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Sustainability of Small-Scale Capture Fisheries Based on Coastal Vulnerability in Pangpang Bay, Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia
Corresponding Author(s) : Ervina Wahyu Setyaningrum
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 2024: IN PRESS ISSUE (JUST ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT, 2024)
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Highlight Research
- Climate change impacts on coastal vulnerability.
- Low coastal vulnerability in Pangpang Bay, Banyuwangi Regency.
- Sustainability of small-scale capture fisheries based on vulnerability.
- Sustainable small-scale fisheries management.
Abstract
Teluk Pangpang is one of the water areas that has considerable capture fisheries potential in Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia. On the other hand, climate change impacts the vulnerability of coastal areas and coastal communities, especially small-scale fishers. This study aims to analyse the coastal vulnerability of Pangpang Bay and formulate a sustainable development of small-scale capture fisheries in Pangpang Bay. The research method used a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques used geographic information systems and focus group discussions (FGDs). The data analysis used was Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) analysis with spatial approach and Participatory Prospective Analysis (PPA). From the CVI analysis, through the assessment of geomorphological parameters, erosion/accretion, coastal slope, distance of plants from the beach, wave height, and average tide range, the level of coastal vulnerability of Teluk Pangpang is included in the low category. Meanwhile, the PPA analysis resulted in seven variables that most influence the sustainability of small-scale capture fisheries, namely climate change, coastal vulnerability, coral reef area and density, number of small-scale fishers, catches, human resources of small-scale fishers, and management of small-scale fisheries resources. Furthermore, for the formulation of the sustainability scenario of small-scale capture fisheries in Pangpang Bay, is to minimise the impact of climate change and conduct disaster mitigation, improve the human resources of small-scale fishers, and equalise perceptions as outlined in the commitment between all interested parties and small-scale fishing communities.
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- Alonso, C. P., Fernández, J. B. G., Calvento, L. H., Cordero, A. I. H., & Ariza, E. (2018). Assessing the geomorphological vulnerability of arid beach-dune systems. Science of the Total Environment, 635(4):512-525.
- Bevacqua, A., Yu, D., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Coastal vulnerability: Evolving concepts in understanding vulnerable people and places. Environmental Science and Policy, 82(4):19-29.
- Bourgeois, R., & Jésus, F. (2004). Participatory prospective analysis: Exploring and anticipating challenges with stakeholders. French: CIRAD (French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development).
- Buitrago, N. R., Neal, W. J., & de Jonge, V. N. (2020). Risk assessment as tool for coastal erosion management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 186(4):1-15.
- Bukvic, A., Rohat, G., Apotsos, A., & de Sherbinin, A. (2020). A systematic review of coastal vulnerability mapping. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7):1-26.
- Camp, E. V., Kaemingk, M. A., Ahrens, R. N. M., Potts, W. M., Pine, W. E., Weyl, O. L. F., & Pope, K. L. (2020). Resilience management for conservation of inland recreational fisheries. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7(1):1-17.
- Carroll, G., Eurich, J. G., Sherman, K. D., Glazer, R., Braynen, M. T., Callwood, K. A., Castañeda, A., Dahlgren, C., Karr, K. A., Kleisner, K. M., Burns-Perez, V., Poon, S. E., Requena, N., Sho, V., Tate, S. N., & Haukebo, S. (2023). A participatory climate vulnerability assessment for recreational tidal flats fisheries in Belize and the Bahamas. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10(5):1-17.
- Castro, S. C., & Silveira, J. H. (2020). Vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems to climate change effects: The case of the Yucatan Peninsula. Ocean and Coastal Management, 192(4):1-12.
- Cinner, J. E., & Barnes, M. L. (2019). Social dimensions of resilience in social-ecological systems. One Earth, 1(1):51-56.
- Colburn, L. L., Jepson, M., Weng, C., Seara, T., Weiss, J., & Hare, J. A. (2016). Indicators of climate change and social vulnerability in fishing dependent communities along the Eastern and Gulf Coasts of the United States. Marine Policy, 74(5):323-333.
- Damasio, L. M. A., Pennino, M. G., Villasante, S., Carvalho, A. R., & Lopes, P. F. M. (2023). Adaptive factors and strategies in small-scale fisheries economies. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 33(3):739-750.
