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Pengaruh Biofilter Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. terhadap Dominansi Plankton pada Media Air yang Terpapar Logam Berat Cr
[Effect Of Biofilter Of Seaweed Gracilaria sp. To Plankton Domination On Water Medium That Exposed To Heavy Metal Chromium (Cr) ]
Corresponding Author(s) : Sudarno Sudarno
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan,
Vol. 5 No. 1 (2013): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstract
Pollution is entered or the inclusion of living things, matter, energy, and or other components into the water. The study shows that the qualitative waters affected Sidoarjo mud Lapindo has the value of pollution index (13.3433), Sidoarjo heavily polluted coastal waters, and to sustain the cultivation of water treatments required physical, chemical and biological before the water is used for maintenance (Sudinno, 2009). Associated with the food chain, plankton have properties capable of accumulating pollutants in the environment. Pollutants in the environment are accumulated by plankton forming toxin becomes toxic compounds. There is a selection of flora and fauna to be used either as a biofilter, bioakumulator well as pollution biomonitoring agent occurs in the waters of the sea grass Gracillia sp. Giving Gracilaria sp. with different doses expected to affect the dominance of plankton in the water media exposure of heavy metals Cr. Once the research is done, it turns out the levels of heavy metals chromium (Cr) has been dropped from the initial 0.18 mg / l to 0.09 mg / l in the sediment. There Tetraselmis chuii plankton dominance in aqueous media, dominance of plankton in the water medium to portray the diversity of aquatic environments with low plankton, and this is not good for plankton and other organisms that utilize the natural feed.
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- Abidin. Z. 1987. Dasar-dasar Ilmu Tanah. Angkasa. Bandung.
- Akoto, O. Bruce, T. N. and Darkol, G. 2008. Heavy Metals Pollution Profiles in Streams Serving The Owabi Reservoir, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 354-359.
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- Bougis, P. 1979. Marine Plankton Ecology. American Elsevier Publishing Company. New York.
- Budiarto, E. dan D. Anggraeni. 2003.Epidemiologi. Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta. hal. 135, 155.
- Budiharto. 2008. Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan dengan Contoh Bidang Ilmu Kesehatan. Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta. hal. 46, 121.
- Cresswell, R. C, Rees. T dan Shak, N. 1989. Algae and Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Mc Graw Hill, London.
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- Diharmi. A. 2001. Pengaruh Pencahayan Terhadap Kandungan Pigmen Bioaktif Mikroalga Spirulina platensis Strain Local (Ink). Tesis Magister IPB, Bogor.
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- Komarawidjaja, W. 2005. Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. sebagai Fitoremedian Bahan Organik Perairan Tambak Budidaya. Pusat Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Lingkungan. Jakarta. hal 410-415.
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- Kusriningrum, R. S. 2008. Perancangan Percobaan. Airlangga University Press. Surabaya. 241 hal.
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- Liu, L., Fasheng, L., Xiong, D., 2006, Heavy Metal Contamination and Their Distribution in Different Size Fractions of The Surficial Sediment of Haihe River, China, Environ Geol, Vol 50, pp.431-438.
- Marini, F. 2002. The Breeder's Net : Culturing Larval Fish Foods, Part I. http://www.advancedaquarist.com/2002/8/breeder. 25/02/2012.
- Mudjiman, A. 2004. Makanan Ikan. Edisi Revisi. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
- Nybakken, J. W. 1992. Biologi Laut satu Pendekatan Ekologis. PT. Gramedia. Jakarta
- Obolewski, K., Glinska-Lewczuk, K., Contents of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of Oxbow Lakes and the SÅ‚upia River, Polish J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 15, No. 2a, pp. 440-44.
- Odum, E. P. 1971. Fundamental Ecology. Third edition. W. B. Saunders, Co. Philadelphia. London.
- Raikar, S. V, M. Lima and Y. Fujita. 2001. Effect of Temperature, Salinity and Light Intensity on the Growth of Gracilaria sp. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Japan, Malaysia and India. Journal of Marine Sciences. 30 : 98-104.
- Redhana IW. 1994. Penentuan Isoterm Adsorpsi Amonia dalam Larutan Air oleh Karbon Aktif pada Suhu Kamar. Laporan Penelitian (Tidak diterbitkan) Program Pra-S2 Kimia Pascasarjana. ITB.
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- Renaud, S.M. and Parry, D.L. 1991. Effect of Light Intensity on The Proximate Biochemical and Fatty Acid Composition of Isochrysis sp. And Nannochloropsis oculata For Use in Tropical Aquaculture. Journal of Applied Phicology, Vol. 3, hal. 43-53.
