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Isolasi dan Identifikasi Fungi pada Ikan Maskoki (Carassius auratus) di Bursa Ikan Hias Gunung Sari Surabaya, Jawa Timur
[Isolation and Indentification of Fungi on the Gold Fish (Carassius auratus) in the Fish Market Gunung Sari Surabaya East Java]
Corresponding Author(s) : Rahayu Kusdarwati
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, Vol. 8 No. 1 (2016): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Abstract
Abstrak
Ikan maskoki (Carassius auratus) merupakan ikan hias air tawar yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia salah satunya daerah Jawa Timur. Ikan maskoki merupakan hasil persilangan ikan mas yang banyak dikembangkan di Negara Jepang maupun Cina. Ikan Maskoki memiliki beberapa keunggulan diantaranya dapat dijadikan ikan hias yang jinak, dan memiliki warna yang indah dan bentuk tubuh unik. Meskipun demikian, ikan hias umumnya cukup rawan terserang penyakit. Salah satu penyakit yang berbahaya bagi kegiatan budidaya ikan hias maskoki adalah fungi. Definisi penyakit ialah suatu keadaan atau sakit yang disebabkan oleh organisme patogen, yaitu parasit, virus, bakteri, dan fungi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis fungi yang menginfeksi ikan Maskoki di Bursa Ikan Hias Gunung Sari Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian ini adalah survei. Parameter utama yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis fungi yang menginfeksi ikan maskoki di Bursa Ikan Hias Gunung Sari Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Sedangkan sebagai parameter temperatur, amonia, dan oksigen terlarut yang diukur selama kegiatan sampling.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 25 sampel ikan yang diambil dari 6 lokasi, 11 ekor ikan positif terinfeksi fungi. Fungi tersebut adalah Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium glabrum, Saprolegnia. Perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai tingkat patogenitas dari masing-masing spesies fungi sehingga diperoleh data yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan pencegahan.
Abstract
The goldfish (Carassius auratus) is one of ornamental freshwater fish in Indonesia, especially in the East Java. The goldfish is produced by crossbreeding that has a long history in Japan and China. The goldfish is benign fish and it has beauty color and unique body. The fungi are one of the problems in fish culture. Prior research has observed, parasite, virus, bacteria, and fungi are the organism pathogen which can spread the diseases that could be founded in goldfish. The purpose of this research to identify the species of fungi that infected the goldfish in fish market Gunung Sari, Surabaya, East Java. The survey method was usee in this research. The parameters observed were fungi that infected the goldfish in fish market Gunung Sari, Surabaya, East Java. The temperature, ammonia and dissolved oxygen of water where the sample was taken were noted. The results showed that among 25 of goldfish samples from 6 different location, 11 samples were positively infected by fungi. The fungi then were identified as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium galbrum, and Saprolegnia based on colony and microscopic morphological observation. The pathogenecity of the fungi founded in goldfish of Gunung Sari, Surabaya, should be check to provide data for prevention purpose.
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- Balai Karantina Ikan. 2011a. Pembuatan Media SDA. Balai Karantina Ikan Kelas II.Tanujung Emas. Semarang.
- Balai Karantina Ikan. 2011b. Teknik Identifikasi Jamur Metode Selotip. Balai Karantina Ikan Kelas II. Tanjung Emas Semarang.
- Balai Karantina Ikan. 2011c. Teknik Identifikasi Jamur Metode Slide Culture.BalaiKarantina Ikan Kelas II. Tanjung Emas. Semarang
- Blezer, V. S., J. H. Lilley., W. B. Schill., Y, Kiryu., C. L. Desmore., V. Panyawachira., and S. Cinabut. 2002. Aphanomyces invadansi in Atlantic Menhaden along the East Coast of the United State. Journal Aquaculture Animal Health. 14:1-10.
- Bruno, D.W., and B. P. Wood 1994. Saprolegnia and other Oomycetes. In Fish Diseases and Disorders, Volume 3, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. Edited by P.T.K.
