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Growth patterns and ecological classification of Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) in the Mamis River, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Corresponding Author(s) : Muchammad Yunus
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Highlight Research
1. Tor tambra is the most dominant species other Tor species in Aceh Province, Indonesia.
2. The population of T. tambra has decreased significantly due to overfishing and environmental destruction.
3. This research aims to examine the habitat characteristics, growth patterns and condition factors of T. tambra.
4. Analysis of the length weight relationship of T. tambra revealed that the condition of the fish was stable .
Abstract
This research was aimed to examine the habitat characteristics, growth patterns and condition factors of T. tambra in the Mamis River, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Aceh, Indonesia. This research was conducted on the Mamis River in three different river conditions from July to August 2023. The ecological parameters of T. tambra were conducted by observing the main, broodstock, spawning, and nursery ground habitats based on diversity of catch size at a location, water quality, aquatic substrate, aquatic vegetation, and water shade. The growth pattern parameter was also analyzed to reveal the condition of T. tambra. The T. tambra habitat in the Mamis River includes broodstock and spawning habitat with the criteria from small to large rocks overgrown with Bryophytes, gravel and sand substrates, clear water color, slow to swift water currents, and river environment most of it is primary forest. In the main habitat, there is dominant riparian vegetation in the form of forest timber trees such as Pometia pinnata, Ficus fistulosa, Hydnocarpus castanea, and Aglaia tomentosa. The habitat for the juvenile is in the form of rocks, gravel substrate, clear water color, and fast water currents. In the nursery habitat, the dominant riparian vegetation is Balakata baccata. Based on the results of water quality analysis at the three stations, it shows that temperature, pH, DO, currents, BOD, COD are significantly different, but brightness levels are not significantly different. Based on the analysis of the length-weight relationship, it shows that the condition of the fish is stable with sufficient food availability.
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- Akmal, Y., Dhamayanti, Y., & Paujiah, E. (2020). Osteocranium of Tor tambroides (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Tangse River, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 21(2):442-450.
- Akmal, Y., Muliari, M., Humairani, R., Zulfahmi, I., Burhanuddin, A. I., Budimawan, B., & Batubara, A. S. (2022). Species authentication of Tor spp. (family Cyprinidae) in Indonesia based on osteocranium structure and biometric data. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 299(7):21-30.
- Ali, S., Barat, A., Kumar, P., Sati, J., Kumar, R., & Haldar, R. S. (2014). Study of length-weight relationship and condition factor for the golden mahseer, Tor puttiora from Himalayan rivers from India. Journal of Environmental Biology, 35(1):225-228.
- Arifin, O. Z., Subagja, J., & Hadie, W. (2014). Biometric characterization three population of semah mahseer Tor douronensis (Valenciennes, 1842) in support to conservation of genetic resources. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 15(2):143-154.
- Asyari, A. (2017). The role of aquatic insects for freshwater fish. Bawal Capture Fisheries Research Widya, 1(2):53-60.
- Barus, T. A., Wahyuningsih, H., Simanjuntak, B. N., Ginting, R. H., Batubara, A. S., & Hartanto, A. (2023). Genetic differentiation among Batak fish populations (Neolissochilus sumatranus, Tor douronensis, and Tor soro) in North Sumatra, Indonesia revealed by RAPD markers. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(3):1327-1332.
- Bhateria, R., & Jain, D. (2016). Water quality assessment of lake water: a review. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2(6):161-173.
- Blackwell, B. G., Brown, M. L., & Willis, D. W. (2000). Relative weight (Wr) status and current use in fisheries assessment and management. Reviews in fisheries Science, 8(1):1-44.
- Cavraro, F., Bettoso, N., Zucchetta, M., D'Aietti, A., Faresi, L., & Franzoi, P. (2019). Body condition in fish as a tool to detect the effects of anthropogenic pressures in transitional waters. Aquatic Ecology, 53(3):21-35.
- Chen, Q., Li, Q., Lin, Y., Zhang, J., Xia, J., Ni, J., Cooke, S. J., Best, J., He, S., Feng, T., Chen, Y., Tonina, D., Benjankar, R., Birk, S., Fleischmann, A. S., Yan, H., & Tang, L. (2023). River damming impacts on fish habitat and associated conservation measures. Reviews of Geophysics, 61(4):1-64.