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- Sari, C.P. 2008. Pencemaran Logam Cr (Chromium) di Sungai Serang Ditinjau Dari Kualitas Air, Cangkang Dan Struktur Mikroanatomi Insang Anodonta Woodiana Lea.
- Singh, K. P., Malik, A., Sinha, S., Singh, K., Murthy, R. C., 2005, Estimation of Source of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments of Gomti River (India) Using Principal Component Analysis, Water, Air, and Soil Polution (Springer), Vol 166, pp. 321-341.
- Sunarto. 2008. Karakteristik Biologi Dan Peranan Planktonbagi Ekosistem Laut. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Universitas Padjajaran.
- Supartiwi, E. N. 2000. Karakteristik Komunitas Fitoplankton dan Perifiton Sebagai Indikator Kualitas Lingkungan Sungai Ciujung, Jawa Barat. Skripsi. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- Taw. 1990. Petunjuk Kultur Murni dan Massal Mikroalga. UNDP. FAO
- Weitzel, R. L. 1979. Methods and Measuremants of Perifiton Communities: A Review American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia.
- Welch, P. S. 1952. Limnology. Second edition. McGraw Hill International Book Company. New York.
- Wijaya, H. K. 2009. Komunitas Perifiton Dan Fitoplankton Serta Parameter Fisika-Kimia Perairan Sebagai Penentu Kualitas Air Di Bagian Hulu Sungai Cisadane. Skripsi Fakultas Perikanan Dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jawa Barat.
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References
Abidin. Z. 1987. Dasar-dasar Ilmu Tanah. Angkasa. Bandung.
Akoto, O. Bruce, T. N. and Darkol, G. 2008. Heavy Metals Pollution Profiles in Streams Serving The Owabi Reservoir, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 354-359.
Alamsjah, A. M., dkk. 2009. Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk NPK dan TSP terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kadar Air dan Klorofil a Gracilaria verrucosa. Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya. 14 hal.
Anggadiredja, T. Dkk. 2006. Rumput Laut. Jakarta : Penerbit Penebar Swadaya.
Aslan, L. 1993. Budidaya Rumput Laut. Edisi Revisi. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.
Basmi, J. 1988. Perkembangan Komunitas Fitoplankton Sebagai Indikasi Perubahan Tingkat Kesuburan Kwalitas Perairan. Jurusan ilmu Perairan. Fakultas Pasca Sarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Bold HC, Wynne MJ. 1985. Introduction To The Algae. Englewood (NJ): Prentice-Hall.
Bougis, P. 1979. Marine Plankton Ecology. American Elsevier Publishing Company. New York.
Budiarto, E. dan D. Anggraeni. 2003.Epidemiologi. Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta. hal. 135, 155.
Budiharto. 2008. Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan dengan Contoh Bidang Ilmu Kesehatan. Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta. hal. 46, 121.
Cresswell, R. C, Rees. T dan Shak, N. 1989. Algae and Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Mc Graw Hill, London.
Dawson, E. Y. 1955. Marine Botany and Introduction. Holt, Reinhart and Winston Inc. New York: 371pp.
Diharmi. A. 2001. Pengaruh Pencahayan Terhadap Kandungan Pigmen Bioaktif Mikroalga Spirulina platensis Strain Local (Ink). Tesis Magister IPB, Bogor.
Eaton, A. D., Clesceri, L. S., dan Greenberg, A. E. 1995. APHA (American Public Health Association): Standard Method for The Examination of Water and Waste water 19th ed., AWWA (American Water Works Association), and WPCF (Water Pollution Control Federation). Washington D. C.
Effendi, H. 2003. Telaah kualitas air : Bagi pengelolaan sumberdaya dan lingkungan perairan. Penerbit kanisius. Yogyakarta.
Fitter A. H. dan Hay. R. K. M. 1991. Fisiologi Lingkungan Tanaman. Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta.
Fogg, G. E. 1987. Algal Cultures adan Phytoplankton Ecology. The Univercity of Wiconsin Press, Medison.
Gunradi, R. dan S. J. Suprapto. 2007. Penelitian Endapan Lumpur di Daerah Porong Kabupaten Sidoarjo Provinsi Jawa Timur. Kelompok Program Penelitian Konservasi. 11 hal.
Henderson-Sellers, B. and H. R. Markland. 1987. Decaying Lakes: The Origins and Control of Cultural Eutrophication.
Herawati, N. 2007. Analisis Resiko Lingkungan Aliran Air Lumpur Lapindo Ke badan Air. Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang. Tesis. 81 hal.
Hutagalung, H.P. 1991. Pencemaran laut oleh logam berat in P3O – LIPI. Jakarta.
