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Marine Ecotourism Potential in Unggeh Island Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Corresponding Author(s) : Zulham Apandy Harahap
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan,
Vol. 12 No. 2 (2020): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Highlight
- Calculated and assested the percentage of live coral cover
- Identified reef fishes and calculated fish abundance
- Measured physical and chemical oceanography parameter
- Analyzed carrying capacity and suitability of Unggeh Island for tourism utilization especially marine diving and snorkeling.
Abstract
Unggeh Island located in the administration of the Village Sitardas Badiri District, Central Tapanuli Regency into a marine tourism area. The development of marine ecotourism Unggeh Island is an alternative to the economic improvement of so- ciety. This study aims to assess the potential of coral reef ecosystem in the form of percentage of life form coral, coral species and species and abundance of reef fish found in Unggeh Island waters of Central Tapanuli Regency and to analyze the suitability of coral reef ecosystem in Unggeh Island for tourism utilization es- pecially marine diving and snorkeling. Coral reef community data collection was done by using SCUBA divers equipment, in identifying The coral community used underwater photo transect (UPT) method, while coral fish diversity was observed by underwater visual census (UVC) method. Physical and chemical oceanography parameter data such as temperature, salinity, pH, current, transparency and DO are performed at each observation station. The survey results of coral reef observation at four stations showed different results. Percentage of live coral cover of station 1 to 4 were 25.40 %, 12.33%, 28.53%, and 25.53 respectively. Therefore, reef fishes found 36 species that consist of ten families and 423 individual fishes. The results showed that Unggeh Island was suitable (S2) for diving and snorkeling activities, with the carrying capacity was 3.054 persons/day.
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- Annas, R. A., Muchlisin, Z. A., & Sarong, M. A. (2017). Short Communication: Coral reefs condition in Aceh Barat, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(2): 514-519.
- Andaris, A. R., Suryanto, A., & Muskananfola, M. R. (2015). Correlation between physics and chemical water factor to coral reef cover at Karimunjawa Island. Journal of Maquares, 4(3): 29-36.
- Barus, B. S., Prartono, T., & Soedarma, D. (2018). Environmental effect on coral reefs life form in the Lampung Bay. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 10(3): 699-709.
- Bengen, D. G., & Retraubun, A. S. W. (2006). Revealing the reality and urgency of small islands management based on Eco-Socio system. (Jakarta: Center of Coastal and Marine Learning and Development Press. pp. 36-41.
- Carpenter, K. E., Lawrence, A., & Myers, R. (2016). Zanclus cornutus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T69741115A69742744.
- Clark, J. R. (1996). Coastal zone management. Handbook. Florida: Lewis Publishers.
- Coremap. (2008). Bulletin COREMAP II North Sumatra Province: ADB Midterm Review, 3rd Edition. Medan: Department of Marine and Fisheries of North Sumatra Province.
- English, S., Wilkinson, C., & Baker, V. (1997). Survey manual for tropical marine resources. 2nd Ed. Townsville: ASEAN – Australia Marine Science Project Living Coastal Resources. Australian Institute of Marine Science.
- Harahap, Z. A., Gea, Y. H., & Susetya, I. E. (2019) Relationship between coral reef ecosystem and coral fish communities in Unggeh Island Central Tapanuli Regency. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 260 (2019) 012113 IOP Publishing.
- Karuppanapandian, T., Karuppudurai, T., & Kumaraguru, A. K. (2007). A preliminary study on the environmental condition of the coral reef habitat. Journal of Environmental Scence and Technology, 4(3): 371-378.
- Kohler, K. E. & Gill, S. (2006). Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe): A Visual Basic program for the determination of coral and substrate coverage using random point count methodology. Computers & Geosciences, 32(9): 1259-1269.
- Kuiter, R. H., & Tonozuka,T. (2001). Pictorial Guide to: Indonesian Reef Fishes. Seaford VIC 3198 (p. 895). Australia: Zoonetics Publc.
- Lelloltery, H., Pudyatmoko, S., Fandelli, C., & Baiquni, M. (2018). Study of coral reef for marine ecotourism development based on region suitability and carrying capacity in Marsegu Island Nature Tourism Park, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 19(3): 1089-1096.
- Luthfi, O. M., & Anugrah, P. T. (2017). Distribution of Scleractinian coral as the main reef building of coral reef ecosytem in Karang Pakiman's patch reef, Bawean Island. Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan, 6(1): 9-22.
- Madduppa, H. H., Subhan, B., Suparyani, E., Siregar, A. M, Arafat, D., Tarigan, S. A, Alimuddin, Khairudi, D., Rahmawaty, F., & Bramandito, A. (2013). Dynamics of fish diversity across an environmental gradient in Seribu Islands reefs of Jakarta. Biodiversitas, 14(1): 17-24.
- Ministry of Environment of Republic Indonesia. (2004). Ministry of Environment No.51 of 2004 on Marine water quality standards for marine tourism. Jakarta: Ministry of Environment of Republic Indonesia.
- Muhlis. (2011). Coral Reef Ecosystem abd oceanography condition of marine tourism of Lombok. Berkala Penelitian Hayati, 16: 111-118.
- Najamuddin, N., Ishak, S., & Ahmad, A. (2012). Keragaman ikan karang di perairan Pulau Makian Provinsi Maluku Utara. DEPIK Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan, 1(2): 114-120.
- Nelson, H., & Altieri, A.H. (2019). Oxygen: the universal currency on coral reefs. Coral Reefs, 38(1): 177-198.
- Pyle, R., Rocha, L. A., Craig, M. T., & Pratchett, M. (2010). Chaetodon trifasciatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T165673A6087793.
