Hubungan antara Asupan Asam Lemak Tidak Jenuh Ganda pada Ibu Menyusui, Kandungannya dalam ASI dan Lingkar Kepala Bayi: Studi pada Periode Awal Postpartum
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Latar Belakang: Tercukupinya kebutuhan asupan asam lemak tidak jenuh ganda (polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA) ibu menyusui diketahui memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otakbayi. Peran asupan PUFA ibu menyusui dalam mendukung tumbuh kembang bayi adalah melalui perantara ASI. ASI merupakan sumber utama zat gizi bayi baru lahir, salah satunya adalah PUFA. Studi menunjukkan bahwa asupan PUFA ibu menyusui di Kota Bogor masih sangat rendah terutama EPA dan DHA. Rendahnya asupan PUFA ibu menyusui diduga berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan otak bayi yang dalam penelitian ini diestimasi dengan ukuran lingkar kepala.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan asupan PUFA ibu menyusui dengan kandungan PUFA ASI dan lingkar kepala bayi baru lahir.
Metode: Analisis data sekunder menggunakan data hasil penelitian hibah BASF South East Asia yang telah dilakukan pada bulan April-Oktober tahun 2018 di Kota Bogor oleh tim SEAFAST CENTER IPB. Subyek merupakan ibu ibu menyusui berusia 18-45 tahun yang melahirkan bayi tunggal . Total terdapat 79 data ibu dan bayinya yang meliputi data asupan PUFA saat menyusui , kandungan PUFA ASI, lingkar kepala bayi, karakteristik ibu dan bayinya, kondisi sosial-ekonomi ibu, dan IMT pra-hamil. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman.
Hasil: Rata-rata asupan PUFA ibu saat menyusui tergolong rendah (< 80% tingkat kecukupan) serta belum memenuhi rekomendasi asupan PUFA. Asupan LA ibu berhubungan signifikan positif dengan kandungan LA ASI (p = 0,012), sedangkan asupan ALA ibu memiliki hubungan signifikan negatif dengan kandungan ALA ASI (p = 0,027). Lingkar kepala bayi tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan asupan ibu saat menyusui dan kandungan PUFA ASI (p > 0,05).
Kesimpulan: Asupan PUFA ibu menyusui tidak berhubungan dengan kandungan PUFA ASI dan lingkar kepala bayi.
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