- Edmonds, H. K., Lovell, J. E., & Lovell, C. A. K. (2020). A new composite climate change vulnerability index. Ecological Indicators, 117(5):1-8.
- Eurich, J. G., Friedman, W. R., Kleisner, K. M., Zhao, L. Z., Free, C. M., Fletcher, M., Mason, J. G., Tokunaga, K., Aguion, A., Dell’Apa, A., Dickey-Collas, M., Fujita, R., Golden, C. D., Hollowed, A. B., Ishimura, G., Karr, K. A., Kasperski, S., Kisara, Y., Lau, J. D., Mangubhai, S., Osman, L., Pecl, G. T., Schmidt, J. O., Allison, E. H., Sullivan, P. J., Cinner, J. E., Griffis, R. B., McClanahan, T. R., Stedman, R. C., & Mills, K. E. (2024). Diverse pathways for climate resilience in marine fishery systems. Fish and Fisheries, 25(1):38-59.
- Ferreira, J. C., Cardona, F. S., Santos, C. J., & Tenedório, J. A. (2021). Hazards, vulnerability, and risk analysis on wave overtopping and coastal flooding in low-lying coastal areas: The case of costa da caparica, Portugal. Water (Switzerland), 13(2):1-37.
- Free, C. M., Mangin, T., Molinos, J. G., Ojea, E., Burden, M., Costello, C., & Gaines, S. D. (2020). Realistic fisheries management reforms could mitigate the impacts of climate change in most countries. Plos One, 15(3):1-21.
- Free, C. M., Thorson, J. T., Pinsky, M. L., Oken, K. L., Wiedenmann, J., Jensen, O. P., & Climate. (2019). Comment on “Impacts of historical warming on marine fisheries production.” Science, 365(3):979-983.
- Furlan, E., Pozza, P. D., Michetti, M., Torresan, S., Critto, A., & Marcomini, A. (2021). Development of a multi-dimensional coastal vulnerability index: Assessing vulnerability to inundation scenarios in the Italian coast. Science of the Total Environment, 772(23):1-19.
- González-Baheza, A., & Arizpe, O. (2018). Vulnerability assessment for supporting sustainable coastal city development: A case study of La Paz, Mexico. Climate and Development, 10(6):552-565.
- Guilyardi, E., Lescarmontier, L., Matthews, R., Point, S. P., Rumjaun, A. B., Schlüpmann, J., & Wilgenbus, D. (2018). IPCC special report global warming of 1.5°C, Summary for teachers coordinator. French: Office For Climate Education.
- Hammar-Klose, E. S., Pendleton, E. A., Thieler, E. R., Williams, S. J., & Norton, G. A. (2003). Coastal vulnerability assessment of cape cod national seashore (CACO) to sea-level rise. US: USGS.
- Hanich, Q., Wabnitz, C. C. C., Ota, Y., Amos, M., Donato-Hunt, C., & Hunt, A. (2018). Small-scale fisheries under climate change in the Pacific Islands region. Marine Policy, 88(11):279-284.
- Hoque, M. A. A., Ahmed, N., Pradhan, B., & Roy, S. (2019). Assessment of coastal vulnerability to multi-hazardous events using geospatial techniques along the eastern coast of Bangladesh. Ocean and Coastal Management, 181(2):1-17.
- Irham, M., Rusydi, I., Haridhi, H. A., Setiawan, I., Ilhamsyah, Y., Deli, A., Rusdi, M., & Siregar, A. M. (2021). Coastal vulnerability of the west coast of aceh besar: A coastal morphology assessment. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(8):1-15.
- Kantamaneni, K., Gallagher, A., & Du, X. (2019). Assessing and mapping regional coastal vulnerability for port environments and coastal cities. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 23(1):59-70.
- Koroglu, A., Ranasinghe, R., Jiménez, J. A., & Dastgheib, A. (2019). Comparison of coastal vulnerability Index applications for Barcelona Province. Ocean and Coastal Management, 178(4):1-13.
