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Pengaruh Dunaliella Salina Terhadap Polimorfonuklear Leukosit Ikan Kerapu Cantang (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus lanceolatus) Yang Diinfeksi Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN)
[Effect of Dunaliella Salina on Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes of Cantang Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x Epinephelus lanceolatus) Infected by Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN)]
Corresponding Author(s) : Rani Yuwanita
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal ilmiah perikanan dan kelautan
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Dunaliella salina terhadap jumlah polimorfonuklear leukosit ikan kerapu cantang yang diinfeksi VNN. Seratus delapan puluh ekor larva ikan kerapu cantang ditebar ke dalam 15 buah bak bervolume 16 L dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/bak. Sebelum diinfeksi VNN, ikan kerapu cantang diberi perlakuan pakan pelet yang mengandung tepung Dunaliella dengan dosis: K- (0 gr/kg pakan), A(6 gr/kg pakan), B (12 gr/kg pakan) dan C (18 gr/kg pakan) secara adlibitum selama 10 hari. Setelah 10 hari perlakuan, ikan kerapu cantang diinfeksi VNN selama 96 jam melalui injeksi intramuscular dengan dosis 0,1 ml/ekor ikan. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, Dunaliella salina berpengaruh terhadap jumlah polimorfonuklear leukosit ikan kerapu cantang yang diinfeksi VNN dengan nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan C (18 gr/kg pakan) yang mempunyai nilai rerata leukosit 45,9 x 103 sel/ml, neutrofil: 4,24 x 103 sel/ml dan eusinofil 13,38 x 103 sel/ml.
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of Dunaliella salina on the number of Cantang grouper leukocyte polymorphonuclear infected with VNN. One hundred and eighty larvae of Cantang grouper fish were stocked into 15 pieces of 16 L volumes with a density of 10 fish/tube. Before being infected with VNN, the groupers were treated with pellet feed containing doses of Dunaliella flour with a dose: K- (0 g/kg feed), A (6 g/kg of feed), B (12 g/kg of feed) and C (18 g/kg of feed) in adlibitum for 10 days. After 10 days of treatment, Cantang groupers were infected with VNN for 96 hours through intramuscular injection with a dose of 0.1 ml/fish. Based on the observations, Dunaliella salina has an effect on the number of VNN infected grouper cucumber leukocyte polymorphonuclear with the highest value in treatment C (18 g/kg feed) which has a leukocyte mean value of 45.9 x 103 cells/ml, neutrophils: 4.24 x 103 cells/ml and eosinophils 13.38 x 103 cells/ml.
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- Amaninejad, P., Emadi, H., Emtyazjoo, M., & Hossein, Z.S.H. (2012). Effects of Dunaliella salina on Different Levels of IGM, IGG, IGA and IGE Immuno globulins in Rainbow Trout (Onchrohynchus mykiss).
- Amelia, N., & Prayitno, S.B. (2012). Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) Untuk Menginaktifkan Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) Pada Ikan Kerapu Bebek (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology 1 (1), 264-278.
- Becker, E. W. (2007). Micro-algae as a source of protein. Biotechnology Advances,25(2), 207-210.
- Del Campo, J. A., García-González, M., & Guerrero, M. G. (2007). Outdoor cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production: current state and perspectives. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 74 (6), 1163-1174.
- DJPB KKP. (2013). Leaflet Pembesaran Ikan Kerapu Macan di KJA. https://www.djpb.kkp.go.id/public/upload/download/leaflet/Leaflet Pembesaran Ikan Kerapu Macan di KJA. Diakses pada 23 Mei 2018.
- Chen, H., & Jiang, J. G. (2009). Osmotic responses of Dunaliella to the changes of salinity. Journal of cellular physiology, 219(2), 251-258.
- Dai, J., Wu, Y., Chen, S. W., Zhu, S., Yin, H. P., Wang, M., & Tang, J. (2010). Sugar compositional determination of polysaccharides from Dunaliella salina by modified RP-HPLC method of precolumn derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. Carbohydrate Polymers, 82(3), 629-635.
- Mahasri, D., Widyastuti, P., &Sulmatiwi, L. (2011). Gambaran leukosit darah ikan koi (Cyprinus carpio) yang terinfestasi Ichthyophthirius multifiliis pada derajat infestasi yang berbeda dengan metode kohabitasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 3(1).
- Mori, K. I., Nakai, T., Muroga, K., Arimoto, M., Mushiake, K., & Furusawa, I. (1992). Properties of a new virus belonging to Nodaviridae found in larval striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex) with nervous necrosis. Virology, 187(1), 368-371.