- Chew, P. C., Christianus, A., Zudaidy, J. M., Ina-Salwany, M. Y., Chong, C. M., & Tan, S. G. (2021). Microsatellite characterization of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor spp.) for improvement of broodstock management and utilization. Animals, 11(9):1-28.
- Chong, V. C., Lee, P. K. Y., & Lau, C. M. (2010). Diversity, extinction risk and conservation of Malaysian fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 76(9):2009-2066.
- Dwirastina, M., & Wibowo, A. (2022). Review of resource characteristics and management strategies of the Semah fish Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1852). Bioscientist: Biological Scientific Journal, 10(1):546-555.
- Effendi, H. (2003). Study water quality for management of aquatic resources and environment. Bogor: faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University.
- Effendi, M.I. 1997. Fisheries biology. Bogor: Nusantara Library Foundation.
- England, L. E. (2003). Riparian forest cover at multiple scales: influences on instream habitat, aquatic assemblages, and food webs in headwater streams. Georgia: Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia.
- Farinordin, F. A., Nilam, W. S. W., Husin, S. M., Samat, A., & Nor, S. M. (2017). Scale morphologies of freshwater fishes at Tembat Forest Reserve, Terengganu, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 46(9):1429-1439.
- Febri, S. P., Putri, K. A., Sari, H. P. E., Persada, A. Y., Haser, T. F., & Najmi, N. (2023). Population dynamics of keureuling fish (Tor spp.) in Lokop River waters, East Aceh District, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 16(5):2708-2718.
- Firdaus, R., Nurhatijah, N., & Rismawati, S. (2021). Application of different temperatures in the incubation process of Jurung fish eggs (Tor tambra). Tomini Journal of Aquatic Science, 2(2):82-89.
- Gustiano, R., Haryono, H., Wudianto, W., Wahyudewantoro, G., Rusdianto, H. D., Marwayana, O. N., & Mokodongan, D. F. (2022). Fish biodiversity in sustainable development based on the blue economy in Indonesia. Proceedings of the National Fish Seminar, 1(1):169-181.
- Haryono, H., & Tjakrawidjaja, A. H. (2006). Morphological study for identification improvement of tambra fish (Tor spp.: Cyprinidae) from Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 7(1):59-62.
- Haryono, H., & Subagja, J. (2008). The population and habitat of tambra fish, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) in Muller Mountain Waters Central Kalimantan. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 9(4):306-309.
- Hidayat, M., Maulizar, S., Batubara, A. S., Kautsari, N., Latuconsina, H., Nur, F. M., & Zulfahmi, I. (2023). Ichthyofauna of Merbau River, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Indonesia: species composition, diversity, biometric condition, potency, and conservation status. The European Zoological Journal, 90(2):747-761.
- Izzati, U., & Hasibuan, H. S. (2019). Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 20(2):595-603.
- Jaafar, F., Na-Nakorn, U., Srisapoome, P., Amornsakun, T., Duong, T. Y., Gonzales-Plasus, M. M., Hoang, D., & Parhar, I. S. (2021). A current update on the distribution, morphological features, and genetic identity of the Southeast Asian mahseers, Tor species. Biology, 10(4):1-30.
- Kottelat, M., Whitten, A.J., Kartikasari, S.N., Wirjoatmodjo, S. (1993). Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Singapore: Periplus.
- Maghfiriadi, F., Zulfahmi, I., Paujiah, E., & Sarong, M. A. (2019). Ichthyofauna of Alas River, around Soraya research station, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Subulussalam, Aceh. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 19(3):361-374.
- Mamangkey, J. J., & Nasution, S. H. (2017). Reproduksi ikan endemik butini (Glossogobius matanensis Weber 1913) berdasarkan kedalaman dan waktu di Danau Towuti, Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia, 8(1):31-43.
- Manangkalangi, E., Leatemia, S. P., Lefaan, P. T., Peday, H. F., & Sembel, L. (2014). Habitat condition of arfak rainbowfish, Melanotaenia arfakensis Allen, 1990 at Nimbai Streams, Prafi Manokwari. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 14(1):21-36.
- Manangkalangi, E., Rahardjo, M. F., & Sjafii, D. S. (2009). Habitat ontogeni ikan pelangi arfak (Melanotaenia arfakensis) di Sungai Nimbai dan Sungai Aimasi, Manokwari. Jurnal Natural, 8(1):4-11.