- Kumar, T. S., Mahendra, R. S., Nayak, S., Radhakrishnan, K., & Sahu, K. C. (2010). Coastal vulnerability assessment for Orissa State, East Coast of India. Journal of Coastal Research, 26(3):523-534.
- Mahapatra, M., Ramakrishnan, R., & Rajawat, A. S. (2015). Coastal vulnerability assessment using analytical hierarchical process for South Gujarat coast, India. Natural Hazards, 76(1):789-801.
- Martínez, C., Cienfuegos, R., Inzunza, S., Urrutia, A., & Guerrero, N. (2020). Worst-case tsunami scenario in Cartagena Bay, central Chile: Challenges for coastal risk management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 185(5):1-17.
- Mason, J. G., Eurich, J. G., Lau, J. D., Battista, W., Free, C. M., Mills, K. E., Tokunaga, K., Zhao, L. Z., Dickey-Collas, M., Valle, M., Pecl, G. T., Cinner, J. E., McClanahan, T. R., Allison, E. H., Friedman, W. R., Silva, C., Yáñez, E., Barbieri, M., & Kleisner, K. M. (2022). Attributes of climate resilience in fisheries: From theory to practice. Fish and Fisheries, 23(3):522-544.
- Mcleod, E., Anthony, K. R. N., Mumby, P. J., Maynard, J., Beeden, R., Graham, N. A. J., Heron, S. F., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jupiter, S., MacGowan, P., Mangubhai, S., Marshall, N., Marshall, P. A., McClanahan, T. R., Mcleod, K., Nyström, M., Obura, D., Parker, B., Possingham, H. P. Salm, R. V., & Tamelander, J. (2019). The future of resilience-based management in coral reef ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management, 233(24):291-301.
- Mohd, F. A., Abdul Maulud, K. N., Karim, O. A., Begum, R. A., Awang, N. A., Ahmad, A., Wan Mohamed Azhary, W. A. H., Kamarudin, M. K. A., Jaafar, M., & Wan Mohtar, W. H. M. (2019). Comprehensive coastal vulnerability assessment and adaptation for Cherating-Pekan coast, Pahang, Malaysia. Ocean and Coastal Management, 182(9):1-16.
- Morris, R. L., Konlechner, T. M., Ghisalberti, M., & Swearer, S. E. (2018). From grey to green: Efficacy of eco-engineering solutions for nature-based coastal defence. Global Change Biology, 24(5):1827-1842.
- Parthasarathy, K. S. S., Saravanan, S., Deka, P. C., & Devanantham, A. (2022). Assessment of potentially vulnerable zones using geospatial approach along the coast of Cuddalore District, East coast of India. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 28(5):422-432.
- Pethick, J. S., & Crooks, S. (2000). Development of a coastal vulnerability index: A geomorphological perspective. Environmental Conservation, 27(4):359-367.
- Rachmadianti, A. D., Purwanti, F., & Latifah, N. (2018). Coastal Vulnerability analysis using the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) in the Tanjung Pandan Coastal Area, Belitung Regency. Journal of Maquares, 7(4):298-306.
- Ružić, I., Jovančević, S. D., Benac, Č., & Krvavica, N. (2019). Assessment of the coastal vulnerability index in an area of complex geological conditions on the Krk island, Northeast Adriatic Sea. Geosciences (Switzerland), 9(5):1-17.
- Sánchez-Núñez, D. A., Bernal, G., & Mancera Pineda, J. E. (2019). The relative role of mangroves on wave erosion mitigation and sediment properties. Estuaries and Coasts, 42(8):2124-2138.
- Serafim, M. B., & Bonetti, J. (2017). Vulnerability of Santa Catarina Beaches to coastal erosion and flooding: A methodological approach based on a multicriterial index | Vulnerabilidade das Praias do estado de santa catarina a eventos de erosão e inundação costeira: Proposta metodológica bas. Quaternary and Environmental Geosciences, 8(2):36-54.
- Serafim, M. B., Siegle, E., Corsi, A. C., & Bonetti, J. (2019). Coastal vulnerability to wave impacts using a multi-criteria index: Santa Catarina (Brazil). Journal of Environmental Management, 230(8):21-32.
