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Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Binder and Squid Oil Attractant in the Formulation of Litopenaeus vannamei Diet
Corresponding Author(s) : Marina Hassan
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan,
Vol. 13 No. 2 (2021): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Highlight Research
- Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) binder on pellet water stability in shrimp diet.
- Evaluation of squid oil attractant on feed palatability.
- The quality of water after inclusion of CMC binder and squid oil in pellet.
- CMC and squid oil improved dry matter retention and feeding responses in shrimp.
Abstract
Pellet water stability and feeding attractant are the crucial factors to be considered in the formulation of shrimp feed to minimize nutrient leaching and improve food palatability, respectively. The aim of this study was to determine the binding effect of supplementation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) during pellet manufacturing, and feeding responses with the inclusion of squid oil in pellet. Both experiments were conducted separately in five feed formulations ranged from 0.00% to 3.00% of CMC and squid oil. All T0 was referred as control with no CMC or squid oil. Experiment was conducted using 30 shrimps/treatment with triplicates. The dry matter retention up to 120 min of immersion and the feeding response test were evaluated in pellet supplemented with CMC and squid oil, respectively. Results showed the percentage of dry matter retentions increased with the increase of CMC, over time. The CMC containing pellets at 2.00% and 3.00% had minimal disintegration in water and possessed high water stability after 120 min immersion. The addition of 3.00% squid oil in feed exhibited a significant result (p<0.05) in the time taken for shrimp to access the pellet, also increased the time starts for ingestion. No significant change was observed in water quality indicated no water contamination occurred throughout the study. Results demonstrated that the addition of CMC binder at 2.00% and 3.00% improved pellet water stability, whilst 3.00% squid oil was recommended to enhance feed palatability. However, future studies on the activity of enzymes in shrimp bodies after treatment would be an advantage.
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- Ali, S. A., Gopal, C., & Ramana, J. V. (2007). Attractant and growth promoting properties of some feed materials and chemicals incorporated in the diets for Penaeus monodon (Fabricius). Indian Journal of Fisheries, 5(1):67-73.
- Ali, S. A., Gopal, C., Ramana, J. V., Sampoornam, B., Arul Vasu, C., Vaitheeswaran, T., & Selvakumar, P. (2010). Evaluation of selected binders in a ring-die pellet mill for processing shrimp feed pellets. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 57(1):102-106.
- AOAC Official Method International. (2007). Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC International.
- APHA (American Public Health Association). (1989). Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater (17th ed.). New York, USA: American Public Health Association.
- Arguello-Guevara, W., & Molina-Poveda, C. (2012). Effect of binder type and concentration on prepared feed stability, feed ingestion and digestibility of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock diets. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(4):515-522.
- Ariadi, H., Fadjar, M., Mahmudi, M., & Supriatna. (2019). The relationships between water quality parameters and the growth rate of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in intensive ponds. AACL Bioflux, 12(6):2103-2116.
- Boyd, C. E. (2000). Water Quality - An Introduction. New York: Springer US.
- Brown, M. L., Fallahi, P., Muthukumarappan, K., Singha, P., & Sindelar, S. (2015). A Comparative Study of the Effects of Non-starch Polysaccharide Gums on Physical Properties of Single-screw Extruded Aquafeed. Journal of Food Processing Technology, 6(6):1-9.
- Cordova-Murueta, J. H., & Garcia-Carreno, F. L. (2002). Nutritive value of squid and hydrolysed protein supplement in shrimp feed. Aquaculture, 210:371-384.
- Cruz-Suarez, L. E., Nieto-Lopez, M., Guajardo-Barbosa, C., Tapia-Salazar, M., Scholz, U., & Ricque-Marie, D. (2007). Replacement of fish meal with poultry by-product meal in practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei, and digestibility of the tested ingredients and diets. Aquaculture, 272(1): 466-476.
- Cuzon, G., Guillaume, J., & Cahu, C. (1994). Composition, preparation and utilization of feeds for Crustacea. Aquaculture, 124:253-267.
- El-Sayed, F. (2016). Behavioral studies of chemoreception by the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: testing attractability and palatability of proprietary chemical mixtures that augment feed pellets used in shrimp aquaculture. PhD Thesis. Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia State University.
- FAO. (2016). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- Fenucci, J. L., Zein-Eldin, Z. P., & Lawrence, A. L. (1980). The nutritional response of two penaeid species to various levels of squid meal in a prepared feed. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 11:403-409.