- Muchlisin, Z. A., & Azizah, S. (2009). Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in Aceh Waters, Northern Sumatra Indonesia. International Journal of Zoological Research, 5(2):62-79.
- Muchlisin, Z. A., Batubara, A. S., Azizah, M. N. S., Adlim, M., Hendri, A., Fadli, N., Muhammadar, A. A., & Sugianto, S. (2015). Feeding habit and length weight relationship of Keureling fish, Tor tambra Valenciennes, 1842 (Cyprinidae) from the western region of Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 16(1):89-94.
- Muhtadi, A., Dhuha, O. R., Desrita, D., Siregar, T., & Muammar, M. (2017). Kondisi habitat dan keragaman nekton di hulu daerah aliran Sungai Wampu, Kabupaten Langkat, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Depik, 6(2):90-99.
- Nilsson, C., & Renöfält, B. M. (2008). Linking flow regime and water quality in rivers: A challenge to adaptive catchment management. Ecology and Society, 13(2):1-20.
- Ningsih, N. R., Omar, S. B. A., Haris, A., Nur, M., & Larasati, R. F. (2023). Length-weight relationship and condition factors of endemic fish, Lagusia micracanthus Bleeker, 1860 (Pisces: Terapontidae) in Gilireng River, Wajo Regency, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 15(2):290-302.
- Pinder, A. C., Britton, J. R., Harrison, A. J., Nautiyal, P., Bower, S. D., Cooke, S. J., Lockett, S., Everard, M., Katwate, U., Ranjeet, K., Walton, S., Danylchuk, A. J., Dahanukar, N., & Raghavan, R. (2019). Mahseer (Tor spp.) fishes of the world: status, challenges and opportunities for conservation. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 29(6):417-452.
- Rahel, F. J. (2022). Managing freshwater fish in a changing climate: resist, accept, or direct. Fisheries, 47(6):245-255.
- Saanin, H. (1984). Taksonomi dan kunci identifikasi ikan. Jakarta: Bina Cipta.
- Sikder, M. T., Yasuda, M., Syawal, S. M., Saito, T., Tanaka, S., & Kurasaki, M. (2012). Comparative assessment of water quality in the major rivers of Dhaka and West Java. International Journal of Environmental Protection, 2(4):8-13.
- Sukmawati, M., Ardyatulah, N., Rahman, A. B. D., Fitriani, F., Lestari, M., Isqaratil, I., ... & Bakhtiar, B. (2023). ). Identify moss plants (Bryophyta) around the Riamau Village Waterfall. JUSTER: Journal of Science and Applications, 2(1):25-32.
- Sumiati, T., Taukhid, T., Andriyanto, S., & Wadjdy, E. F. (2022). Susceptibility of three indigenous Indonesian fish species: mahseer (Tor soro), snakehead (Channa striata), and bagrid catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) against parasites infection. Omni-Akuatika, 18(2):153-164.
- Suraya, U. (2019). Inventory and identification of water plants in Lake Hanjalutung Palangka Raya City. Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan, 6(2):149-159.
References
Akmal, Y., Dhamayanti, Y., & Paujiah, E. (2020). Osteocranium of Tor tambroides (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Tangse River, Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 21(2):442-450.
Akmal, Y., Muliari, M., Humairani, R., Zulfahmi, I., Burhanuddin, A. I., Budimawan, B., & Batubara, A. S. (2022). Species authentication of Tor spp. (family Cyprinidae) in Indonesia based on osteocranium structure and biometric data. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 299(7):21-30.
Ali, S., Barat, A., Kumar, P., Sati, J., Kumar, R., & Haldar, R. S. (2014). Study of length-weight relationship and condition factor for the golden mahseer, Tor puttiora from Himalayan rivers from India. Journal of Environmental Biology, 35(1):225-228.
Arifin, O. Z., Subagja, J., & Hadie, W. (2014). Biometric characterization three population of semah mahseer Tor douronensis (Valenciennes, 1842) in support to conservation of genetic resources. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 15(2):143-154.
Asyari, A. (2017). The role of aquatic insects for freshwater fish. Bawal Capture Fisheries Research Widya, 1(2):53-60.