- Setyaningrum, E. W., Harahab, N., Wiadnya, D. G. R., & Sambah, A. B. (2024). Analysis of the vulnerability of small-scale capture fisheries in Pangpang Bay, Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1328(1):1-12.
- Shaffril, H. A. M., Samah, A. A., & D’Silva, J. L. (2017). Adapting towards climate change impacts: Strategies for small-scale fishermen in Malaysia. Marine Policy Journal, 81(3):196-201.
- Smith, H., & Basurto, X. (2019). Defining small-scale fisheries and examining the role of science in shaping perceptions of who and what counts: A systematic review. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(1):1-19.
- Wang, G., Liu, Y., Wang, H., & Wang, X. (2014). A comprehensive risk analysis of coastal zones in China. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 140(1):22-31.
- Zhang, Y., Ouyang, Z., Xu, C., Wu, T., & Lu, F. (2024). A multi-hazard framework for coastal vulnerability assessment and climate-change adaptation planning. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 21(12):1-8.
References
Alonso, C. P., Fernández, J. B. G., Calvento, L. H., Cordero, A. I. H., & Ariza, E. (2018). Assessing the geomorphological vulnerability of arid beach-dune systems. Science of the Total Environment, 635(4):512-525.
Bevacqua, A., Yu, D., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Coastal vulnerability: Evolving concepts in understanding vulnerable people and places. Environmental Science and Policy, 82(4):19-29.
Bourgeois, R., & Jésus, F. (2004). Participatory prospective analysis: Exploring and anticipating challenges with stakeholders. French: CIRAD (French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development).
Buitrago, N. R., Neal, W. J., & de Jonge, V. N. (2020). Risk assessment as tool for coastal erosion management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 186(4):1-15.
Bukvic, A., Rohat, G., Apotsos, A., & de Sherbinin, A. (2020). A systematic review of coastal vulnerability mapping. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7):1-26.
Camp, E. V., Kaemingk, M. A., Ahrens, R. N. M., Potts, W. M., Pine, W. E., Weyl, O. L. F., & Pope, K. L. (2020). Resilience management for conservation of inland recreational fisheries. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 7(1):1-17.
Carroll, G., Eurich, J. G., Sherman, K. D., Glazer, R., Braynen, M. T., Callwood, K. A., Castañeda, A., Dahlgren, C., Karr, K. A., Kleisner, K. M., Burns-Perez, V., Poon, S. E., Requena, N., Sho, V., Tate, S. N., & Haukebo, S. (2023). A participatory climate vulnerability assessment for recreational tidal flats fisheries in Belize and the Bahamas. Frontiers in Marine Science, 10(5):1-17.
Castro, S. C., & Silveira, J. H. (2020). Vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems to climate change effects: The case of the Yucatan Peninsula. Ocean and Coastal Management, 192(4):1-12.
Cinner, J. E., & Barnes, M. L. (2019). Social dimensions of resilience in social-ecological systems. One Earth, 1(1):51-56.
Colburn, L. L., Jepson, M., Weng, C., Seara, T., Weiss, J., & Hare, J. A. (2016). Indicators of climate change and social vulnerability in fishing dependent communities along the Eastern and Gulf Coasts of the United States. Marine Policy, 74(5):323-333.
Damasio, L. M. A., Pennino, M. G., Villasante, S., Carvalho, A. R., & Lopes, P. F. M. (2023). Adaptive factors and strategies in small-scale fisheries economies. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 33(3):739-750.
Edmonds, H. K., Lovell, J. E., & Lovell, C. A. K. (2020). A new composite climate change vulnerability index. Ecological Indicators, 117(5):1-8.
Eurich, J. G., Friedman, W. R., Kleisner, K. M., Zhao, L. Z., Free, C. M., Fletcher, M., Mason, J. G., Tokunaga, K., Aguion, A., Dell’Apa, A., Dickey-Collas, M., Fujita, R., Golden, C. D., Hollowed, A. B., Ishimura, G., Karr, K. A., Kasperski, S., Kisara, Y., Lau, J. D., Mangubhai, S., Osman, L., Pecl, G. T., Schmidt, J. O., Allison, E. H., Sullivan, P. J., Cinner, J. E., Griffis, R. B., McClanahan, T. R., Stedman, R. C., & Mills, K. E. (2024). Diverse pathways for climate resilience in marine fishery systems. Fish and Fisheries, 25(1):38-59.
