Formulasi Minuman Sinbiotik Sari Buah Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Instan dengan Penambahan Enkapsulator dan Prebiotik
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Latar Belakang: Buah kersen mengandung serat pangan dan antioksidan, namun belum banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai pangan fungsional. Sari buah berpotensi sebagai bahan dasar minuman sinbiotik. Prebiotik dapat membantu ketahanan bakteri. Maltodekstrin atau gum arab membantu menguragi kelengketan dan menjaga kandungan buah kersen saat proses pengeringan dengan spray dryer.
Tujuan: Menganalisis karakteristik fisik, kimia, total bakteri asam laktat (BAL) pada formula minuman sinbiotik sari buah kersen instan dengan penambahan enkapsulator dan prebiotik, serta menentukan formula terbaik.
Metode Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial, dengan variabel bebas jenis enkapsulator (maltodekstrin, gum arab) dan jenis prebiotik (FOS, inulin). Terdapat empat formula dengan kombinasi masing-masing jenis enkapsulator dan prebiotik. Analisis karakteristik fisik mencakup Aw, pH, sifat rehidrasi (wettability, dispersibility, solubility); karakteristik kimia mencakup proksimat, total gula, serat pangan total, aktivitas antioksidan; serta total BAL. Uji beda antar formula menggunakan ANOVA two-way dan uji lanjut Duncan.
Hasil: Sari buah kersen dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar minuman sinbiotik instan. Formula dengan enkapsulator gum arab memiliki kadar abu dan serat pangan total signifikan lebih tinggi, serta kadar karbohidrat dan dispersibility signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan formula dengan enkapsulator maltodekstrin (p value <0,05). Formula kombinasi gum arab dan FOS memiliki nilai wettability tertinggi, sedangkan formula kombinasi maltodekstrin dan FOS memiliki nilai total BAL tertinggi (p value <0,05).
Kesimpulan: Produk mengandung serat pangan, antioksidan, serta probiotik. Formula dengan enkapsulator gum arab dan prebiotik FOS merupakan formula terbaik karena kandungan serat yang lebih tinggi, kandungan karbohidrat yang lebih rendah, serta aktivitas antioksidan yang sama, dan total BAL yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan formula lainnya.
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