Barus, T. A., Wahyuningsih, H., Simanjuntak, B. N., Ginting, R. H., Batubara, A. S., & Hartanto, A. (2023). Genetic differentiation among Batak fish populations (Neolissochilus sumatranus, Tor douronensis, and Tor soro) in North Sumatra, Indonesia revealed by RAPD markers. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(3):1327-1332.
Bhateria, R., & Jain, D. (2016). Water quality assessment of lake water: a review. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 2(6):161-173.
Blackwell, B. G., Brown, M. L., & Willis, D. W. (2000). Relative weight (Wr) status and current use in fisheries assessment and management. Reviews in fisheries Science, 8(1):1-44.
Cavraro, F., Bettoso, N., Zucchetta, M., D'Aietti, A., Faresi, L., & Franzoi, P. (2019). Body condition in fish as a tool to detect the effects of anthropogenic pressures in transitional waters. Aquatic Ecology, 53(3):21-35.
Chen, Q., Li, Q., Lin, Y., Zhang, J., Xia, J., Ni, J., Cooke, S. J., Best, J., He, S., Feng, T., Chen, Y., Tonina, D., Benjankar, R., Birk, S., Fleischmann, A. S., Yan, H., & Tang, L. (2023). River damming impacts on fish habitat and associated conservation measures. Reviews of Geophysics, 61(4):1-64.
Chew, P. C., Christianus, A., Zudaidy, J. M., Ina-Salwany, M. Y., Chong, C. M., & Tan, S. G. (2021). Microsatellite characterization of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor spp.) for improvement of broodstock management and utilization. Animals, 11(9):1-28.
Chong, V. C., Lee, P. K. Y., & Lau, C. M. (2010). Diversity, extinction risk and conservation of Malaysian fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 76(9):2009-2066.
Dwirastina, M., & Wibowo, A. (2022). Review of resource characteristics and management strategies of the Semah fish Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1852). Bioscientist: Biological Scientific Journal, 10(1):546-555.
Effendi, H. (2003). Study water quality for management of aquatic resources and environment. Bogor: faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University.
Effendi, M.I. 1997. Fisheries biology. Bogor: Nusantara Library Foundation.
England, L. E. (2003). Riparian forest cover at multiple scales: influences on instream habitat, aquatic assemblages, and food webs in headwater streams. Georgia: Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia.
Farinordin, F. A., Nilam, W. S. W., Husin, S. M., Samat, A., & Nor, S. M. (2017). Scale morphologies of freshwater fishes at Tembat Forest Reserve, Terengganu, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 46(9):1429-1439.
Febri, S. P., Putri, K. A., Sari, H. P. E., Persada, A. Y., Haser, T. F., & Najmi, N. (2023). Population dynamics of keureuling fish (Tor spp.) in Lokop River waters, East Aceh District, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 16(5):2708-2718.
Firdaus, R., Nurhatijah, N., & Rismawati, S. (2021). Application of different temperatures in the incubation process of Jurung fish eggs (Tor tambra). Tomini Journal of Aquatic Science, 2(2):82-89.
Gustiano, R., Haryono, H., Wudianto, W., Wahyudewantoro, G., Rusdianto, H. D., Marwayana, O. N., & Mokodongan, D. F. (2022). Fish biodiversity in sustainable development based on the blue economy in Indonesia. Proceedings of the National Fish Seminar, 1(1):169-181.
Haryono, H., & Tjakrawidjaja, A. H. (2006). Morphological study for identification improvement of tambra fish (Tor spp.: Cyprinidae) from Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 7(1):59-62.
Haryono, H., & Subagja, J. (2008). The population and habitat of tambra fish, Tor tambroides (Bleeker, 1854) in Muller Mountain Waters Central Kalimantan. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 9(4):306-309.
Hidayat, M., Maulizar, S., Batubara, A. S., Kautsari, N., Latuconsina, H., Nur, F. M., & Zulfahmi, I. (2023). Ichthyofauna of Merbau River, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Indonesia: species composition, diversity, biometric condition, potency, and conservation status. The European Zoological Journal, 90(2):747-761.
Izzati, U., & Hasibuan, H. S. (2019). Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 20(2):595-603.
Jaafar, F., Na-Nakorn, U., Srisapoome, P., Amornsakun, T., Duong, T. Y., Gonzales-Plasus, M. M., Hoang, D., & Parhar, I. S. (2021). A current update on the distribution, morphological features, and genetic identity of the Southeast Asian mahseers, Tor species. Biology, 10(4):1-30.