- Rembet, U. J., Boer, M., Bengen, D. G., & Fahruddin, A. (2011). Community structure of target fish in coral reef hogow island and putus-Putus North Sulawesi. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Tropis, 8(2): 60-65.
- Romadhon, A., Yulianda, F., Bengen, D. G, & Adrianto, L. (2014). Suistainable tourism based on carrying capacity and ecological footprint at Sapaken Archipelago, Indonesia. International Journal of Ecosystem, 4(4): 190-196.
- Rudi, E. (2009). Telaah kondisi terumbu karang di perairan Aceh bagian utara. Prosiding Semirata BKS FMIPA Wilayah Barat, Banda Aceh.
- Sahetapy, D., Retraubun, A. S. W., Bengen, D. G., & Abrahamsz, J. (2018). Coral reef fishes of Tuhaha Bay, Saparua Island, Maluku province, Indonesia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(2): 105-109.
References
Annas, R. A., Muchlisin, Z. A., & Sarong, M. A. (2017). Short Communication: Coral reefs condition in Aceh Barat, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(2): 514-519.
Andaris, A. R., Suryanto, A., & Muskananfola, M. R. (2015). Correlation between physics and chemical water factor to coral reef cover at Karimunjawa Island. Journal of Maquares, 4(3): 29-36.
Barus, B. S., Prartono, T., & Soedarma, D. (2018). Environmental effect on coral reefs life form in the Lampung Bay. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, 10(3): 699-709.
Bengen, D. G., & Retraubun, A. S. W. (2006). Revealing the reality and urgency of small islands management based on Eco-Socio system. (Jakarta: Center of Coastal and Marine Learning and Development Press. pp. 36-41.
Carpenter, K. E., Lawrence, A., & Myers, R. (2016). Zanclus cornutus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T69741115A69742744.
Clark, J. R. (1996). Coastal zone management. Handbook. Florida: Lewis Publishers.
Coremap. (2008). Bulletin COREMAP II North Sumatra Province: ADB Midterm Review, 3rd Edition. Medan: Department of Marine and Fisheries of North Sumatra Province.
English, S., Wilkinson, C., & Baker, V. (1997). Survey manual for tropical marine resources. 2nd Ed. Townsville: ASEAN – Australia Marine Science Project Living Coastal Resources. Australian Institute of Marine Science.
Harahap, Z. A., Gea, Y. H., & Susetya, I. E. (2019) Relationship between coral reef ecosystem and coral fish communities in Unggeh Island Central Tapanuli Regency. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 260 (2019) 012113 IOP Publishing.
Karuppanapandian, T., Karuppudurai, T., & Kumaraguru, A. K. (2007). A preliminary study on the environmental condition of the coral reef habitat. Journal of Environmental Scence and Technology, 4(3): 371-378.
Kohler, K. E. & Gill, S. (2006). Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe): A Visual Basic program for the determination of coral and substrate coverage using random point count methodology. Computers & Geosciences, 32(9): 1259-1269.
Kuiter, R. H., & Tonozuka,T. (2001). Pictorial Guide to: Indonesian Reef Fishes. Seaford VIC 3198 (p. 895). Australia: Zoonetics Publc.
Lelloltery, H., Pudyatmoko, S., Fandelli, C., & Baiquni, M. (2018). Study of coral reef for marine ecotourism development based on region suitability and carrying capacity in Marsegu Island Nature Tourism Park, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 19(3): 1089-1096.
Luthfi, O. M., & Anugrah, P. T. (2017). Distribution of Scleractinian coral as the main reef building of coral reef ecosytem in Karang Pakiman's patch reef, Bawean Island. Depik Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan, 6(1): 9-22.
Madduppa, H. H., Subhan, B., Suparyani, E., Siregar, A. M, Arafat, D., Tarigan, S. A, Alimuddin, Khairudi, D., Rahmawaty, F., & Bramandito, A. (2013). Dynamics of fish diversity across an environmental gradient in Seribu Islands reefs of Jakarta. Biodiversitas, 14(1): 17-24.
Ministry of Environment of Republic Indonesia. (2004). Ministry of Environment No.51 of 2004 on Marine water quality standards for marine tourism. Jakarta: Ministry of Environment of Republic Indonesia.
Muhlis. (2011). Coral Reef Ecosystem abd oceanography condition of marine tourism of Lombok. Berkala Penelitian Hayati, 16: 111-118.
Najamuddin, N., Ishak, S., & Ahmad, A. (2012). Keragaman ikan karang di perairan Pulau Makian Provinsi Maluku Utara. DEPIK Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir dan Perikanan, 1(2): 114-120.
Nelson, H., & Altieri, A.H. (2019). Oxygen: the universal currency on coral reefs. Coral Reefs, 38(1): 177-198.
Pyle, R., Rocha, L. A., Craig, M. T., & Pratchett, M. (2010). Chaetodon trifasciatus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T165673A6087793.
Rembet, U. J., Boer, M., Bengen, D. G., & Fahruddin, A. (2011). Community structure of target fish in coral reef hogow island and putus-Putus North Sulawesi. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan Tropis, 8(2): 60-65.
Romadhon, A., Yulianda, F., Bengen, D. G, & Adrianto, L. (2014). Suistainable tourism based on carrying capacity and ecological footprint at Sapaken Archipelago, Indonesia. International Journal of Ecosystem, 4(4): 190-196.
Rudi, E. (2009). Telaah kondisi terumbu karang di perairan Aceh bagian utara. Prosiding Semirata BKS FMIPA Wilayah Barat, Banda Aceh.
Sahetapy, D., Retraubun, A. S. W., Bengen, D. G., & Abrahamsz, J. (2018). Coral reef fishes of Tuhaha Bay, Saparua Island, Maluku province, Indonesia. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(2): 105-109.