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Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Atsiri Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) Dalam Transportasi Tertutup Benih Ikan Koi (Cyprinus Carpio)
[The Effects Of Bandotan Leave's (Ageratum conyzoides) Essential Oil within Closed System Transportation of Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) ]
Corresponding Author(s) : Laksmi Sulmartiwi
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2014): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstract
In the ornamental fish business, transportation has an important role to distributing fish up into the costumers. The distance between the farm and the customers location, require a transportation method which can maintain the quality and quantity of ornamental fish during the transportation. The biggest challenge in live fish closed system transportation is to reduce the stress level of fish during the process. According to Harmon (2009), fish are often exposed to multiple stressor during the transportation. Stressed fish can be seen through the increasing of tachiventilation (rapid opercula movement) and blood glucose levels (Evans and Claiborne, 2006). One of the method to reduce stress of fish during transportation is using essential oils from Bandotan's (A. conyzoides) leaves. A. conyzoides essential oils know has an analgesic activity (Okunade, 2002; Shekhar and Anju, 2012; Singh et al., 2013). A chemical compound with known analgesic effect, used in human and veterinary medicine as local analgesic dan be used to fish for the purpose of sedation, immobilization, and analgesia as well as general anaesthesia (Zahl and Samuelsen, 2012). This research was conducted to see the effect of A.conyzoides essential oils toward the survival rate, blood glucose levels, and tachyventilation of koi carp juveniles during closed system transportation. This research using completely randomized design method which consist of 5 different treatments with 4 replications. Treatment that used in this research is the variation of administration doses of A. conyzoides essential oils during the koi carp juvenile closed system transportation. The treatment such as A (5 ppm), B (10 ppm), C (15 ppm), D (20 ppm), and E (0 ppm). Main parameter of this research is survival rate, blood glucose levels, and tachyventilation of koi carp juvenile during 8 hours transportation. The result shows that A. conyzoides essential oils give a significant result toward survival rate, blood glucose levels, and tachiventilation of koi carp juvenile during transportation. There is no mortality in treatment A, B, and E, during transportation. The lowest blood glucose levels and tachiventilation found in treatment A (5 ppm).
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- Andriyanto, S., N. Lisyanto, dan R. Rahmawati.2010. Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik dengan Dosis yang Berbeda Terhadap Sintasan dan Pertumbuhan Benih Patin Jambal (Pangasius djambal).Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur.117-122.
- Bachtiar, Yusuf. 2002. Mencermelangkan Warna Koi. AgroMedia Pustaka : Depok. Hal. 5.
- Barreto, R. E. and G. L. Volpato. 2011.Ventilation rates indicate stresscoping styles in Nile tilapia. Journal of Bioscience 36 (5). Hal 1-5.
- Barton, B. A., J. D. Morgan, M. M. Vijayan. 2002. Physiological and ConditionRelated Indicator of Environmental Stress in Fish, in Adams, S.M. Biological Indicators of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress (paperback). American Fisheries Society.Hal.111118.
- Bouda, H., L.A. Tapon Djou, D.A Fontem, M.Y.D, Gumed Zoe. 2001. Effect of Essential Oils from Leaves of Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana camara and Cromolaena odorata on The Mortality of Sithopilus zeamais (coloptera, curculionidae). Journal of Stored Produvts Research 37(2001):193-199.
- Carleton University. 2011. Standard Operating Procedure : Blood sampling of nonanesthetized fish. Canada's Capital University Animal Care and Use Program. 4 hal.
- Cooke, S.T., C.D. Suski, K.G. Ostrand, B.L. Tufts, and D.H. Wahl. 2004. Behavioral and physiological assessment of low concentrations of clove oil anaesthetic for handling and transporting largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Aquaculture 239, hal. 509-529.
- de Almeida, R. N., D. A. M. Araujo, J. C. R. Goncalves, F. C. Montenegro, D. P. de Sousa, J. R. Leite, R. Mattei, M. A. C. Benedito, J. G. B. de Carvalho, J.S. Cruz, J. G. S Maia. 2009. Rosewood oil induces sedation and inhibits compound action potential in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 124.Hal.440-443.
