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Prevalensi dan Derajat Infestasi Ektoparasit pada Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Tambak Intensif dan Tradisional di Kabupaten Gresik
[ Prevalence and Degrees of Infestation Ectoparasite on White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Intensive and Extensive Cultivation System in Gresik]
Corresponding Author(s) : Gunanti Mahasri
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2017): Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan
Abstract
Udang putih (Litopenaeus vannamei) adalah komoditas unggulan budidaya yang memiliki harga yang signifikan pada pasar di seluruh dunia. Sepenuhnya permintaan udang, perlu perhatian serius dalam pembenihan vaname, dengan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan panen maksimal dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pasar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan prevalensi dan derajat infestasi, serta mengetahui perbedaan prevalensi dan derajat infestasi ektoparasit pada udang vaname sistem intensif dan tradisional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei, yaitu metode pengamatan sistematis, faktual, dan akurat tentang fakta dan sifat populasi atau pada wilayah tertentu. Prevalensi ektoparasit yang menyerang udang putih di budidaya intensif 57,5% dan budidaya tradisional 56,6% dan dalam kategori sering (sering kali) tingkat infestasi rata - rata yang menginfeksi vaname putih dalam budidaya intensif adalah 76,56 (berat), sedangkan di budidaya tradisional adalah 43,78 (sedang). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara prevalensi budidaya intensif dan tradisional (p> 0,05), terdapat perbedaan tingkat infestasi ektoparasit antara prevalensi budidaya intensif dan tradisional
Abstract
White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a species of cultivation and have important value in the worldwide market.Tofully a demand of shrimp, need for serious treatment in prawn hatchery vaname, with the aim that gets the maximum harvest and can fulfill a need market. The aims of this research to determine the prevalence and degree of infestation, as well as know the difference prevalence and degree of infestation ectoparasite on shrimps vaname which are in intensive and extensive cultivation. The method used in this study using survey methods, that is methods to make observation systematical, factual, and accurate about the fact and the nature of the population or to a definite region. The prevalence of ectoparasite that infests white shrimp in intensive cultivation is 57,5% and in traditional cultivation is 56,6% and in category frequently (often times). The average degree of infestation that infects white vaname in intensive cultivation is 76,56 (heavy), while in the traditional cultivation is 43,78 (medium). The results analysis of the data show that there is no difference between the prevalence of intensive and traditional cultivation (p > 0,05), there was difference infestation degree of ectoparasite between the prevalence of intensive and traditional cultivation.
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- Aziz, H., Iromo, & Darto. 2011. Identifikasi Ektoparasit pada Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon fabricus) di Tambak Tradisional Kota Tarakan. Fakultas Perikanan Ilmu Kelautan. Universitas Borneo. Tarakan. 15 hal.
- Cameron, A. 2002. Survey Toolbox for Aquatic Animal Diseases.A Practical Manual and Software Package. Aciar Monograph No. 94, p.
- Elfrida, L., Deswati, & Fitri, B. 2012. Pemanfaatan Sedimen KJA Danau Maninjau untuk Memproduksi Chlorella sp. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Limnologi VI. Universitas Bung Hatta. 13 hal.
- Fahmi. 2000. Beberapa Jenis Ikan Pemangsa di Tambak Tradisional dan Cara Penangkapannya. Oseana, 25(1): 21-30.
- Fariyanto, M. 2012. Kelayakan Budidaya Udang Vannamei di Rejotengah, Deket Lamongan. Skripsi. Agribisnis. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran”. Surabaya. 98 hal.
- Garno, Y. S. 2004. Pengembangan Budidaya Udang dan Potensi Pencemarannya pada Perairan Pesisir. BPPT, 5(3): 188-189.
- Gunarto, & Hendrajat, E. A. 2008. Budidaya Udang Vaname, Litopenaeus vannamei Pola Semi Intensif dengan Aplikasi Beberapa Jenis Probiotik Komersial. Akuakultur, 3(3): 339-349.
- Kabata, Z. 1985. Parasite and Diseases of Fish Cultured in the Tropics. Taylor and Francis. London. 263 p.