- Nishizawa, T., Mori, K. I., Furuhashi, M., Nakai, T., Furusawa, I., & Muroga, K. (1995). Comparison of the coat protein genes of five fish nodaviruses, the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis in marine fish. Journal of General Virology, 76(7), 1563-1569.
- OIE (Office International des Epizooties). (2013). Chapter 2.3.11 Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy in Manual of Diagnostic Test for Aquatic Animals 4th Edition. Office International des Epizooties. Paris. 456 hlm.
- Purnamasari, R. (2017). Polisakarida Krestin dari Jamur Coriolus versicolor terhadap hitung Jenis Leukosit Mencit yang diinfeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIOTROPIC The Journal of Tropical Biology,1(2), 16-30.
- Rahma, F. W. (2016). Pengaruh pemberian ekstraks argassum sp. Dengan pelarut methanol pada pakan terhadap jumlah eritrosit dan differensiall eukositikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) (Doctoral dissertation) Universitas Airlangga.
- Rustikawati, I. (2012). Efektivitas Ekstrak Sargassum sp. Terhadap Diferensiasi Leukosit Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Diinfeksi Streptococcus iniae. Jurnal Akuatika, 3(2).
- Sakthivel, M., Deivasigamani, B., Rajasekar, T., Kumaran, S., & Alagappan, K. M. (2016). Immunostimulatory Effects of Polysaccharide Compound from Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii on Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) and it is Resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Journal of Marine Biology & Oceanography, 2015.
- Schneemann, A., Ball,L.A., Delsert,C., Johnson, J.E. & Nishizawa,T. (2005). Family nodaviridae. In: virus taxonomy, eighth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Fauquet c.m., mayo m.a., maniloff j., desselberger u. & ball l.a., eds. Elsevier academic press, london, uk, 865–872
- Sudaryatma, P. E., Lestari, A. T., Sunarsib, N. L., Widiarti, K. S., Hidayab, S. N., & Srinoto, D. (2012). Imunositokimia Streptavidin Biotin: Deteksi Dini Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus pada Lendir Ikan Kerapu Macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 30 (2012).
- Suhermanto, A., Andayani, S., & Maftuch, M. (2011). Pemberian total fenol teripang pasir (holothuria scabra) untuk meningkatkan leukosit dan diferensial leukosit ikan mas (cyprinus carpio) yang diinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas Hydrophila. Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 4(2), 150-157.
- Supamattaya, K., Kiriratnikom, S., Boonyaratpalin, M., & Borowitzka, L. (2005). Effect of a Dunaliella extract on growth performance, health condition, immune response and disease resistance in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture, 248(1-4), 207-216.
- Thiéry, R., Cozien, J., Cabon, J., Lamour, F., Baud, M., & Schneemann, A. (2006). Induction of a protective immune response against viral nervous necrosis in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax by using betanodavirus virus-like particles. Journal of virology, 80(20), 10201-10207.
- Utami, D. T., Prayitno, S. B., Hastuti, S., & Santika, A. (2013). Gambaran parameter Hematologis pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang diberi vaksin DNA Streptococcus iniae dengan dosis yang berbeda. Journal of Aquaculture Management And Technology, 7-20.
- Yushimitsu, T., Eda, H., & Hiramatsu, K. (1986). Groupers final report marine-culture research and development in Indonesia. ATA-192. JICA, 103-129.
- Yuasa, K., Roza, D., Koesharyani, I., Johnny, F., & Mahardika, K. (2000). General remarks on fish disease diagnosis. Textbook for the Training Course on Fish Disease Diagnosis. Lolitkanta-JICA Booklet, (12), 5-18.
References
Amaninejad, P., Emadi, H., Emtyazjoo, M., & Hossein, Z.S.H. (2012). Effects of Dunaliella salina on Different Levels of IGM, IGG, IGA and IGE Immuno globulins in Rainbow Trout (Onchrohynchus mykiss).
Amelia, N., & Prayitno, S.B. (2012). Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) Untuk Menginaktifkan Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) Pada Ikan Kerapu Bebek (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology 1 (1), 264-278.
Becker, E. W. (2007). Micro-algae as a source of protein. Biotechnology Advances,25(2), 207-210.
Del Campo, J. A., García-González, M., & Guerrero, M. G. (2007). Outdoor cultivation of microalgae for carotenoid production: current state and perspectives. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 74 (6), 1163-1174.
DJPB KKP. (2013). Leaflet Pembesaran Ikan Kerapu Macan di KJA. https://www.djpb.kkp.go.id/public/upload/download/leaflet/Leaflet Pembesaran Ikan Kerapu Macan di KJA. Diakses pada 23 Mei 2018.
