahmed, N., & Diana, J. S. (2015). Threatening "white gold”: Impacts of climate change on shrimp farming in coastal Bangladesh. Ocean and Coastal Management, 114:42-52.
Ahmed, N., & Thompson, S. (2019). The blue dimensions of aquaculture: A global synthesis. Science of the Total Environment, 652:851-861.
Ahmed, N., Thompson, S., & Glaser, M. (2019). Global aquaculture productivity, environmental sustainability, and climate change adaptability. Environmental Management, 63(2):159-172.
Akber, Md. A., Aziz, A. A., & Lovelock, C. (2020). Major drivers of coastal aquaculture expansion in Southeast Asia. Ocean and Coastal Management, 198:105364.
Alam, G. M., Alam, K., & Mushtaq, S. (2016). Influence of institutional access and social capital on adaptation decision: Empirical evidence from hazard-prone rural households in Bangladesh. Ecological Economics, 130:243-251.
Blythe, J., Flaherty, M., & Murray, G. (2015). Vulnerability of coastal livelihoods to shrimp farming: Insights from Mozambique. Ambio, 44(4):275-284.
Campbell, B. M., Thornton, P., Zougmoré, R., van Asten, P., & Lipper, L. (2014). Sustainable intensification: What is its role in climate smart agriculture? Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 8:39-43.
Can, N. D., Tu, V. H., & Hoanh, C. T. (2013). Application of livelihood vulnerability index to assess risks from flood vulnerability and climate variability–A case study in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 2:476-486.
Cinco-Castro, S., & Herrera-Silveira, J. (2020). Vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems to climate change effects: The case of the Yucatan Peninsula. Ocean and Coastal Management, 192:105196.
Cochrane, K., De Young, C., Soto, D., & Bahri, T. (2009). Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture. Overview of current scientific knowledge. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
De Silva, S. S., Nguyen, T. T. T., Turchini, G. M., Amarasinghe, U. S., & Abery, N. W. (2009). Alien species in aquaculture and biodiversity: A paradox in food production. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 38(1):24-28.
Fabinyi, M., Belton, B., Dressler, W. H., Knudsen, M., Adhuri, D. S., Abdul Aziz, A., Akber, M. A., Kittitornkool, J., Kongkaew, C., Marschke, M., Pido, M., Stacey, N., Steenbergen, D. J., & Vandergeest, P. (2022). Coastal transitions: Small-scale fisheries, livelihoods, and maritime zone developments in Southeast Asia. Journal of Rural Studies, 91:184-194.
FAO. (2013). Vulnerability assessment methodologies: An annotated bibliography for climate change and the fisheries and aquaculture sector. Rome: FAO.
Galappaththi, E. K., Ichien, S. T., Hyman, A. A., Aubrac, C. J., & Ford, J. D. (2020). Climate change adaptation in aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 12(4):2160-2176.
Godfray, H. C. J., Crute, I. R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., uir, J. F., Nisbett, N., Pretty, J., Robinson, S., Toulmin, C., & Whiteley, R. (2010). The future of the global food system. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1554):2769–2777.
Hahn, M. B., Riederer, A. M., & Foster, S. O. (2009). The livelihood vulnerability index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change-A case study in Mozambique. Global Environmental Change, 19(1):74-88.
Hall, D. (2004). Explaining the diversity of Southeast Asian shrimp aquaculture. Journal of Agrarian Change, 4(3):315-335.
Handisyde, N., Telfer, T. C., & Ross, L. G. (2017). Vulnerability of aquaculture-related livelihoods to changing climate at the global scale. Fish and Fisheries, 18(3):466-488.
Islam, M. M., Barman, A., Kundu, G. K., Kabir, M. A., & Paul, B. (2019). Vulnerability of inland and coastal aquaculture to climate change: Evidence from a developing country. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 4(5):183-189.
Jayasinghe, J. M. P. K., Gamage, D. G. N. D., & Jayasinghe, J. M. H. A. (2019). Combating climate change impacts for shrimp aquaculture through adaptations: Sri Lankan perspective. In A. Sarkar, S. R. Sensarma, and G. W. vanLoon (Ed.), Sustainable solutions for food security: Combating climate change by adaptation. (pp. 287-309). Cham: Springer Cham.
Kais, S. M., & Islam, M. S. (2018). Impacts of and resilience to climate change at the bottom of the shrimp commodity chain in Bangladesh: A preliminary investigation. Aquaculture, 493:406-415.
Keshavarz, M., Maleksaeidi, H., & Karami, E. (2017). Livelihood vulnerability to drought: A case of rural Iran. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 21:223-230.
