Hubungan antara Kehamilan Remaja dan Riwayat Pemberian ASI Dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pujon Kabupaten Malang
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Background: Stunting is growth failure which commonly occurs among children. In Indonesia, the prevalence of stunted growth is still high. The high number of stunted children is a result of the risk factors, which are early marriage that causes adolescent pregnancy, and non-exclusive breastfeeding.
Objectives: To analyze the relationship between teenage pregnancy and a history of exclusive breastfeeding against the incidence of stunting in infants under five years.
Method: This research was a descriptive analysis which used case-control method. The samples in this research were 58 children, who were selected using multiple stage sampling, and divided into two groups; stunting and non-stunting. The collected data include the children's height measurement andquestionnaire of exclusive breastfeeding history, as well as questionnaire of mother's age at first pregnancy and the respondents' identity. The data were analyzed using SPSS software with chi square test and WHO Anthro
Results: The results of this research revealed significant correlation between adolescent pregnancy and stunted children (p=0.016), with odds ratio of 3.86. Moreover, significant correlation was also manifested between non-exclusive breastfeeding and stunted children (p=0.003), with odds ratio of 3.23. The younger the mother at pregnancy and the absence of exclusive breastfeeding resulted in higher risk of child stunting. Therefore, this research concluded that adolescent pregnancy and non-exclusive breastfeeding might increase the risk of child stunting.
Conclusion: This research concluded that adolescent pregnancy and non – exsclusive breastfeeding might increase the risk of stunting in children.
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Stunting adalah kejadian gagal tumbuh yang sering terjadi pada anak. Prevalensi stunting di Indonesia sendiri masih tinggi. Tingginya jumlah anak yang mengalami stunting merupakan hasil dari tingginya faktor yang memengaruhinya seperti; pernikahan dini yang menyebabkan terjadinya kehamilan pada remaja dan pemberian ASI yang tidak eksklusif.
Tujuan: Menganalisis apakah terdapat hubungan antara kehamilan remaja dan riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap kejadian stunting pada balita.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik, menggunakan metode case – control. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 58 anak, yang dipilih menggunakan metode multiple stage sampling dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu stunting dan non – stunting. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi pengukuran panjang badan anak dan kuisioner riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif, kuisoner usia ibu pertama kali hamil dan identitas responden. Analisis data menggunakan software SPSS dengan uji Chi – square untuk menganalisis hubungan variabel dependen dengan independen sedangkan software WHO Antro digunakan untuk menganalisis status gizi balita (TB/U) menurut z – score.
Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan hubungan yang signifikan antara kehamilan remaja dengan kejadian stunting pada balita (p = 0,016) dengan nilai Odds – ratio adalah 3,86. Di samping itu juga ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara pemberian ASI non – eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita (p = 0,00) dengan nilai Odds – ratio adalah 3,23. Semakin muda usia ibu mengalami kehamilan dan anak tidak diberikan ASI eksklusif maka akan semakin besar risiko anak mengalami stunting.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kehamilan remaja dan pemberian ASI non – eksklusif dapat meningkatkan risiko anak mengalami stunting.
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