- Fabbrocini, A., Volpe, M. G., Di Stasio, M., D'Adamo, R., Maurizio, D., Coccia, E., & Paolucci, M. (2012). Agar-based pellets as feed for sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus): Rheological behaviour, digestive enzymes and gonad growth. Aquaculture Research, 43:321-331.
- Gao, S., Han, D., Zhu, X., Yang, Y., Liu, H., Xie, S., & Jin, J. (2019). Effects of guar gum on the growth performance and intestinal histology of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Aquaculture, 501:90-96.
- Johnston, M. D., & Johnston, D. L. (2007). Stability of formulated diets and feeding response of stage I western spiny lobster, Panulirus cygnus, Phyllosomata. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 38:262–271.
- Li, Y., Lu, C., Yu, Z., & Ma, Q. (2020). Isolation of Enterococcus faecium with feeding attractant function from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) intestine. Journal of Ocean University of China (Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research), 19(4):931-941.
- Liu, F., Ai, Q., Mai, K., Tan, B., Ma, H., Xu, W., & LiuFu, Z. (2008). Effects of dietary binders on survival and growth performance of postlarval tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Günther). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 39:441-571.
- Lwin, M. M. N. (2018). Development of diets for soft-shell mangrove crabs (Scylla spp.). A PhD Dissertation. Alabama: Auburn University.
- Nunes, A. J. P., Sa, M. V. C., Andriola-Neto, F. F., & Lemos, D. (2006). Behavioral response to selected feed attractants and stimulants in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 260:244-254.
- Obaldo, L., Divakaran, S., & Tacon, A. (2002). Method for determining the physical stability of shrimp feeds in water. Aquaculture Research, 33:369-377.
- Palma, J., Bureau, D. P., & Andrade, J. P. (2008). Effects of binder type and binder addition on the growth of juvenile Palaemonetes varians and Palaemonetes elegans (Crustacea: Palaemonidae). Aquaculture International, 16:427-436.
- Paolucci, M., Fabbrocini, A., Volpe, M. G., Varricchio, E., & Coccia, E. (2012). Development of Biopolymers as Binders for Feed for Farmed Aquatic Organisms. In Z. A. Muchlisin (Ed.), Aquaculture. (pp. 4-34). Rijeka, Croatia: InTech.
- Patridge, G., & Southgate, P. (1999). The effect of binder composition on ingestion and assimilation of microbound diets (MBD) by barramundi Lates calarifer Bloch Larvae. Aquaculture Research, 30: 879-886.
- Smith, D. M., Tabrett, S. J., Barclay, M. C., & Irvin, S. J. (2005). The efficacy of ingredients included in shrimp feeds to stimulate intake. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11:263-271.
- Volpe, M. G., Varricchio, E., Coccia, E., Santagata, G., Di Stasio, M., Malinconico, M., & Paolucci, M. (2012). Manufacturing pellets with different binders: effect on water stability and feeding response in juvenile Cherax albidus. Aquaculture, 324-325:104-110.
References
Ali, S. A., Gopal, C., & Ramana, J. V. (2007). Attractant and growth promoting properties of some feed materials and chemicals incorporated in the diets for Penaeus monodon (Fabricius). Indian Journal of Fisheries, 5(1):67-73.
Ali, S. A., Gopal, C., Ramana, J. V., Sampoornam, B., Arul Vasu, C., Vaitheeswaran, T., & Selvakumar, P. (2010). Evaluation of selected binders in a ring-die pellet mill for processing shrimp feed pellets. Indian Journal of Fisheries, 57(1):102-106.
AOAC Official Method International. (2007). Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC International.
APHA (American Public Health Association). (1989). Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater (17th ed.). New York, USA: American Public Health Association.
Arguello-Guevara, W., & Molina-Poveda, C. (2012). Effect of binder type and concentration on prepared feed stability, feed ingestion and digestibility of Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock diets. Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(4):515-522.
Ariadi, H., Fadjar, M., Mahmudi, M., & Supriatna. (2019). The relationships between water quality parameters and the growth rate of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in intensive ponds. AACL Bioflux, 12(6):2103-2116.
Boyd, C. E. (2000). Water Quality - An Introduction. New York: Springer US.