Chen, H., & Jiang, J. G. (2009). Osmotic responses of Dunaliella to the changes of salinity. Journal of cellular physiology, 219(2), 251-258.
Dai, J., Wu, Y., Chen, S. W., Zhu, S., Yin, H. P., Wang, M., & Tang, J. (2010). Sugar compositional determination of polysaccharides from Dunaliella salina by modified RP-HPLC method of precolumn derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone. Carbohydrate Polymers, 82(3), 629-635.
Mahasri, D., Widyastuti, P., &Sulmatiwi, L. (2011). Gambaran leukosit darah ikan koi (Cyprinus carpio) yang terinfestasi Ichthyophthirius multifiliis pada derajat infestasi yang berbeda dengan metode kohabitasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 3(1).
Mori, K. I., Nakai, T., Muroga, K., Arimoto, M., Mushiake, K., & Furusawa, I. (1992). Properties of a new virus belonging to Nodaviridae found in larval striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex) with nervous necrosis. Virology, 187(1), 368-371.
Nishizawa, T., Mori, K. I., Furuhashi, M., Nakai, T., Furusawa, I., & Muroga, K. (1995). Comparison of the coat protein genes of five fish nodaviruses, the causative agents of viral nervous necrosis in marine fish. Journal of General Virology, 76(7), 1563-1569.
OIE (Office International des Epizooties). (2013). Chapter 2.3.11 Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy in Manual of Diagnostic Test for Aquatic Animals 4th Edition. Office International des Epizooties. Paris. 456 hlm.
Purnamasari, R. (2017). Polisakarida Krestin dari Jamur Coriolus versicolor terhadap hitung Jenis Leukosit Mencit yang diinfeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIOTROPIC The Journal of Tropical Biology,1(2), 16-30.
Rahma, F. W. (2016). Pengaruh pemberian ekstraks argassum sp. Dengan pelarut methanol pada pakan terhadap jumlah eritrosit dan differensiall eukositikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) (Doctoral dissertation) Universitas Airlangga.
Rustikawati, I. (2012). Efektivitas Ekstrak Sargassum sp. Terhadap Diferensiasi Leukosit Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Diinfeksi Streptococcus iniae. Jurnal Akuatika, 3(2).
Sakthivel, M., Deivasigamani, B., Rajasekar, T., Kumaran, S., & Alagappan, K. M. (2016). Immunostimulatory Effects of Polysaccharide Compound from Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii on Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) and it is Resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Journal of Marine Biology & Oceanography, 2015.
Schneemann, A., Ball,L.A., Delsert,C., Johnson, J.E. & Nishizawa,T. (2005). Family nodaviridae. In: virus taxonomy, eighth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Fauquet c.m., mayo m.a., maniloff j., desselberger u. & ball l.a., eds. Elsevier academic press, london, uk, 865–872
Sudaryatma, P. E., Lestari, A. T., Sunarsib, N. L., Widiarti, K. S., Hidayab, S. N., & Srinoto, D. (2012). Imunositokimia Streptavidin Biotin: Deteksi Dini Viral Nervous Necrosis Virus pada Lendir Ikan Kerapu Macan (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 30 (2012).
Suhermanto, A., Andayani, S., & Maftuch, M. (2011). Pemberian total fenol teripang pasir (holothuria scabra) untuk meningkatkan leukosit dan diferensial leukosit ikan mas (cyprinus carpio) yang diinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas Hydrophila. Jurnal Kelautan: Indonesian Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 4(2), 150-157.
Supamattaya, K., Kiriratnikom, S., Boonyaratpalin, M., & Borowitzka, L. (2005). Effect of a Dunaliella extract on growth performance, health condition, immune response and disease resistance in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture, 248(1-4), 207-216.
Thiéry, R., Cozien, J., Cabon, J., Lamour, F., Baud, M., & Schneemann, A. (2006). Induction of a protective immune response against viral nervous necrosis in the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax by using betanodavirus virus-like particles. Journal of virology, 80(20), 10201-10207.
Utami, D. T., Prayitno, S. B., Hastuti, S., & Santika, A. (2013). Gambaran parameter Hematologis pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang diberi vaksin DNA Streptococcus iniae dengan dosis yang berbeda. Journal of Aquaculture Management And Technology, 7-20.
Yushimitsu, T., Eda, H., & Hiramatsu, K. (1986). Groupers final report marine-culture research and development in Indonesia. ATA-192. JICA, 103-129.
Yuasa, K., Roza, D., Koesharyani, I., Johnny, F., & Mahardika, K. (2000). General remarks on fish disease diagnosis. Textbook for the Training Course on Fish Disease Diagnosis. Lolitkanta-JICA Booklet, (12), 5-18.