Ferreira, J. C., Cardona, F. S., Santos, C. J., & Tenedório, J. A. (2021). Hazards, vulnerability, and risk analysis on wave overtopping and coastal flooding in low-lying coastal areas: The case of costa da caparica, Portugal. Water (Switzerland), 13(2):1-37.
Free, C. M., Mangin, T., Molinos, J. G., Ojea, E., Burden, M., Costello, C., & Gaines, S. D. (2020). Realistic fisheries management reforms could mitigate the impacts of climate change in most countries. Plos One, 15(3):1-21.
Free, C. M., Thorson, J. T., Pinsky, M. L., Oken, K. L., Wiedenmann, J., Jensen, O. P., & Climate. (2019). Comment on “Impacts of historical warming on marine fisheries production.” Science, 365(3):979-983.
Furlan, E., Pozza, P. D., Michetti, M., Torresan, S., Critto, A., & Marcomini, A. (2021). Development of a multi-dimensional coastal vulnerability index: Assessing vulnerability to inundation scenarios in the Italian coast. Science of the Total Environment, 772(23):1-19.
González-Baheza, A., & Arizpe, O. (2018). Vulnerability assessment for supporting sustainable coastal city development: A case study of La Paz, Mexico. Climate and Development, 10(6):552-565.
Guilyardi, E., Lescarmontier, L., Matthews, R., Point, S. P., Rumjaun, A. B., Schlüpmann, J., & Wilgenbus, D. (2018). IPCC special report global warming of 1.5°C, Summary for teachers coordinator. French: Office For Climate Education.
Hammar-Klose, E. S., Pendleton, E. A., Thieler, E. R., Williams, S. J., & Norton, G. A. (2003). Coastal vulnerability assessment of cape cod national seashore (CACO) to sea-level rise. US: USGS.
Hanich, Q., Wabnitz, C. C. C., Ota, Y., Amos, M., Donato-Hunt, C., & Hunt, A. (2018). Small-scale fisheries under climate change in the Pacific Islands region. Marine Policy, 88(11):279-284.
Hoque, M. A. A., Ahmed, N., Pradhan, B., & Roy, S. (2019). Assessment of coastal vulnerability to multi-hazardous events using geospatial techniques along the eastern coast of Bangladesh. Ocean and Coastal Management, 181(2):1-17.
Irham, M., Rusydi, I., Haridhi, H. A., Setiawan, I., Ilhamsyah, Y., Deli, A., Rusdi, M., & Siregar, A. M. (2021). Coastal vulnerability of the west coast of aceh besar: A coastal morphology assessment. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 9(8):1-15.
Kantamaneni, K., Gallagher, A., & Du, X. (2019). Assessing and mapping regional coastal vulnerability for port environments and coastal cities. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 23(1):59-70.
Koroglu, A., Ranasinghe, R., Jiménez, J. A., & Dastgheib, A. (2019). Comparison of coastal vulnerability Index applications for Barcelona Province. Ocean and Coastal Management, 178(4):1-13.
Kumar, T. S., Mahendra, R. S., Nayak, S., Radhakrishnan, K., & Sahu, K. C. (2010). Coastal vulnerability assessment for Orissa State, East Coast of India. Journal of Coastal Research, 26(3):523-534.
Mahapatra, M., Ramakrishnan, R., & Rajawat, A. S. (2015). Coastal vulnerability assessment using analytical hierarchical process for South Gujarat coast, India. Natural Hazards, 76(1):789-801.
Martínez, C., Cienfuegos, R., Inzunza, S., Urrutia, A., & Guerrero, N. (2020). Worst-case tsunami scenario in Cartagena Bay, central Chile: Challenges for coastal risk management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 185(5):1-17.
Mason, J. G., Eurich, J. G., Lau, J. D., Battista, W., Free, C. M., Mills, K. E., Tokunaga, K., Zhao, L. Z., Dickey-Collas, M., Valle, M., Pecl, G. T., Cinner, J. E., McClanahan, T. R., Allison, E. H., Friedman, W. R., Silva, C., Yáñez, E., Barbieri, M., & Kleisner, K. M. (2022). Attributes of climate resilience in fisheries: From theory to practice. Fish and Fisheries, 23(3):522-544.