- Kudo, R. R. 1977. Protozoology. The University of Mionois. pp. 1016-
- Lavilla-Pitogo, C. R., G. D. Lio-Po, E. R., Cruz-Lacierda, E. V., AlapideTendencia, & De La Pena, L. D. 1990. Diseases of Penaeid Shrimps in the Philippines. Aquaculture Department Southeast Asian Fisheries. 86 p.
- Li, L., Song, W., Warren, A., Shin, M. K., Chen, Z., Jia, D., & Sun, P. 2008. Reconsideration of the Phylogenetic Positions of Five Peritrich Genera, Vorticella, Pseudovorticella, Zoothamnopsis, Zoothamnium, and Epicarchesium (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Sessilida), Based on Small Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences. Journal Eukaryot. Microbiol, 55 (5) : 448-456.
- Lom, J., & Iva, D. 1992. Protozoan Parasites of Fishes. Amsterdam ; New York. Elsevier. 315 p.
- Mahasri, G., Raya, L., Mubarak, A. S., & Irawan, B. 2008. Gambaran Patologi Insang dan Kulit Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.) yang Terserang Ciliata Patogen dari Famili Vorticellidae (Zoothamnium sp.). Berkala Ilmiah Perikanan, 3 (1): 95-103.
- Muhammad, F., Zhang, Z., Shao, M., Shi, X., & Shafi, M. 2013. Genesis of Hematopoietic Tissue and Its Relation with Hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 33(1): 91-95.
- Noga, E. J. 2010. Fish Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. 2nd Edition. WileyBalckwell. USA. pp. 538.
- Rueckert, S., Hagen, W., Yuniar, A. T., & Palm, H. W. 2009. Metazoan Fish Parasites of Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia, and Their Potential use as Biological Indicators. Springer, 9:-328.
- Saglam, N., & Mustafa, S. 2002. A Study on Tetrahymena pyriformis (Holotrichous) and Epistylis sp. (Peritrichous) Found on Freshwater Leech, Nephelopsis obscura. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(4): 497-498.
- Schuwerack, P. M. M., Lewis, J. W., & Jones, P. W. 2001. Pathological and Physiological Changes in the South African Freshwater Crab Potamonautes warreni Calman Induced by Microbial Gill Infestations. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 77: 269-279.
- Sungkawa, I. 2000. Hubungan Antara Uji T dan Uji F dalam Pengujian Nilai Tengah. Informatika Pertanian, 9: -560.
- Suwarsito, & Mustafidah, H. 2011. Diagnosa Penyakit Ikan Menggunakan Sistem Pakar. Juita ISSN, 1 (4) : 131-140.
- Wellborn, Jr. T. L., & Rogers, W. A. 1970. A Key to the Common Parasitic Protozoans of Nort American Fishes. Zoology-Entomology Departement Series Fisheries, 4: 1-
- Wiharyanto, D. 2011. Budidaya Udang Windu Tanpa Pakan dan Tanpa Aerasi. WWF Indonesia. hal. 1-2.
- Williams, E. H., & Bunkley-Williams, L. 1996. Parasites of Offshore Big Game Fishes of Puerto Rico and the Western Atlantic. Sportfish Disease Project. University of Puerto Rico. pp. 383.
References
Aziz, H., Iromo, & Darto. 2011. Identifikasi Ektoparasit pada Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon fabricus) di Tambak Tradisional Kota Tarakan. Fakultas Perikanan Ilmu Kelautan. Universitas Borneo. Tarakan. 15 hal.
Cameron, A. 2002. Survey Toolbox for Aquatic Animal Diseases.A Practical Manual and Software Package. Aciar Monograph No. 94, p.
Elfrida, L., Deswati, & Fitri, B. 2012. Pemanfaatan Sedimen KJA Danau Maninjau untuk Memproduksi Chlorella sp. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Limnologi VI. Universitas Bung Hatta. 13 hal.
Fahmi. 2000. Beberapa Jenis Ikan Pemangsa di Tambak Tradisional dan Cara Penangkapannya. Oseana, 25(1): 21-30.