- Woo and D.W. Bruno. Cabi Publishing. Wallingford. Oxon. United Kingdom. Pp. 599-659.
- Dana, D. dan Angka, 1990. "Masalah Penyakit Parasit dan Bakteri pada Ikan Air Tawar Serta Cara Penaggulangannya”. Prosiding Seminar Nasional II, Penyakit Ikan dan Udang. Balai Penelitian Perikanan Air Tawar, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perikanan, Bogor.
- Effiong, B. N., And S. P. Alaties. 2009. Effect Of Mold Infested Feeds On The Growth and Survival Of Heterobranchus longifilis Fingerlings. Report and Opinion 1(3):914.
- Fadaeifard, F., M. Raissy., H. Bahrami., E. Rahmi., A. Najafipoor. 2011. Freshwater Fungi Isolated from Eggs and Broodstock with an Emphasis on Saprolegnia in rainbow trout Frams in West Iran. Journal of Microbiology Research. 4(22):36473651
- Larone, D. H. 2002. P. 175 and 266. Medically Important Fungi. 4th ed. ASM Press. Washington, DC. Hall, G.S., K. Pratt-Rippin, J.A. Washington. 1992. Evaluation of Chemiluminescent probe assay for identification of Hitoplasma Capsulatum isolate. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30:30033004.
- Handajani, A. dan S. Samsundari. 2005. Parasit dan Penyakit Ikan. Muhammadiyah University Press. Malang. 201 hal.
- Hussein, M. M. A., K. Hatai., and T. Nomura. 2001. Saprolegniosis in salmonids and their eggs in Japan. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 37(1) 204-207.
- Jantrarotai, W and R.T. Lovell. 1990. Subchronic Toxicity of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 to Channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 2;248-251.
- Koneman, E. M., S. D. Allen., W. M. Janda., P.C. Schreckenberger., W. C. Winn. 1992. Color Atlas and Text of Diagnostic Mikrobiology. 4th Edition. United States of America. J.B. Lippincott Company. Pp 804.
- Lingga, P., dan Susanto, 2003. Ikan Hias Air Tawar (Edisi Revisi). Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. 238 hal.
- Neish, G. W. 1997. Observations on Saprolegniasis of Adult Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Journal Fish Biology. 10:513-522.
- Nevarez, L., V. Vasseur., A. LeMadec., M. A. Lebras., L. Coroller., I. Leguerinel., G. Barbie. 2009. Physiological Traits of Penicillium Strain LPC 08.5568, a Filamentous Fungus Isolated from Bottled Aromatised Mineral Water. Journal of Food Microbiology. 130(3):166171.
- Russo, J. A. R., and R. P. E. Yanong. 2010. Molds in Fish Feeds and Aflatoxicosis. Journal Mycologi. 21:1-4.
- Pascod, M. B. 1973. Investigation of Rational Effluent and Stream Standarts for Tropical Countries. Asean Institute of Technology. Bangkok. 54pp.
- Pickering, A. D., Willoughby, L. G., 1982. Saprolegnia infection of salmonid Fish. In: Roberts, R. J. (Ed.), Microbial Diseases of Fish. Academic Press. London, pp. 271297.
- Russo, J. A. R., and R. P. E. Yanong. 2010. Molds in Fish Feeds and Aflatoxicosis. Journal Mycologi. 21:1-4.
- Sheikh, U and Mughal, R. 2012. Fungal Infections in Some Economically Important Freshwater Fishes. Pakistan Veteriner Journal, 32(3):422-426.
- Stoskopf, M. K. 1993. Fish Medicine. WB Saunders Company. Mexico.
- Subandi. 2010. Mikrobiologi. PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung. Hal 91
- Summerbell, R.C., S.A. Rosenthal and J. Kane. 1988. Rapid method for Differention of Trichophyton rubhum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, And related dermatophyte species. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 26:2279-2282.