- de Sousa, D. P. 2011. Analgesic-like Activity of Essential Oils Constituents. Molecules, 16, hal. 2233-2252. Eames, S. C., L. H. Philipson, V. E. Prince, and M. D. Kinkel. 2010. Blood Sugar Measurement in Zebrafish Reveals Dynamic of Glucose Homeostasis. ZEBRAFISH Vol. 7, No. 2. 10 hal.
- Effendy, Hersanto. 1993. Mengenal Beberapa Jenis Koi. Kanisius: Jakarta. Hal.11-68.
- Evans, D. H. and J. B. Claiborne. 2006. The Physiology of Fishes, Third Edition. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group : Florida. Hal.319-322.
- Guimarí£es, A. G., J. S. S. Quintans, and L. J. Quintans-Junior. 2013. Monoterpenes with Analgesic Activity, A Systematic Review. Phytotherapy Research 27. Hal.1-15.
- Hariyanto, S. E., F. S. Pranata, Y. Aida. 2008. Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Kecubung (Datura metel L.) Sebagai pembius Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) Pada Saat Pengangkutan. Biota Vol. 13 (1), hal 24-30.
- Harmon, T.S. 2009. Method for reducing stressors and maintaining water quality associated with live fish transport in tanks : a review of the basics. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1, 58-66.
- Lim, L.C., P. Dhert, and P. Sorgeloos, 2003. Recent developments and improvements in ornamental fish packaging system for air transport. Aquaculture Research, 34, 923-935.
- Lim, L. C., P. Dhert, P. Sorgeloos. 2007. Preparation for Transport : Fish Packaginf Technology. Ornamental Fish International Educational Publication 2, hal 25-45.
- Mulyadi, M. T. Usman, dan Suryani. 2010. Pengaruh Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Silais (Ompok hypophthalmus). Berkala Perikanan Terubuk, Vol 38 No.2. Hal 21-40.
- Neiffer, D. L. and M. A. Stamper. 2009. Fish Sedation, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia : Consideration, Methods, and Types of Drugs. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) Journal, Volume 50, Number 4, Oxford University Press. Hal 343-360.
- Okunade, A.L. 2002. Review : Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae). Fitoterapia, 73, 1-16. Sani, N.S., R. Racchmawati dan Mahfud. 2012. Pengambilan Minyak Atsiri dari Melati dengan Metode Enfleurasi dan Ekstraksi Pelarut Menguap. Jurnal Teknik POMITS Vol.1 (1): 1-4.
- Sanjaya, Y. 2011. Pengaruh Kosentrasi Larutan Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) Terhadap Tingkat Kelulusan dan Buka Tutup Operkulum Benih Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) dalam Transportasi Sistem Tertutup.Skripsi.Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya., 24 hal.
- Zahl, I. H. and O. Samuelsen. 2012. Anaesthesia of farmed fish: implications for welfare. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38:201218.
References
Andriyanto, S., N. Lisyanto, dan R. Rahmawati.2010. Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik dengan Dosis yang Berbeda Terhadap Sintasan dan Pertumbuhan Benih Patin Jambal (Pangasius djambal).Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur.117-122.
Bachtiar, Yusuf. 2002. Mencermelangkan Warna Koi. AgroMedia Pustaka : Depok. Hal. 5.
Barreto, R. E. and G. L. Volpato. 2011.Ventilation rates indicate stresscoping styles in Nile tilapia. Journal of Bioscience 36 (5). Hal 1-5.
Barton, B. A., J. D. Morgan, M. M. Vijayan. 2002. Physiological and ConditionRelated Indicator of Environmental Stress in Fish, in Adams, S.M. Biological Indicators of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress (paperback). American Fisheries Society.Hal.111118.