Isnansetyo, A. dan Kurniastuty. 1995. Teknik Kultur Phytoplankton Zooplankton. Pakan Alam untuk pembenihan organism laut, Kanisius, Yogyakarta.
Komarawidjaja, W. 2003. Peluang Pemanfaatan Rumput Laut sebagai Agen Biofiltrasi pada Ekosistem Perairan Payau yang Tercemar. Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi. 5 hal.
Komarawidjaja, W. 2005. Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. sebagai Fitoremedian Bahan Organik Perairan Tambak Budidaya. Pusat Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Lingkungan. Jakarta. hal 410-415.
Komarawidjaja, W. 2008. Tingkat Filtrasi Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. terhadap Kandungan Ortofosfat (P2O5). Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. hal 180-183.
Kusriningrum, R. S. 2008. Perancangan Percobaan. Airlangga University Press. Surabaya. 241 hal.
Lin, C. He, M. Zhou, Y. Guo, W. Yang, Z. 2008. Distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in sediment of the Second Songhua River, China, Environ Monit Assess (Springer), Vol. 137, pp. 329–342.
Liu, L., Fasheng, L., Xiong, D., 2006, Heavy Metal Contamination and Their Distribution in Different Size Fractions of The Surficial Sediment of Haihe River, China, Environ Geol, Vol 50, pp.431-438.
Marini, F. 2002. The Breeder's Net : Culturing Larval Fish Foods, Part I. http://www.advancedaquarist.com/2002/8/breeder. 25/02/2012.
Mudjiman, A. 2004. Makanan Ikan. Edisi Revisi. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Nybakken, J. W. 1992. Biologi Laut satu Pendekatan Ekologis. PT. Gramedia. Jakarta
Obolewski, K., Glinska-Lewczuk, K., Contents of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of Oxbow Lakes and the SÅ‚upia River, Polish J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 15, No. 2a, pp. 440-44.
Odum, E. P. 1971. Fundamental Ecology. Third edition. W. B. Saunders, Co. Philadelphia. London.
Raikar, S. V, M. Lima and Y. Fujita. 2001. Effect of Temperature, Salinity and Light Intensity on the Growth of Gracilaria sp. (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from Japan, Malaysia and India. Journal of Marine Sciences. 30 : 98-104.
Redhana IW. 1994. Penentuan Isoterm Adsorpsi Amonia dalam Larutan Air oleh Karbon Aktif pada Suhu Kamar. Laporan Penelitian (Tidak diterbitkan) Program Pra-S2 Kimia Pascasarjana. ITB.
Reynolds, C. S. 1984. The Ecology of Freshwater Phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
Renaud, S.M. and Parry, D.L. 1991. Effect of Light Intensity on The Proximate Biochemical and Fatty Acid Composition of Isochrysis sp. And Nannochloropsis oculata For Use in Tropical Aquaculture. Journal of Applied Phicology, Vol. 3, hal. 43-53.
Sachlan., M., 1972. Planktonology. Direktorat Jendral Perikanan Departemen Pertanian, Jakarta.
Sari, C.P. 2008. Pencemaran Logam Cr (Chromium) di Sungai Serang Ditinjau Dari Kualitas Air, Cangkang Dan Struktur Mikroanatomi Insang Anodonta Woodiana Lea.
Singh, K. P., Malik, A., Sinha, S., Singh, K., Murthy, R. C., 2005, Estimation of Source of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments of Gomti River (India) Using Principal Component Analysis, Water, Air, and Soil Polution (Springer), Vol 166, pp. 321-341.
Sunarto. 2008. Karakteristik Biologi Dan Peranan Planktonbagi Ekosistem Laut. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Universitas Padjajaran.
Supartiwi, E. N. 2000. Karakteristik Komunitas Fitoplankton dan Perifiton Sebagai Indikator Kualitas Lingkungan Sungai Ciujung, Jawa Barat. Skripsi. Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan. Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Taw. 1990. Petunjuk Kultur Murni dan Massal Mikroalga. UNDP. FAO
Weitzel, R. L. 1979. Methods and Measuremants of Perifiton Communities: A Review American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia.
Welch, P. S. 1952. Limnology. Second edition. McGraw Hill International Book Company. New York.
Wijaya, H. K. 2009. Komunitas Perifiton Dan Fitoplankton Serta Parameter Fisika-Kimia Perairan Sebagai Penentu Kualitas Air Di Bagian Hulu Sungai Cisadane. Skripsi Fakultas Perikanan Dan Ilmu Kelautan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jawa Barat.
Winarno, F. G. 1996. Teknologi Pengolahan Rumput Laut. Pustaka Sinar Harapan, Jakarta.