- Steel, R. G. D dan J. H. Torrie. 1993. Prinsip Prosedur Statistika. Terjemahan Oleh Bambang Sumantri. Gramedia Pustaka.
- Yuasa, K., N. Panigro., M. Bahnan. dan E. B. Kholidin. 2003. Panduan Diagnosa Penyakit Ikan: Teknik Diagnosa Penyakit Ikan Budidaya Air Tawar di Indonesia. Japan International Cooperation Argency dan Balai Budidaya Air Tawar.Jambi. Hal 49-54
- Vedca, 2009. Teknologi Pengelolaan Kualitas Air. Bogor. 37 hal.
- Weitzman, I., J. Kane. 1991. Dermatophytes and agents of superficial mycoses, pp. 601-616, In A. Balows, W.J. Hausler jr., K.L. Herrmann, H.D. Isenberg, H.J. Shadomy. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 5th ed. American Society for Mycrobiology, Washington, D.C.
- Willoughby, L. G. 1994. Fungi and Fish Disease. Pisces Stirling. 57 P.
- Wogu, M. D., and A. D. Lyayi, 2011. Mycoflora of Some Smoked Fish Varieties In Benin City Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management (4):1-3.
- Zhao, K., W. Ping., Q. Li., S. Hao., T. Gao and D. Zhou. 2009. Aspergillus niger Var. taxi, a New Species Variant of Taxol-Producing Fungus Isolated from Taxus Cuspidate in China. Journal Microbiology. (2009):12021207.
References
Balai Karantina Ikan. 2011a. Pembuatan Media SDA. Balai Karantina Ikan Kelas II.Tanujung Emas. Semarang.
Balai Karantina Ikan. 2011b. Teknik Identifikasi Jamur Metode Selotip. Balai Karantina Ikan Kelas II. Tanjung Emas Semarang.
Balai Karantina Ikan. 2011c. Teknik Identifikasi Jamur Metode Slide Culture.BalaiKarantina Ikan Kelas II. Tanjung Emas. Semarang
Blezer, V. S., J. H. Lilley., W. B. Schill., Y, Kiryu., C. L. Desmore., V. Panyawachira., and S. Cinabut. 2002. Aphanomyces invadansi in Atlantic Menhaden along the East Coast of the United State. Journal Aquaculture Animal Health. 14:1-10.
Bruno, D.W., and B. P. Wood 1994. Saprolegnia and other Oomycetes. In Fish Diseases and Disorders, Volume 3, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. Edited by P.T.K.
Woo and D.W. Bruno. Cabi Publishing. Wallingford. Oxon. United Kingdom. Pp. 599-659.
Dana, D. dan Angka, 1990. "Masalah Penyakit Parasit dan Bakteri pada Ikan Air Tawar Serta Cara Penaggulangannya”. Prosiding Seminar Nasional II, Penyakit Ikan dan Udang. Balai Penelitian Perikanan Air Tawar, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perikanan, Bogor.
Effiong, B. N., And S. P. Alaties. 2009. Effect Of Mold Infested Feeds On The Growth and Survival Of Heterobranchus longifilis Fingerlings. Report and Opinion 1(3):914.
Fadaeifard, F., M. Raissy., H. Bahrami., E. Rahmi., A. Najafipoor. 2011. Freshwater Fungi Isolated from Eggs and Broodstock with an Emphasis on Saprolegnia in rainbow trout Frams in West Iran. Journal of Microbiology Research. 4(22):36473651
Larone, D. H. 2002. P. 175 and 266. Medically Important Fungi. 4th ed. ASM Press. Washington, DC. Hall, G.S., K. Pratt-Rippin, J.A. Washington. 1992. Evaluation of Chemiluminescent probe assay for identification of Hitoplasma Capsulatum isolate. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30:30033004.
Handajani, A. dan S. Samsundari. 2005. Parasit dan Penyakit Ikan. Muhammadiyah University Press. Malang. 201 hal.
