The Effect of Vitamin D3-Fortified Goat Milk Kefir on hs-CRP Levels of Type 2 Diabetic Rattus norvegicus Rats
Background: Insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus are associated with the synthesis of the inflammatory biomarker hs-CRP. Goat milk kefir and vitamin D have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of goat milk kefir fortified with vitamin D3 on hs-CRP levels of diabetic rats.
Methods: A true experimental study with a pre-post control group design was conducted in 35 days, involving 21 Rattus norvegicus male rats divided into four groups randomly: negative control (K-), positive control (K+), unfortified goat milk kefir treatment (P1), and vitamin D3-fortified goat milk kefir treatment (P2). Diabetes induced by STZ 65 mg/kg BW and NA 230 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally. Goat's milk kefir was given orally at 2 mL/200 g BW/day and a vitamin D3 fortification dose of 600 IU/100 mL kefir. Pre and post of fasting blood glucose levels were measured using the GOD-PAP method and serum hs-CRP was assessed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed bivariate and multivariately using GraphPad Prism 8 software.
Results: There was a statistically insignificant decrease in hs-CRP levels in the P2 group (p 0,2111) and in the P1 group (p 0,6250). However, there was a statistically significant drop in blood glucose levels in the P2 group (∆FBG -65,50 ± 35.44 mg/dL, p 0.0344) and in the P1 group (∆FBG -81,63 ± 50.07 mg/dL, p 0.0470).
Conclusions: Vitamin D3-fortified goat milk kefir can decrease hs-CRP levels of Rattus norvegicus diabetes rats, but statistically insignificant.
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