Faktor Risiko Anemia pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Ketiga di Puskesmas Tanjung Sekayam: Studi Kasus-Kontrol
The Risk Factors for Anemia in Women at Third Trimester of Pregnancy in the Primary Health Center of Tanjung Sekayam: A Case-Control Study
Latar Belakang: Kehadiran anemia pada ibu hamil memiliki dampak besar terhadap kesehatan ibu dan janin. Secara global, sekitar 37% wanita hamil mengalami anemia. Di Puskesmas Tanjung Sekayam, prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil trimester III cukup tinggi, yaitu 50,4%.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor risiko anemia pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Sekayam, Kabupaten Sanggau.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain studi kasus-kontrol. Populasi penelitian mencakup 153 ibu hamil trimester ketiga yang menerima layanan antenatal di Puskesmas Tanjung Sekayam. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 62 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling, terdiri dari 31 kasus dan 31 kontrol. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square untuk menilai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia.
Hasil: Ada hubungan usia ibu (p=0,000; OR=22,9), jarak kehamilan (p=0,024; OR=6,9), paritas (p=0,011; OR=2,2), status gizi (kekurangan energi kronis) (p=0,000; OR=11,3), kepatuhan (p=0,021; OR=3,9), dan pengetahuan (p=0,001; OR=8,2) dengan prevalensi anemia pada trimester ketiga. Adapun dukungan keluarga tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan.
Kesimpulan: Usia ibu, jarak kehamilan, paritas, status gizi, kepatuhan ibu dalam mengonsumsi tablet zat besi, dan pengetahuan berhubungan dengan prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil trimester ketiga. Dukungan keluarga tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian anemia, kemungkinan karena keterbatasan pengukuran dukungan keluarga dan faktor-faktor lain seperti ketidaknyamanan mengonsumsi tablet zat besi dan lupa. Intervensi yang lebih terstruktur dan edukasi yang lebih intensif mengenai pentingnya zat besi dan nutrisi selama kehamilan sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi risiko anemia.
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