Hussein, M. M. A., K. Hatai., and T. Nomura. 2001. Saprolegniosis in salmonids and their eggs in Japan. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 37(1) 204-207.
Jantrarotai, W and R.T. Lovell. 1990. Subchronic Toxicity of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 to Channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health 2;248-251.
Koneman, E. M., S. D. Allen., W. M. Janda., P.C. Schreckenberger., W. C. Winn. 1992. Color Atlas and Text of Diagnostic Mikrobiology. 4th Edition. United States of America. J.B. Lippincott Company. Pp 804.
Lingga, P., dan Susanto, 2003. Ikan Hias Air Tawar (Edisi Revisi). Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta. 238 hal.
Neish, G. W. 1997. Observations on Saprolegniasis of Adult Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Journal Fish Biology. 10:513-522.
Nevarez, L., V. Vasseur., A. LeMadec., M. A. Lebras., L. Coroller., I. Leguerinel., G. Barbie. 2009. Physiological Traits of Penicillium Strain LPC 08.5568, a Filamentous Fungus Isolated from Bottled Aromatised Mineral Water. Journal of Food Microbiology. 130(3):166171.
Russo, J. A. R., and R. P. E. Yanong. 2010. Molds in Fish Feeds and Aflatoxicosis. Journal Mycologi. 21:1-4.
Pascod, M. B. 1973. Investigation of Rational Effluent and Stream Standarts for Tropical Countries. Asean Institute of Technology. Bangkok. 54pp.
Pickering, A. D., Willoughby, L. G., 1982. Saprolegnia infection of salmonid Fish. In: Roberts, R. J. (Ed.), Microbial Diseases of Fish. Academic Press. London, pp. 271297.
Russo, J. A. R., and R. P. E. Yanong. 2010. Molds in Fish Feeds and Aflatoxicosis. Journal Mycologi. 21:1-4.
Sheikh, U and Mughal, R. 2012. Fungal Infections in Some Economically Important Freshwater Fishes. Pakistan Veteriner Journal, 32(3):422-426.
Stoskopf, M. K. 1993. Fish Medicine. WB Saunders Company. Mexico.
Subandi. 2010. Mikrobiologi. PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung. Hal 91
Summerbell, R.C., S.A. Rosenthal and J. Kane. 1988. Rapid method for Differention of Trichophyton rubhum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, And related dermatophyte species. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 26:2279-2282.
Steel, R. G. D dan J. H. Torrie. 1993. Prinsip Prosedur Statistika. Terjemahan Oleh Bambang Sumantri. Gramedia Pustaka.
Yuasa, K., N. Panigro., M. Bahnan. dan E. B. Kholidin. 2003. Panduan Diagnosa Penyakit Ikan: Teknik Diagnosa Penyakit Ikan Budidaya Air Tawar di Indonesia. Japan International Cooperation Argency dan Balai Budidaya Air Tawar.Jambi. Hal 49-54
Vedca, 2009. Teknologi Pengelolaan Kualitas Air. Bogor. 37 hal.
Weitzman, I., J. Kane. 1991. Dermatophytes and agents of superficial mycoses, pp. 601-616, In A. Balows, W.J. Hausler jr., K.L. Herrmann, H.D. Isenberg, H.J. Shadomy. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 5th ed. American Society for Mycrobiology, Washington, D.C.
Willoughby, L. G. 1994. Fungi and Fish Disease. Pisces Stirling. 57 P.
Wogu, M. D., and A. D. Lyayi, 2011. Mycoflora of Some Smoked Fish Varieties In Benin City Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management (4):1-3.
Zhao, K., W. Ping., Q. Li., S. Hao., T. Gao and D. Zhou. 2009. Aspergillus niger Var. taxi, a New Species Variant of Taxol-Producing Fungus Isolated from Taxus Cuspidate in China. Journal Microbiology. (2009):12021207.