Bouda, H., L.A. Tapon Djou, D.A Fontem, M.Y.D, Gumed Zoe. 2001. Effect of Essential Oils from Leaves of Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana camara and Cromolaena odorata on The Mortality of Sithopilus zeamais (coloptera, curculionidae). Journal of Stored Produvts Research 37(2001):193-199.
Carleton University. 2011. Standard Operating Procedure : Blood sampling of nonanesthetized fish. Canada's Capital University Animal Care and Use Program. 4 hal.
Cooke, S.T., C.D. Suski, K.G. Ostrand, B.L. Tufts, and D.H. Wahl. 2004. Behavioral and physiological assessment of low concentrations of clove oil anaesthetic for handling and transporting largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Aquaculture 239, hal. 509-529.
de Almeida, R. N., D. A. M. Araujo, J. C. R. Goncalves, F. C. Montenegro, D. P. de Sousa, J. R. Leite, R. Mattei, M. A. C. Benedito, J. G. B. de Carvalho, J.S. Cruz, J. G. S Maia. 2009. Rosewood oil induces sedation and inhibits compound action potential in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 124.Hal.440-443.
de Sousa, D. P. 2011. Analgesic-like Activity of Essential Oils Constituents. Molecules, 16, hal. 2233-2252. Eames, S. C., L. H. Philipson, V. E. Prince, and M. D. Kinkel. 2010. Blood Sugar Measurement in Zebrafish Reveals Dynamic of Glucose Homeostasis. ZEBRAFISH Vol. 7, No. 2. 10 hal.
Effendy, Hersanto. 1993. Mengenal Beberapa Jenis Koi. Kanisius: Jakarta. Hal.11-68.
Evans, D. H. and J. B. Claiborne. 2006. The Physiology of Fishes, Third Edition. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group : Florida. Hal.319-322.
Guimarí£es, A. G., J. S. S. Quintans, and L. J. Quintans-Junior. 2013. Monoterpenes with Analgesic Activity, A Systematic Review. Phytotherapy Research 27. Hal.1-15.
Hariyanto, S. E., F. S. Pranata, Y. Aida. 2008. Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Kecubung (Datura metel L.) Sebagai pembius Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio L.) Pada Saat Pengangkutan. Biota Vol. 13 (1), hal 24-30.
Harmon, T.S. 2009. Method for reducing stressors and maintaining water quality associated with live fish transport in tanks : a review of the basics. Reviews in Aquaculture, 1, 58-66.
Lim, L.C., P. Dhert, and P. Sorgeloos, 2003. Recent developments and improvements in ornamental fish packaging system for air transport. Aquaculture Research, 34, 923-935.
Lim, L. C., P. Dhert, P. Sorgeloos. 2007. Preparation for Transport : Fish Packaginf Technology. Ornamental Fish International Educational Publication 2, hal 25-45.
Mulyadi, M. T. Usman, dan Suryani. 2010. Pengaruh Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kelulushidupan Benih Ikan Silais (Ompok hypophthalmus). Berkala Perikanan Terubuk, Vol 38 No.2. Hal 21-40.
Neiffer, D. L. and M. A. Stamper. 2009. Fish Sedation, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Euthanasia : Consideration, Methods, and Types of Drugs. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) Journal, Volume 50, Number 4, Oxford University Press. Hal 343-360.
Okunade, A.L. 2002. Review : Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae). Fitoterapia, 73, 1-16. Sani, N.S., R. Racchmawati dan Mahfud. 2012. Pengambilan Minyak Atsiri dari Melati dengan Metode Enfleurasi dan Ekstraksi Pelarut Menguap. Jurnal Teknik POMITS Vol.1 (1): 1-4.
Sanjaya, Y. 2011. Pengaruh Kosentrasi Larutan Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) Terhadap Tingkat Kelulusan dan Buka Tutup Operkulum Benih Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) dalam Transportasi Sistem Tertutup.Skripsi.Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan. Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya., 24 hal.
Zahl, I. H. and O. Samuelsen. 2012. Anaesthesia of farmed fish: implications for welfare. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 38:201218.