Kottelat, M., Whitten, A.J., Kartikasari, S.N., Wirjoatmodjo, S. (1993). Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Singapore: Periplus.
Maghfiriadi, F., Zulfahmi, I., Paujiah, E., & Sarong, M. A. (2019). Ichthyofauna of Alas River, around Soraya research station, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Subulussalam, Aceh. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 19(3):361-374.
Mamangkey, J. J., & Nasution, S. H. (2017). Reproduksi ikan endemik butini (Glossogobius matanensis Weber 1913) berdasarkan kedalaman dan waktu di Danau Towuti, Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia, 8(1):31-43.
Manangkalangi, E., Leatemia, S. P., Lefaan, P. T., Peday, H. F., & Sembel, L. (2014). Habitat condition of arfak rainbowfish, Melanotaenia arfakensis Allen, 1990 at Nimbai Streams, Prafi Manokwari. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia, 14(1):21-36.
Manangkalangi, E., Rahardjo, M. F., & Sjafii, D. S. (2009). Habitat ontogeni ikan pelangi arfak (Melanotaenia arfakensis) di Sungai Nimbai dan Sungai Aimasi, Manokwari. Jurnal Natural, 8(1):4-11.
Muchlisin, Z. A., & Azizah, S. (2009). Diversity and distribution of freshwater fishes in Aceh Waters, Northern Sumatra Indonesia. International Journal of Zoological Research, 5(2):62-79.
Muchlisin, Z. A., Batubara, A. S., Azizah, M. N. S., Adlim, M., Hendri, A., Fadli, N., Muhammadar, A. A., & Sugianto, S. (2015). Feeding habit and length weight relationship of Keureling fish, Tor tambra Valenciennes, 1842 (Cyprinidae) from the western region of Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 16(1):89-94.
Muhtadi, A., Dhuha, O. R., Desrita, D., Siregar, T., & Muammar, M. (2017). Kondisi habitat dan keragaman nekton di hulu daerah aliran Sungai Wampu, Kabupaten Langkat, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Depik, 6(2):90-99.
Nilsson, C., & Renöfält, B. M. (2008). Linking flow regime and water quality in rivers: A challenge to adaptive catchment management. Ecology and Society, 13(2):1-20.
Ningsih, N. R., Omar, S. B. A., Haris, A., Nur, M., & Larasati, R. F. (2023). Length-weight relationship and condition factors of endemic fish, Lagusia micracanthus Bleeker, 1860 (Pisces: Terapontidae) in Gilireng River, Wajo Regency, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 15(2):290-302.
Pinder, A. C., Britton, J. R., Harrison, A. J., Nautiyal, P., Bower, S. D., Cooke, S. J., Lockett, S., Everard, M., Katwate, U., Ranjeet, K., Walton, S., Danylchuk, A. J., Dahanukar, N., & Raghavan, R. (2019). Mahseer (Tor spp.) fishes of the world: status, challenges and opportunities for conservation. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 29(6):417-452.
Rahel, F. J. (2022). Managing freshwater fish in a changing climate: resist, accept, or direct. Fisheries, 47(6):245-255.
Saanin, H. (1984). Taksonomi dan kunci identifikasi ikan. Jakarta: Bina Cipta.
Sikder, M. T., Yasuda, M., Syawal, S. M., Saito, T., Tanaka, S., & Kurasaki, M. (2012). Comparative assessment of water quality in the major rivers of Dhaka and West Java. International Journal of Environmental Protection, 2(4):8-13.
Sukmawati, M., Ardyatulah, N., Rahman, A. B. D., Fitriani, F., Lestari, M., Isqaratil, I., ... & Bakhtiar, B. (2023). ). Identify moss plants (Bryophyta) around the Riamau Village Waterfall. JUSTER: Journal of Science and Applications, 2(1):25-32.
Sumiati, T., Taukhid, T., Andriyanto, S., & Wadjdy, E. F. (2022). Susceptibility of three indigenous Indonesian fish species: mahseer (Tor soro), snakehead (Channa striata), and bagrid catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) against parasites infection. Omni-Akuatika, 18(2):153-164.
Suraya, U. (2019). Inventory and identification of water plants in Lake Hanjalutung Palangka Raya City. Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan, 6(2):149-159.