Kim, B. T., Brown, C. L., & Kim, D. H. (2019). Assessment on the vulnerability of Korean aquaculture to climate change. Marine Policy, 99:111-122.
Liu, J. M., Borazon, E. Q., & Muñoz, K. E. (2021). Critical problems associated with climate change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Philippine fisheries research. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(36):49425-49433.
Macusi, E., Macusi, E. S., Jimenez L. A., & Catam-isan, J. P. (2020). Climate change vulnerability and perceived impacts on small-scale fisheries in eastern Mindanao. Ocean & Coastal Management, 189:1-12.
Macusi, E. D., Camaso, K. L., Barboza, A., & Macusi, E. S. (2021). Perceived vulnerability and climate change impacts on small-scale fisheries in Davao Gulf, Philippines. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8:1-13.
Macusi, E. D., Estor, D. E. P., Borazon, E. Q., Clapano, M. B., & Santos, M. D. (2022a). Environmental and socioeconomic impacts of shrimp farming in the Philippines: A critical analysis using PRISMA. Sustainability, 14(5):1-19.
Macusi, E. D., Albarido, N. A., Clapano, M. B., & Santos, M. D. (2022b). Vulnerability assessment of Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farms and vendors in Davao, Philippines using FishVool. Sustainability, 14(8):4541.
Nicholls, R. J., Wong, P. P., Burket, V., Codignotto, J., Hay, J., McLean, R., Ragoonaden, S., Woodroffe, C. D., Abuodha, P. A. O., Arblaster, J., Brown, B., Forbes, D., Hall, J., Kovats, S., Lowe, J., McInnes, K., Moser, S., Rupp-Armstrong, S., & Saito, Y. (2007). Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In M. L. Parry, O. F. Canziani, J. P. Palutikof, P. J. van der Linden, and C. E. Hanson (Ed.), Climate change 2007: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. (pp. 315-356). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ortega-Cisneros, K., Cochrane, K. L., Rivers, N., & Sauer, W. H. H. (2021). Assessing South Africa's potential to address climate change impacts and adaptation in the fisheries sector. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8(652955):1-20.
Preston, B. L., Yuen, E. J., & Westaway, R. M. (2011). Putting vulnerability to climate change on the map: A review of approaches, benefits, and risks. Sustainability Science, 6(2):177-202.
Puspa, A. D., Osawa, T., & Arthana, I. W. (2018). Quantitative assessment of vulnerability in aquaculture: Climate change impacts on whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming in East Java Province. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 162(1):012027.
Quach, A. Van, Murray, F., & Morrison-Saunders, A. (2017). The vulnerability of shrimp farming income to climate change events: A case study in Ca Mau, Vietnam. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 9(2):261-280.
Salman, N. A. (2021). Impact of climate change on fisheries and aquaculture activities in Southern Iraq. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 7(3):41-50.
Setyaningrum, E. W., Maghdalena, Dewi, A. T. K., Yuniartik, M., & Masithah, E. D. (2019). Coastal ecosystem model based on environmental suitability and carrying capacity of the fishpond in Banyuwangi Region, East Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 236(1):1-14.
Shah, K. U., Dulal, H. B., Johnson, C., & Baptiste, A. (2013). Understanding livelihood vulnerability to climate change: Applying the livelihood vulnerability index in Trinidad and Tobago. Geoforum, 47:125-137.
Shaw, R., Mallick, F., & Islam, A. (2013). Climate change adaptation actions in Bangladesh. Tokyo: Springer Tokyo.
Slovin, E. (1960). Slovin's formula for sampling technique. Retrieved from www.sciencing.com on February 13, 2013.
Sujakhu, N. M., Ranjitkar, S., Niraula, R. R., Salim, M. A., Nizami, A., Schmidt-Vogt, D., & Xu, J. (2018). Determinants of livelihood vulnerability in farming communities in two sites in the Asian Highlands. Water International, 43(2):165-182.
Wongbusarakum, S., & Loper, C. (2011). Indicators to assess community " level social vulnerability to climate change: An addendum to SocMon and SEM-Pasifika regional socioeconomic monitoring guidelines. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program.
Yuniartik, M., Setyaningrum, E. W., Yuniari, S. H., Faturakhmat, S. R., & Prasetio, H. (2022). Climate change impact on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming in Banyuwangi, East Java. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1036(012062):1-5.
Zhao, Y. (2013). Social networks and reduction of risk in disasters: An example of the Wenchuan earthquake. In W. J. J. Yeung and M. T. Yap (Ed.), Economic stress, human capital, and families in Asia. (pp. 171-182). Dordrecht: Springer Dordrecht.