Brown, M. L., Fallahi, P., Muthukumarappan, K., Singha, P., & Sindelar, S. (2015). A Comparative Study of the Effects of Non-starch Polysaccharide Gums on Physical Properties of Single-screw Extruded Aquafeed. Journal of Food Processing Technology, 6(6):1-9.
Cordova-Murueta, J. H., & Garcia-Carreno, F. L. (2002). Nutritive value of squid and hydrolysed protein supplement in shrimp feed. Aquaculture, 210:371-384.
Cruz-Suarez, L. E., Nieto-Lopez, M., Guajardo-Barbosa, C., Tapia-Salazar, M., Scholz, U., & Ricque-Marie, D. (2007). Replacement of fish meal with poultry by-product meal in practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei, and digestibility of the tested ingredients and diets. Aquaculture, 272(1): 466-476.
Cuzon, G., Guillaume, J., & Cahu, C. (1994). Composition, preparation and utilization of feeds for Crustacea. Aquaculture, 124:253-267.
El-Sayed, F. (2016). Behavioral studies of chemoreception by the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: testing attractability and palatability of proprietary chemical mixtures that augment feed pellets used in shrimp aquaculture. PhD Thesis. Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia State University.
FAO. (2016). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Fenucci, J. L., Zein-Eldin, Z. P., & Lawrence, A. L. (1980). The nutritional response of two penaeid species to various levels of squid meal in a prepared feed. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 11:403-409.
Fabbrocini, A., Volpe, M. G., Di Stasio, M., D'Adamo, R., Maurizio, D., Coccia, E., & Paolucci, M. (2012). Agar-based pellets as feed for sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus): Rheological behaviour, digestive enzymes and gonad growth. Aquaculture Research, 43:321-331.
Gao, S., Han, D., Zhu, X., Yang, Y., Liu, H., Xie, S., & Jin, J. (2019). Effects of guar gum on the growth performance and intestinal histology of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Aquaculture, 501:90-96.
Johnston, M. D., & Johnston, D. L. (2007). Stability of formulated diets and feeding response of stage I western spiny lobster, Panulirus cygnus, Phyllosomata. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 38:262–271.
Li, Y., Lu, C., Yu, Z., & Ma, Q. (2020). Isolation of Enterococcus faecium with feeding attractant function from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) intestine. Journal of Ocean University of China (Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research), 19(4):931-941.
Liu, F., Ai, Q., Mai, K., Tan, B., Ma, H., Xu, W., & LiuFu, Z. (2008). Effects of dietary binders on survival and growth performance of postlarval tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Günther). Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 39:441-571.
Lwin, M. M. N. (2018). Development of diets for soft-shell mangrove crabs (Scylla spp.). A PhD Dissertation. Alabama: Auburn University.
Nunes, A. J. P., Sa, M. V. C., Andriola-Neto, F. F., & Lemos, D. (2006). Behavioral response to selected feed attractants and stimulants in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 260:244-254.
Obaldo, L., Divakaran, S., & Tacon, A. (2002). Method for determining the physical stability of shrimp feeds in water. Aquaculture Research, 33:369-377.
Palma, J., Bureau, D. P., & Andrade, J. P. (2008). Effects of binder type and binder addition on the growth of juvenile Palaemonetes varians and Palaemonetes elegans (Crustacea: Palaemonidae). Aquaculture International, 16:427-436.
Paolucci, M., Fabbrocini, A., Volpe, M. G., Varricchio, E., & Coccia, E. (2012). Development of Biopolymers as Binders for Feed for Farmed Aquatic Organisms. In Z. A. Muchlisin (Ed.), Aquaculture. (pp. 4-34). Rijeka, Croatia: InTech.
Patridge, G., & Southgate, P. (1999). The effect of binder composition on ingestion and assimilation of microbound diets (MBD) by barramundi Lates calarifer Bloch Larvae. Aquaculture Research, 30: 879-886.
Smith, D. M., Tabrett, S. J., Barclay, M. C., & Irvin, S. J. (2005). The efficacy of ingredients included in shrimp feeds to stimulate intake. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11:263-271.
Volpe, M. G., Varricchio, E., Coccia, E., Santagata, G., Di Stasio, M., Malinconico, M., & Paolucci, M. (2012). Manufacturing pellets with different binders: effect on water stability and feeding response in juvenile Cherax albidus. Aquaculture, 324-325:104-110.