Fariyanto, M. 2012. Kelayakan Budidaya Udang Vannamei di Rejotengah, Deket Lamongan. Skripsi. Agribisnis. Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran”. Surabaya. 98 hal.
Garno, Y. S. 2004. Pengembangan Budidaya Udang dan Potensi Pencemarannya pada Perairan Pesisir. BPPT, 5(3): 188-189.
Gunarto, & Hendrajat, E. A. 2008. Budidaya Udang Vaname, Litopenaeus vannamei Pola Semi Intensif dengan Aplikasi Beberapa Jenis Probiotik Komersial. Akuakultur, 3(3): 339-349.
Kabata, Z. 1985. Parasite and Diseases of Fish Cultured in the Tropics. Taylor and Francis. London. 263 p.
Kudo, R. R. 1977. Protozoology. The University of Mionois. pp. 1016-
Lavilla-Pitogo, C. R., G. D. Lio-Po, E. R., Cruz-Lacierda, E. V., AlapideTendencia, & De La Pena, L. D. 1990. Diseases of Penaeid Shrimps in the Philippines. Aquaculture Department Southeast Asian Fisheries. 86 p.
Li, L., Song, W., Warren, A., Shin, M. K., Chen, Z., Jia, D., & Sun, P. 2008. Reconsideration of the Phylogenetic Positions of Five Peritrich Genera, Vorticella, Pseudovorticella, Zoothamnopsis, Zoothamnium, and Epicarchesium (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Sessilida), Based on Small Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences. Journal Eukaryot. Microbiol, 55 (5) : 448-456.
Lom, J., & Iva, D. 1992. Protozoan Parasites of Fishes. Amsterdam ; New York. Elsevier. 315 p.
Mahasri, G., Raya, L., Mubarak, A. S., & Irawan, B. 2008. Gambaran Patologi Insang dan Kulit Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.) yang Terserang Ciliata Patogen dari Famili Vorticellidae (Zoothamnium sp.). Berkala Ilmiah Perikanan, 3 (1): 95-103.
Muhammad, F., Zhang, Z., Shao, M., Shi, X., & Shafi, M. 2013. Genesis of Hematopoietic Tissue and Its Relation with Hemocytes of Litopenaeus vannamei. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 33(1): 91-95.
Noga, E. J. 2010. Fish Disease Diagnosis and Treatment. 2nd Edition. WileyBalckwell. USA. pp. 538.
Rueckert, S., Hagen, W., Yuniar, A. T., & Palm, H. W. 2009. Metazoan Fish Parasites of Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia, and Their Potential use as Biological Indicators. Springer, 9:-328.
Saglam, N., & Mustafa, S. 2002. A Study on Tetrahymena pyriformis (Holotrichous) and Epistylis sp. (Peritrichous) Found on Freshwater Leech, Nephelopsis obscura. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 5(4): 497-498.
Schuwerack, P. M. M., Lewis, J. W., & Jones, P. W. 2001. Pathological and Physiological Changes in the South African Freshwater Crab Potamonautes warreni Calman Induced by Microbial Gill Infestations. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 77: 269-279.
Sungkawa, I. 2000. Hubungan Antara Uji T dan Uji F dalam Pengujian Nilai Tengah. Informatika Pertanian, 9: -560.
Suwarsito, & Mustafidah, H. 2011. Diagnosa Penyakit Ikan Menggunakan Sistem Pakar. Juita ISSN, 1 (4) : 131-140.
Wellborn, Jr. T. L., & Rogers, W. A. 1970. A Key to the Common Parasitic Protozoans of Nort American Fishes. Zoology-Entomology Departement Series Fisheries, 4: 1-
Wiharyanto, D. 2011. Budidaya Udang Windu Tanpa Pakan dan Tanpa Aerasi. WWF Indonesia. hal. 1-2.
Williams, E. H., & Bunkley-Williams, L. 1996. Parasites of Offshore Big Game Fishes of Puerto Rico and the Western Atlantic. Sportfish Disease Project. University of Puerto Rico. pp. 383.