Mcleod, E., Anthony, K. R. N., Mumby, P. J., Maynard, J., Beeden, R., Graham, N. A. J., Heron, S. F., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Jupiter, S., MacGowan, P., Mangubhai, S., Marshall, N., Marshall, P. A., McClanahan, T. R., Mcleod, K., Nyström, M., Obura, D., Parker, B., Possingham, H. P. Salm, R. V., & Tamelander, J. (2019). The future of resilience-based management in coral reef ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management, 233(24):291-301.
Mohd, F. A., Abdul Maulud, K. N., Karim, O. A., Begum, R. A., Awang, N. A., Ahmad, A., Wan Mohamed Azhary, W. A. H., Kamarudin, M. K. A., Jaafar, M., & Wan Mohtar, W. H. M. (2019). Comprehensive coastal vulnerability assessment and adaptation for Cherating-Pekan coast, Pahang, Malaysia. Ocean and Coastal Management, 182(9):1-16.
Morris, R. L., Konlechner, T. M., Ghisalberti, M., & Swearer, S. E. (2018). From grey to green: Efficacy of eco-engineering solutions for nature-based coastal defence. Global Change Biology, 24(5):1827-1842.
Parthasarathy, K. S. S., Saravanan, S., Deka, P. C., & Devanantham, A. (2022). Assessment of potentially vulnerable zones using geospatial approach along the coast of Cuddalore District, East coast of India. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 28(5):422-432.
Pethick, J. S., & Crooks, S. (2000). Development of a coastal vulnerability index: A geomorphological perspective. Environmental Conservation, 27(4):359-367.
Rachmadianti, A. D., Purwanti, F., & Latifah, N. (2018). Coastal Vulnerability analysis using the coastal vulnerability index (CVI) in the Tanjung Pandan Coastal Area, Belitung Regency. Journal of Maquares, 7(4):298-306.
Ružić, I., Jovančević, S. D., Benac, Č., & Krvavica, N. (2019). Assessment of the coastal vulnerability index in an area of complex geological conditions on the Krk island, Northeast Adriatic Sea. Geosciences (Switzerland), 9(5):1-17.
Sánchez-Núñez, D. A., Bernal, G., & Mancera Pineda, J. E. (2019). The relative role of mangroves on wave erosion mitigation and sediment properties. Estuaries and Coasts, 42(8):2124-2138.
Serafim, M. B., & Bonetti, J. (2017). Vulnerability of Santa Catarina Beaches to coastal erosion and flooding: A methodological approach based on a multicriterial index | Vulnerabilidade das Praias do estado de santa catarina a eventos de erosão e inundação costeira: Proposta metodológica bas. Quaternary and Environmental Geosciences, 8(2):36-54.
Serafim, M. B., Siegle, E., Corsi, A. C., & Bonetti, J. (2019). Coastal vulnerability to wave impacts using a multi-criteria index: Santa Catarina (Brazil). Journal of Environmental Management, 230(8):21-32.
Setyaningrum, E. W., Harahab, N., Wiadnya, D. G. R., & Sambah, A. B. (2024). Analysis of the vulnerability of small-scale capture fisheries in Pangpang Bay, Banyuwangi Regency, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1328(1):1-12.
Shaffril, H. A. M., Samah, A. A., & D’Silva, J. L. (2017). Adapting towards climate change impacts: Strategies for small-scale fishermen in Malaysia. Marine Policy Journal, 81(3):196-201.
Smith, H., & Basurto, X. (2019). Defining small-scale fisheries and examining the role of science in shaping perceptions of who and what counts: A systematic review. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6(1):1-19.
Wang, G., Liu, Y., Wang, H., & Wang, X. (2014). A comprehensive risk analysis of coastal zones in China. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 140(1):22-31.
Zhang, Y., Ouyang, Z., Xu, C., Wu, T., & Lu, F. (2024). A multi-hazard framework for coastal vulnerability assessment and climate-change adaptation planning. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 21(12):1-8.